精华四级快速阅读练习.docx

精华四级快速阅读练习.docx

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精华四级快速阅读练习

Passage1

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequickly

　　Forquestions1-7,mark

　　Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

　　N（forNO）ifhestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

　　NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage;

　　Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

　　ComputerCrime

　　Acomputercrimeisgenerallydefinedasonethatinvolvestheuseofcomputersandsoftwareforillegalpurposes.Thisdoesn'tmeanthatallthecrimesarenewtypesofcrime.Onthecontrary,manyofthesecrimes,suchasembezzlementoffunds,thealterationofrecords,theft,vandalism,sabotage,andterrorism,canbecommittedwithoutacomputer.Butwithacomputer,theseoffensescanbecarriedoutmorequicklyandwithlesschancethatthepersonresponsibleforthecrimewillbediscovered.

　　Computercrimesareontheriseandhavebeenforthelasttwelveyears.JusthowmuchthesecomputercrimescosttheAmericanpublicisindispute,butestimatesrangefrom$3billionto$5billionannually.EventheFBI,whichattemptstokeeptrackofthegrowthordeclineofallkindsofcrimes,isunabletosaypreciselyhowlargealossisinvolved;however,itestimatesthattheaveragetakefromacompanyhitbycomputercrimeis$600,000.Anumberofreasonsaregivenfortheincreaseincomputercrime:

（a）morecomputersinuseand,thus,morepeoplewhoarefamiliarwithbasiccomputeroperation;（b）morecomputerstiedtogetherinsatelliteandotherdata—transmissionnetworks;and（c）theeasyaccessofmicrocomputerstohugemainframedatabases.

　　TheCriminal

　　Moviesandnewspaperstoriesmightleadustobelievethatmostcomputercrimesarecommittedbyteenage“hackers”—brilliantandbasicallygoodchildrenwholettheirimaginationandtechnicalgeniusgetthemintotrouble.Butarealisticlookatthecrimesrevealsthattheoffenderislikelytobeanemployeeofthefirmagainstwhichthecrimehasbeencommitted,i.e.,an“insider”.

　　DifficultyofDetectionandPrevention

　　Giventhekindofpersonwhocommitsacomputercrimeandtheenvironmentinwhichthecrimeoccurs,itisoftendifficulttodetectwhothecriminalis.Firstofall,thecrimemaybesocomplexthatmonthsoryearsgobybeforeanyonediscoversit.

　　Second,oncethecrimehasbeenrevealed,itisnoteasytofindacleartrailofevidencethatleadsbacktotheguiltyparty.Afterall,lookingfor“weapons”orfingerprintsdoesnotoccurasitmightintheinvestigationofmoreconventionalcrimes.

　　Third,thereareusuallynowitnessestothecomputercrime,eventhoughitmaybetakingplaceinaroomfilledwithpeople.Whoistosayifthepersonatthenextterminal,calmlykeyingindata,isdoingthecompany'sworkorcommittingacriminalact?

　　Fourth,notenoughpeopleinmanagementandlawenforcementknowenoughaboutcomputertechnologytopreventthecrimes.Authoritieshavetobefamiliarwiththecomputer'scapabilitieswithinagivensituationtoguardagainstitsmisuses.Insomelargecities,suchasLosAngeles,policedepartmentshavesetupspeciallytrainedcomputercrimeunits.

　　Butevenwhenanoffenderiscaught,theinvestigators,attorneys（律师）,judges,orjuriesmayfindtheallegedcrimetoocomplicatedandperplexingtohandle.Moreattorneysarespecializingincomputerlawandstudyingthecomputer'spotentialformisuse.

　　Afteracomputercrimehasbeendiscovered,manycompaniesdonotreportitorprosecute（起诉）thepersonresponsible.Acompanymaynotannouncethecrimeoutoffearthatthepubicwillfindouttheweaknessesofitscomputersystemandloseconfidenceinitsorganization.Banks,creditcardcompanies,andinvestmentfirmsareespeciallysensitiveaboutrevealingtheirvulnerabilities（脆弱性）becausetheyrelyheavilyoncustomertrust.

　　Toavoidpublicattention,cautiouscompanieswilloftensettlecasesofcomputertamperingoutofcourt.Andifcasesdogototrialandtheoffendersareconvicted,theymaybepunishedonlybyafineorlightsentencebecausethejudgeorjuryisn'tfullytrainedtounderstandthenatureandseriousnessofthecrime.

　　Notallcompaniesaretimidinapprehendingcomputercriminals.Forexample,ConnecticutGeneralLifeInsuranceCompanydecidedithadtogettoughonviolators.Sowhenthecompanydiscoveredthatoneofitscomputertechnicianshadembezzled$200,000byenteringfalsebenefitclaims,itpresenteditfindingstothestate'sattorneyandaidedintheprosecutionofthetechnician.Thetechnicianwasfoundguiltyandsentencedtoprison,notjustforthecomputermisuse,butalsoforgrandtheftandinsurancefraud.ConnecticutGeneralnowhasapolicyofreportingallincidentsoftheftorfraud,nomatterhowsmall.

　　提示：

在实考试卷中，8~10题在答题卡1上

　　1.TheFBIknowsexactlyhowlargealossisinvolvedincomputercrimes.

　　2.Ithasbecomeeasyformicrocomputerownerstousehugemainframedatabases.

　　3.ItisimpliedintheParagraph3thatmostcomputercriminalsaretheemployeesoftheconcernedcompanies.

　　4.Manycompaniesdon'treportcomputercrimesbecauselawproceduresagainstcomputercrimesusuallycostalotofmoney.

　　5.Whencomputercrimetakesplaceinaroomfilledwithpeople,thereareusuallymanywitnessestothecrime.

