届高考英语一轮复习精选精炼20摸底测试二.docx

届高考英语一轮复习精选精炼20摸底测试二.docx

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届高考英语一轮复习精选精炼20摸底测试二

摸底测试

（二）

阅读理解

A

Initsearlyhistory，Chicagohadfloodsfrequently,especiallyinthespring,makingthestreetssomuddythatpeople,horses,andcartsgotstuck.Anoldjokethatwaspopularatthetimewentsomethinglikethis：

AmanisstuckuptohiswaistinamuddyChicagostreet.Askedifheneedshelp,hereplies，“No,thanks.I'vegotagoodhorseunderme.”

Thecityplannersdecidedtobuildanundergrounddrainage（排水）system,buttheresimplywasn'tenoughdifferencebetweentheheightofthegroundlevelandthewaterlevel.TheonlytwooptionsweretolowertheChicagoRiverorraisethecity.

AnengineernamedEllisChesbroughconvincedthecitythatithadnochoicebuttobuildthepipesabovegroundandthencoverthemwithdirt.Thisraisedthelevelofthecity'sstreetsbyasmuchas12feet.

Thisofcoursecreatedanewproblem：

dirtpracticallyburiedthefirstfloorsofeverybuildinginChicago.Buildingownerswerefacedwithachoice：

eitherchangethefirstfloorsoftheirbuildingsintobasements,andthesecondstoriesintomainfloors,orhoisttheentirebuildingstomeetthenewstreetlevel.Smallwoodframebuildingscouldbeliftedfairlyeasily.Butwhataboutlarge,heavystructuresliketheTremontHotel，whichwasasixstorybrickbuilding?

That'swhereGeorgePullmancamein.Hehaddevelopedsomehousemovingskillssuccessfully.ToliftabigstructureliketheTremontHotel，Pullmanwouldplacethousandsofjackscrews（螺旋千斤顶）beneaththebuilding'sfoundation.Onemanwasassignedtooperateeachsectionofroughly10jackscrews.AtPullman'ssignaleachmanturnedhisjackscrewthesameamountatthesametime，therebyraisingthebuildingslowlyandevenly.Astonishingly，theTremontHotelstayedopenduringtheentireoperation，andmanyofitsguestsdidn'tevennoticeanythingwashappening.

Somepeopleliketosaythateveryproblemhasasolution.ButinChicago'searlyhistory，everyengineeringsolutionseemedtocreateanewproblem.NowthatChicago'swastewaterwasdrainingefficientlyintotheChicagoRiver,thecity'snextstepwastocleanthepollutedriver.

1.Theauthormentionsthejoketoshow________．

A．horseswerefairlyusefulinChicago

B．Chicago'sstreetswereextremelymuddy

C．Chicagowasverydangerousinthespring

D.theChicagopeoplewereparticularlyhumorous

2．ThecityplannerswereconvincedbyEllisChesbroughto________．

A．getridofthestreetdirt

B．lowertheChicagoRiver

C．fightagainstheavyfloods

D．buildthepipesaboveground

3．Theunderlinedword“hoist”inParagraph4means“________”．

A．change　　　　　　　　　B．lift

C．repairD．decorate

4．WhatcanweconcludeaboutthemovingoperationoftheTremontHotel?

A．Itwentonsmoothlyasintended.

B．Itinterruptedthebusinessofthehotel.

C．ItinvolvedPullmanturningtenjackscrews.

D．Itseparatedthebuildingfromitsfoundation.

语篇解读：

本文为说明文，题材为历史与建筑。

在历史上芝加哥常常发洪水，这使得街道非常泥泞。

城市规划者就这一问题采取了诸多措施。

1．解析：

推理判断题。

由第一段第一句可知在历史上芝加哥常常发洪水尤其是在春天，这使得街道非常泥泞以至于行人及马和马车陷入泥里。

这一则笑话是用来说明芝加哥街道的泥泞的，故选B项。

答案：

B

答案：

D

3．解析：

猜测词义题。

由画线词后一句“Smallwoodframebuildingscouldbeliftedfairlyeasily.”可知，hoist与lift为同义词，故B项正确。

答案：

B

4．解析：

事实细节题。

由倒数第二段内容可知A项正确。

答案：

A

B

（2017·石家庄高三模拟）ThoseaccustomedtobrowsingthroughthousandsofbooksinlargebookstoresmayfindJapan'sMoriokaShotenalittlestrange.That'sbecausethistinybookstorethatislocatedinGinza，Tokyosellsonlyasinglebookatatime.

