Unit 6 How America Lives Language Work 词汇.docx

Unit 6 How America Lives Language Work 词汇.docx

《Unit 6 How America Lives Language Work 词汇.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Unit 6 How America Lives Language Work 词汇.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

Unit6HowAmericaLivesLanguageWork词汇

Unit6

HowAmericaLives

LanguageWork

Paragraph1

“Inatimeofrapidchangeitisessentialthatwerememberhowmuchoftheoldweclingto.”

Paraphrase:

Inatimeofquicktransformationitisnecessaryforustorememberhowmanyoftheoldwayswestilladhereto.

cling（on）tosb.orsth.:

toholdontightlytosb.orsth.;beunwillingtoabandonitorrefusetogiveitup;becomeattachedtoitorsticktoit

e.g.Therescuerssawthesurvivorsclingingtoaraft.

Sheclungtothehopethathewasstillalive.

Don'tclingtothecurbwhenyouaredriving.

“Theybelongtochurches,eventhoughtheyattendsomewhatlessfrequently,andtheywanttheirchildrentohavereligiousinstruction.”

Paraphrase:

TheybelongtoparticulargroupsofChristians,eventhoughtheyattendreligiousservicesabitlessoften,andtheywanttheirchildrentoreceivereligiousinstruction.

Paragraph2

“Americansseemtobegrowingconservative.”

Paraphrase:

Americansseemtobeincreasinglyopposedtogreatorsuddenchanges.

conservativeadj.infavorofpreservingthestatusquoandtraditionalvaluesandcustoms,andagainstabruptchanges

e.g.HemadeaconservativeguessofthefloatingpopulationinShanghai.

Isittruethatoldpeopleareusuallymoreconservativethantheyoung?

“The1980election,especiallyfortheSenateandHouseofRepresentatives,signaledadecidedturntotherightinsofaraspoliticalandsocialattitudeswereconcerned.”

Paraphrase:

The1980election,especiallyfortheSenateandHouseofRepresentatives,indicatedadefinitechangetotherightintermsofthevoters'politicalandsocialattitudes.

theSenate:

theupperhouseofthelaw-makingassemblyinsomecountries,e.g.France,theUSA,andAustralia

theHouseofRepresentatives:

theassemblyofelectedrepresentativesinthecentralgovernmentoftheUSA,AustraliaandNewZealand

“Itisasifourcountryspentthe1960sand1970sjealouslybreakingoutofoldrestraintsandnowwishestoputthebrakeson,ascautiouspeopleoftendoafterabinge.”

Paraphrase:

Itseemsasthoughduringthe1960sand1970sweAmericansmadeboldeffortstoescapefromoldrestrictionsandnowintendtoputanendtoit,justascautiouspeopleoftendoafterexcessiveindulgence.

jealouslyadv.watchfully,carefully

e.g.Thepublishinghouseisjealouslyprotectiveofthecopyrightofallitsbooks.

restraintn.restriction,sth.thatchecksorcontrols

e.g.Isharplyfeeltherestraintsofalimitedincomeonthefamilybudget.

Theyimposedrestraintsonwagesettlements.

braken.adeviceforreducingthespeedoforstoppingacar,bicycle,train,etc.;（fig.）restraintonsth.

e.g.Hisbrakesfailedonasteephill.

TheGovernmentisdeterminedtoputabrakeonpublicspending.

Ignoranceactsasabraketoprogress.

bingen.（infml）timeofwildeatinganddrinking;excessiveindulgenceinanything

e.g.Hewentonathree-daybinge.

Businesssloweddownafteraweek-longshoppingbinge.

“Weshouldexpecttoseeareaffirmationoftraditionalfamilyvalues,sharprestraintsonpornography,areturntoreligionandarejectionofcertainkindsofsociallegislation.”

Paraphrase:

Wehopeandfeelconfidentthattraditionalfamilyvalueswillbereaffirmedandpornographyrigorouslyrestricted,thatthosewhohaveabandonedreligionwillcomebacktoit,andthatsomekindsofsociallegislationwillbeturneddown.

reaffirmationn.anactofstatingsth.positivelyagain

e.g.HisreaffirmationofloyaltyimpressedtheQueen.

Hisreaffirmationthathewasreadytohelptouchedourhearts.

Thegovernment'sreaffirmationofitsprinciplescausedstrongresponsesfromallthedevelopingcountries.

pornographyn.describingorshowingsexualactsinordertoarousesexualdesires;books,films,plays,etc.thatdothis.

e.g.Manypeoplestronglybelievethatpornographyisdehumanizing.

Thegovernmentlaunchedaprohibitioncampaignagainstpornography.

legislationn.actionofmakinglaws;thelawsmade.

e.g.Legislationwillbedifficultandtaketime.

Legislationisessentialineverycountry.

ThemajorfunctionofCongressislegislation.

Paragraph3

“Patternsofcourtshipandmarriagehavechangedradically.”

Paraphrase:

Peoplehavethoroughlychangedthewaysinwhichtheydateandmarry.

patternn.thewayinwhichsth.happens,moves,developsorisarranged;excellentexample

e.g.Suchbehaviorpatternsarenottobeimitated.

Thesesentenceshavethesamegrammaticalpattern.

Thecompany'sprofit-sharingschemesetapatternforothers.

courtshipn.spendingtimetogetherwithaviewtomarriage;theperiodofromanticrelationshipbeforemarriage

e.g.Theymarriedafterabriefcourtship.