　　6.ThepassageismainlyabouttheincreaseofcomputercrimesinAmericaandthedifficultiesincombatingcomputercrimes.

　　7.Computercrimesareontherisebecausemorecheapmicrocomputersareavailable.

　　8.Accordingtothepassage,computercrimeshasbeenontheriseforthelastyears.

　　9.ConnecticutGeneralLifeInsurancecompanyiscitedasofcompaniesthattookseriousmeasurestofightagainstcomputercrimes.

　　10.Banks,creditcardcompanies,andinvestmentfirmsareespeciallysensitiveaboutrevealingtheirvulnerabilitiesbecausetheyplacetoomuchrelianceon.

1.N该句句意为:

美国联邦调查局确切知道计算机犯罪造成了多大损失。

本题解题依据为本文第二段“EventheFBI,whichattempts……isinvolved”，该句大意为:

尽管FBI致力于对各种犯罪的上升和下降有清晰认识，但并不能精确说明损失多大，所以与原文之意不合。

　　2.Y该句句意为:

计算机拥有者很容易利用大量计算机数据库，本题解题依据为第二段最后一段话“……theeasyaccessofmicrocomputerstohugemainframedatabases.”与原文之义吻合。

　　3.Y该句句意为:

本文第三段暗示大多数利用计算机犯罪者是相关公司雇员。

本题解题依据为文章第三段最后一句话，其大意为:

现实情况表明很可能是该公司雇员内部人员……,与原文所述之义吻合。

　　4.N该句句意为:

许多公司不举报计算机犯罪是因为法律诉讼通常花费很多钱。

解题依据为本文第九段第一和第二句话，他们不举报是害怕公众发现其计算机系统的弱点而对其丧失信心。

据此可确定与原文所述不符。

　　5.N该句句意为:

当计算机犯罪发生在人多的房间里时，通常有很多证人指证犯罪。

本题解题依据为本文第六段第一句话，该句大意为:

即使计算机犯罪发生在满是人的房间里，通常也无证人。

据此可知该句所述之义与原文不符。

　　6.Y该句句意为:

本篇文章主要是关于计算机犯罪的增长及与之作斗争的困难性，通览全文，尤其根据小标题的提示,我们不难看出文章主要论述了计算机犯罪与日俱增及难于发觉和阻止等诸方面的原因，即文章的中心思想，与原文所述主旨吻合。

　　7.NG该句句意为:

计算机犯罪上升是因为有更多便宜的计算机。

本文第二段用a，b，c列出了计算机犯罪增加的三大原因，其中并未提及计算机便宜这一点。

　　8.twelve答案依据为第二段第一句话。

　　9.anexample“……becitedasanexample”,表示“引用……来作为一个例证”答案依据为文章最后一段第二句话。

但原文没有直接照抄的语言，只能根据理解完成此空。

　　10.customertrust答案依据为本文第九段最后一句话。

Passage2

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequickly

　　Forquestions1-7,mark

　　Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

　　N（forNO）ifhestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

　　NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage;

　　Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

　　TheftDeterrentSystem

　　Todeterthevehicletheft,thesystemisdesignedtogiveanalarmandkeeptheenginefrombeingstartedifanyofthefront,slidingandbackdoorsandhoodisforciblyunlockedorthebatteryterminalisdisconnectedandthenreconnectedwhenthevehicleislocked.

　　Thealarmblowsthehornintermittentlyandflashestheheadlights,taillightsandotherexteriorlights.Theenginecannotbestartedbecausethestartercircuitwillbecut.

　　SETTINGTHESYSTEM

　　1.Turntheignitionkeytothe“LOCK”positionandremoveit.

　　2.Haveallpassengersgetoutofthevehicle.

　　3.Closeandlockthefront,slidingandbackdoorsandhood.

　　Theindicatorlightwillcomeonwhenthefront,slidingandbackdoorsandhoodareclosedandlocked.

　　Asthefrontdoorsarelocked,thesystemwillgiveyouapreparationtimeof30secondsbeforethesetting,duringwhichthefront,slidingandbackdoorsandhoodmaybeopenedtoprepareforthesetting.

　　Becarefulnottousethekeywhenopeningeitherfrontdoor.Thiswillcancelthesystem.

　　4.Aftermakingsuretheindicatorlightstartsflashing,youmayleavethevehicle.

　　Thesystemwillautomaticallybesetafterthepreparationtimeelapses.Theindicatorlightwillflashtoshowthesystemisset.Ifanyofthefront,slidingandbackdoorsandhoodisopenedatthattime,thesettingisinterrupteduntilitisclosedandlocked.

　　Neverleaveanyoneinthevehiclewhenyousetthesystem,becauseunlockingfromtheinsidewillactivate（使启动）thesystem.

　　WHENTHESYSTEMISSET

　　Activatingthesystem

　　Thesystemwillgivethealarmandcutthestartercircuitunderthefollowingconditions:

　　Ifanyofthefront,slidingandbackdoorsandhoodisunlockedwithoutusingthekey.

　　Ifthebatteryterminalisdisconnectedandthenreconnected.

　　Afteroneminute,thealarmwillautomaticallystopwiththestartercircuitcutkepton.

　　Reactivatingthealarm

　　Onceset,thesystemautomaticallyresetsthealarmeachtimethefront,slidingandbackdoorsandhoodareclosedafterthealarmstops.

　　Thealarmwillbeactivatedagainunderthefollowingconditions:

　　Ifanyofthefront,slidingandbackdoorsandhoodisopened.

　　Ifthebatteryterminalisdisconnectedandthenreconnected.

　　Stoppingthealarm

　　Turntheignitionkeyfromthe“LOCK”to“ACC”position.Thealarmwillbestoppedwiththestartercircuitcutkepton.Stoppingthealarminthismann