OpenedinMay2015，MoriokaShotenisthebrainchildofYoshiyukiMorioka.HebeganhiscareerasabookstoreclerkinTokyo'sKandadistrictbeforebranchingouttoopenhisownstore.Itwasherewhileorganizingbookreadingandsigningthatherealizedthatcustomersusuallycameintothestorewithonetitleinmind.Moriokabegantowonderifastorecouldexistbysellingmultiplecopiesofjustonesinglebook.InNovember2014，hepartneredwithMasamichiToyamatoestablishauniquebookstorewiththephilosophyof“ASingleRoomwithaSingleBook”．

TheselectionsthatarepickedbyMoriokachangeweeklyandvarywidelytoattractcustomerswithdifferentinterests.RecentchoicesincludeTheTrueDeceiver，anawardwinningSwedishnovelbyToveJansson，HansAndersen'sFairyTales，andacollectionofKarlBlossfeldt'sphotographyofplants.MoriokahasalsoselectedbookswrittenbyafamousJapaneseauthorMimeiOgawa.

Tohighlighthisonlyoffering，Moriokaoftenusesclevertricks.Forexample，whensellingabookaboutflowers，thestorekeeperdecoratedhisshopwiththeonesthathadbeenmentionedinthebook.Healsoencouragesauthorstoholdtalksanddiscussionssotheycanconnectwithcustomers.Moriokasayshisgoalisforthecustomerstoexperiencebeinginsideabook，notjustabookstore.中/华-资*源%库

Riskyastheideamightseem，thingsappeartobegoingwell.Thestorekeepersayshehassoldover2，100books.Thingscangetbettergiventhathisbookstoreisbecomingincreasinglypopularnotjustamongthelocalsbutalsovisitorsfromothercountries.

【语篇解读】　在日本你会发现一家名为“MoriokaShoten”的别致书店，这家书店因其独特的经营方式很快就吸引了众人的注意。

5．WhatinspiredMoriokatoopensuchabookstore?

A．ASwedishnovel.

B．Hispresentpartner.

C．Abookstoreclerk.

D．Hisworkingexperience.

D　[细节理解题。

依据第二段可知，在开办自己的书店之前Morioka当过书店的店员，正是在工作中，他开始想创办一家“一周只卖一本书”的书店，由此可知，他的工作经验给了他灵感。

]

6．WhyisMoriokaShotenunique?

A．Itispopularwithforeigners.

B．Itsellsbooksofdifferenttopics.

C．Itisdecoratedwithcolorfulflowers.

D．Itsellsvariouscopiesofabookinaweek.

D　[细节理解题。

依据第一段的“sellsonlyasinglebookatatime”可知，选项D正确。

]

7．WhydoesMoriokaencourageauthorstoholdtalks?

A．Tointroducehisbookstore.

B．Toadvocatehisphilosophy.

C．Tomakebooksbetterunderstood.

D．Tohelpreadersconnectwitheachother.

C　[推理判断题。

依据第四段的第三句和第四句可知，Morioka鼓励作者举办会谈、讨论是为了与顾客接触，这样顾客便会更好地体会书中的内容，故选C。

]

8．What'stheauthor'sopinionaboutthebookstore'sfuture?

A．Risky.B．Promising.

C．Unpredictable.D．Hopeless.

B　[观点态度题。

依据文章最后一段的内容可知，这个书店会变得更好，它不仅在当地人中而且在其他国家的游客中也受欢迎，由此可知，作者认为这个书店很有发展前途。

]

C

（2018·陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底检测）

AprincipalinManhattaninformedparentsthattherewouldbenomorehomeworkforthepublicschool'sstudents.Andthencamethearguments—notfromteachers,butfromparents.Somesaidtheywouldtransfertheirchildrentoanotherschool.Somesaidtheywerefindingonlinesourcesofhomeworkfortheirchildren.TheywerenotconvincedoftheexplanationfromPrincipalJaneHsuaboutthenegativeeffectsofhomeworkonyoungchildren,includinglackoftimeforotheractivitiesandfamilytime,andlossofinterestinlearning.Hsusuggestedchildrenshouldspendtheirtimeonactivitiesthathadbeenfoundtobegoodfortheiracademic,socialandemotionaldevelopment.