Theirlongcourtshipendedinfailure.

“Wheresexwasconcerned,Iwasraisedinanatmosphereofsuspicion,repressionandPuritanism,andalthoughhuskyyoungkidscansurvivealmostanything,manyinmygenerationsufferedgrievously.”

Paraphrase:

Withregardtosex,Iwasbroughtupinanenvironmentwheresuspicion,repressionandPuritanismdominated.Althoughstoutly-builtyoungpeoplecanendurealmostanything,manypeopleinmygenerationhadawfulexperiences.

repressionn.restrainingorsuppressing;beingrestrainedorsuppressed;actionofforcingdesiresandurges,esp.thoseinconflictwithacceptedstandardsofconduct,intotheunconsciousmind,oftenresultinginabnormalbehavior

e.g.Hischildhoodwascharacterizedbyrepressionandsolitude.

Theyheldadiscussionaboutunhealthysexualrepression.

Puritanismn.practicesandbeliefsofaPuritan,apersonwhoisextremelystrictinmoralsandwhotendstoregardpleasureassinful

e.g.PuritansstrictlypracticePuritanism.

Puritanismisnotverypopularnowadays.

huskyadj.bigandstrong;dryinthethroat,soundingslightlyhoarse

e.g.Thosebasketballplayersareallhuskyyoungmen.

Ourteacherisstillabithuskyafterhisbadcold.

“Withoutreservation,Iapplaudthefreerpatternsoftoday,althoughIbelievethatit'sbeingdifficultforsomefamiliestohandlethechanges.”

Paraphrase:

Ifullypraiseorapproveofthelessrigidpatternsofcourtshipandmarriagetoday,despitethefactthat,inmyopinion,somefamiliesarefindingitveryhardtocopewiththesechanges.

Paragraph3

“ThirtyyearsagoIcouldnothaveimaginedagroupofwomenemployeessuingamajorcorporationformillionsofdollarsofsalarywhich,theyalleged,hadbeendeniedthembecausetheyhadbeendiscriminatedagainst.”

Paraphrase:

Thirtyyearsago,itwouldbesimplyunimaginablethatacontingentofwomenemployeesshouldsueamajorcompanyformillionsofdollarsofsalarywhichwastheirduebutwasdeniedthembythecorporationjustbecausetheywerethe"weakersex".

suevt.makealegalclaim（againstsb.）

e.g.Thebosswassuedforbreachingthecontract.

Themanissuingforadivorce.

allegevt.statesth.asafactwithoutproof;givesth.asanargumentorexcuse

e.g.Theprisonerallegedthathewasathomeonthenightofthecrime.

Heallegedillnessasthereasonforhisabsence.

“NorcouldIhaveimaginedwomeninuniversitiesgoinguptothemenwhorantheathleticprogramsanddemandingajustshareofthephysicaleducationbudget.”

Paraphrase:

NorcouldIhaveacceptedthefactthatuniversitywomenshouldgouptothemeninchargeofthesportsplans,andaskforanequalshareoftheamountofmoneyallottedfortheirphysicaleducation.

athleticadj.ofathletesorathletics;physicallystrong,healthyandactive

e.g.Heoftengoestoanathleticclub.

Hehasanathleticfigure.

Shelooksveryathletic.

budgetn.anestimateorplanofhowmoneywillbespentoveraperiodoftime,inrelationtotheamountofmoneyavailable;amountofmoneyneededorallottedforaspecificpurpose

e.g.Icouldnotgototherestaurantwithyoubecauseofmytightbudget.

Shelimitsherselftoadailybudgetoftenpounds.

Afamilyonabudgetcannotaffordmeateveryday.

“whorecognizethejusticeoftheirclaims”

Paraphrase:

whoadmitthattheirclaimsarejustified.

Paragraph3

“IfIhadachildtoday,Iwouldsendherorhimtoaprivateschoolforthesakeofsafety,forthedisciplinethatwouldbeenforcedandfortherigorousacademicrequirements.”

Paraphrase:

ShouldIhaveachildofschoolagetoday,Iwouldhavehimorherreceiveeducationataprivateschool,wheresecurityforkidsisguaranteed,disciplineisenforced,andstrictscholasticexpectationsareplacedonthem.

Note:

Itisnecessarytonotethatthissentenceisinthesubjunctivemood.ThesentencetellsusindirectlythatAmericanprivateschoolsaresafe,theyimposestrictdisciplineontheirpupils,andthattheysetrigorousacademicdemandsonthem.Therefore,wereaderscouldnaturallycometotheconclusionthatAmericanpublicschoolsarenotverysafe,theydonotimposestrictdiscipline,andthattheyhavenorigorousacademicrequirements.

rigorousadj.verystrict;strictlyaccurateordetailed

e.g.Shedidnotreceiveanyrigoroustraininginathletics,butshegotaprizeatthesportsmeet.

Youmustmakearigorousanalysisofthetextbeforeyoucantranslateitwell.

“ButIwoulddoubtthatthechildwouldgetanybettereducationthanIdidinmygoodpublicschool.”

Explanation:

ThissentenceimpliesthattheauthorismorethancertainthatevenprivateschoolsinAmericatodaydonotprovideanybettereducationthanthegoodpublicschoolwherehereceivededucation.Inotherwords,theauthorbelievesthatevenprivateschoolsinAmericatodaycannotbecomparedwithgoodpublicschoolsinthepastintermsoftheeducationquality.

“Theproblemisthatgoodpublicschoolsarebecoming