AsasupporterofHsu'sapproach,Iwonderhowmanyoftheparentalargumentsoccurnotbecauseofwhatchildrenwillmissouton,butbecauseparentsthemselvesnolongerfeelconfidentabouttheirabilitytohelptheirchildrendevelopwithouthighlystructuredactivitiestoguidethem.

I'mremindedofameetingattheschoolmyyoungerdaughterwasabouttostartwhenshewas6.Theheadoftheschoolmetwithparentstosaythatshewasalsoconsideringdoingawaywithhomework.Onemomobjectedbecausehomeworkwasher“specialtime”eachdaywithherchildwhentheycouldsitdowntogethertogothroughthework.Theheadoftheschoolappearedsurprisedatthis.Shegentlysuggestedthatthemothershouldreadtoherchild,orthattheyshouldcookdinnertogether.

It'sbeensadalreadytoseethatkids,betweentheirstructuredsoccerpracticesandtheirhomework,haveverylittletimetoplay.Butit'sevensaddertoseetheparentalnervousnessaboutwhatmighthappentoathirdgraderwhohasmoretimetocreate,think,read,interactwithothers,orimagine.Whatmighthappen,Ibelieve,mustbemorehappiness,moreenergyandbetterphysicalfitness.

【文章大意】　曼哈顿的一位校长通知家长她的学校将不再给学生布置家庭作业，此举在家长中引发了激烈的讨论。

作者本人对这位校长的方法表示支持，并持乐观的态度。

【难句分析】AsasupporterofHsu'sapproach,Iwonderhowmanyoftheparentalargumentsoccurnotbecauseofwhatchildrenwillmissouton,butbecauseparentsthemselvesnolongerfeelconfidentabouttheirabilitytohelptheirchildrendevelopwithouthighlystructuredactivitiestoguidethem.

分析：

本句为复合句。

介宾短语AsasupporterofHsu'sapproach作状语；wonder后为宾语从句；该宾语从句中含有not...but...结构，not后的becauseof...outon为原因状语，且介词短语becauseof后为what引导的宾语从句，but后为because引导的原因状语从句。

译文：

作为JaneHsu校长这一做法的支持者，我想知道有多少家长不是因为孩子将错失什么，而是因为在没有高度系统化活动指导他们的情况下，家长自己对帮助他们孩子发展的能力不再有信心而进行争论的。

9．Fromthepassage,weknow________.

A．teachersarestronglyopposedtogivingnohomeworktotheirstudents

B．theideaofnohomeworkhasledtoaheateddebate

C．childrengreatlybenefitfromtheideaofno

homework

D．otheractivitieshavetakentheplaceofthehomework

答案与解析：

B'考查细节理解。

由第一段中的“Andthencamethearguments—notfromteachers,butfromparents.”可知，不再布置家庭作业的做法在家长中引起了激烈的讨论，故选B项。

10．Whydidonemomobjecttotheideaofnohomeworkforkids?

A．Herchildmightloseinterestinlearning.

B．Herchildmighthavelesstimetothink.

C．Sheenjoyedthetimedoinghomeworkwithherchild.

D．Homeworkisgoodforchildren'sacademicdevelopment.

答案与解析：

C'考查细节理解。

由第三段中的“Onemomobjectedbecausehomeworkwasher‘specialtime’eachdaywithherchildwhentheycouldsitdowntogethertogothroughthework.”可知，与孩子一块儿做作业对这位母亲来说是件让她高兴的事，所以她反对取消家庭作业这一想法，故选C。

11．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsPrincipalJaneHsu'ssuggestion?

A．Indifferent.B．Positive.

C．Negative.D．Critical.

答案与解析：

B'考查观点态度。

由第二段中的“AsasupporterofHsu'sapproach”和最后一段中的“Whatmighthappen,Ibelieve，mustbemorehappiness,moreenergyandbetterphysicalfitness.”可以看出，作者持乐观的态度，故选B。

12．Thepassageismainlyabout________.

A．whethertheparentsshouldtransfertheirchildrentopublicschool

B．thebenefitsofdoinghomework

C．thenecessityofch