Day 8 阅读理解8说明文.docx

Day 8 阅读理解8说明文.docx

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Day8阅读理解8说明文

Day8阅读理解（8）（说明文）

Passage1

文体：

说明文词数：

368限时：

7分钟

Sixteen-year-oldKarlosDearman’sfutureislookingmuchbrighterthanhemightpreviouslyhaveimagined.“Ilovebikes,butI’veneverthoughtI’dendupwithworkingwiththem，”hesays.“Thisprogramhaschangedmylife.”

Karlosislearningtorefurbish（翻新）oldbicyclesintheworkshop（车间）ofReCycleBikes,anindependentnon-profitbikeprojectinSheffield.Itprovidestrainingchancesforyoungpeopleaged14to16withthehelpofthelocalgovernment,particularlythosestrugglinginmainstreameducationorrejectedfromschool.

“It’saboutengagingyoungpeoplewitheducationandyouthtrainingbyteachingthemworkandlifeskills，”explainsDesPearce,workshoptrainingmanager.“Theseyoungpeoplehavesomuchpotential,butoftendon’trealizeit.”

Foundedin2001,ReCycleBikesrepairsbicyclesdonatedbythepublic,whicharesoldfor￡20afterrefurbished.Abandonedbikessuppliedbythegovernmentmakesureasteadyflowofbikes,butarecentlyformedpartnershipwithSheffieldUniversityshouldimprovethefurtherdevelopment.

“Thestudentpopulationpresentsalargeandreadymarket，”saysPearce.“Soweapproachedtheuniversitylastyearandofferedtohostbikesalesonthecampus（校园）.Theythoughtitwasagreatidea,andagreedtoprovideuswithmoresupport.Thismeanswecantrainyoungpeopletorepairextra500bikesoverthreeyears.”

HavingsetupReCycleBikesonhisown,Pearcenowhasthestaffandresourcestotracktheprofessiondevelopmentofthosewhohavepassedthroughhisworkshop.“Butweareplanningexitinterviewswiththeyoungpeopletomakesurewhattheyplantodo,andthesewillallowustocheckontheirprogress，”saysPearce.

Thatmostoftheteenagersenjoytheworkis,accordingtoPearce,easilyexplained.“Mostkidshaveriddenabikeandknowhowtooilachainormendaflattyre.Aslow-costtransport,cyclinggivestheyoungandoldasenseoffreedomandindependence,andtheeffectontheirwell-beingisbig.Addthattoagrowingconcernfortheenvironment,andit’snosurprisethatbikesalesareontheincrease.”

1.Fromthepassage,weknowReCycleBikes______.

A.isapopularbrandofbikes

B.providestrainingchancesforyoungpeople

C.isatrainingprojectofferedbythegovernment

D.aimsatmakingmoneybysellingrefurbishedbicycles

2.HowdidReCycleBikesrunatthebeginning?

A.ByworkingtogetherwithSheffieldUniversity.

B.Bysellingbicyclessuppliedbythegovernment.

C.Bygettingmoneyfromteenagersagedbetween14and16.

D.Byrepairingbicyclesdonatedbythepublicandsellingthem.

3.ReCycleBikeshasformedapartnershipwithSheffieldUniversitybecause______.

A.studentsatSheffieldUniversitycanbetheirpotentialcustomers

B.SheffieldUniversitydonatesalotofmoneytoReCycleBikes

C.teenagersatReCycleBikescanstudyatSheffieldUniversity

D.SheffieldUniversityofferstohostbikesalesonthecampus

4.AccordingtoPearce,whydomostoftheteenagersenjoythework?

A.They’dliketochangetheirlives.

B.Theywanttolearnhowtorepairbikes.

C.Theydon’thaveenoughmoneytobuycars.

D.Theyarefamiliarwithbikesandinterestedinthem.

Passage2

文体：

说明文词数：

332限时：

7分钟

Asthesayinggoes,manstrugglesupward；waterflowsdownward.Waterrunsdownhillfrommountaintopstostreams,rivers,andoceans.Butitisn’ttheonlywaythatwatermoves.Anewstudymeasureshowwatertravelsfromcountrytocountryforhumanconsumption.Thisflowisn’tthetypeweusuallythinkabout.Thesescientistslookedatthewaterusedtogrowandmaketheproductswhichgetshippedfromnationtonationasimportsorexports.Theycallthisaflowof“virtualwater（虚拟水）”.

Wetypicallythinkaboutwaterastheliquidthatflowsfromatap.However,92％ofthewaterusedbypeoplegoesintogrowingcrops,accordingtowaterresearcherArjenHoekstra.Herecentlystudiedthehiddentravelsofvirtualwaterusedinproductsmadefromthingslikecropsandmeats.Theseproductsareshippedaroundtheworld.

Forexample,considerasugarysoftdrink.Hoekstraestimatedthattoproduceonehalf-literofthedrinkrequiresbetween170and310litersofthewater—about95％isusedtogrowandprocesstheingredients（原料）.Another4％goesintothepackagingandlabeling.InHoekstra’scalculation,whenonecountryproducesahalf-literofsodaandsellsitabroad,thevirtualwateritexportswouldfillalargerefrigerator.

AccordingtoHoekstra’snewreport,drycountrieslikeIsraelandKuwait,bothintheMiddleEast,getthemajorityoftheirvirtualwaterfromothercountries,throughimportedproducts.Moresurprisingly,somewettercountries,liketheNetherlandsandtheUnitedKingdom,alsogetthemajorityoftheirvirtualwaterfromotherplaces.Thatmeansthatmostofthewaterusedtogroworproducetheproductsandfoodconsumedinthosecountriescamefromothercountries.IntheUnitedStatesmostofthevirtualwaterusedcomesfromAmericansources.InChinaevenlessofthewaterisassociatedwithitsproducts.

1.TheexampleofasugarysoftdrinkinParagraph3isgiventoshow______.

A.howdrinksareshipped

B.howvirtualwaterisexported

C.howvirtualwaterisused

D.howdrinksaremade

2.Inwhichcountriesdoesmostpartofvirtualwatercomefromoutside?

A.KuwaitandtheNetherlands.

B.ChinaandtheUnitedKingdom.

C.AmericaandtheNetherlands.

D.IsraelandAmerica.

3.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.CropsandVirtualWater

B.Water’sWorldwideTravels

C.BenefitsofVirtualWater

D.ImportandExportofWater

4.Thepassageismostprobablyfroma______.

A.sciencenewsreport

B.sciencefictionstory

C.newspaperadvertisement

D.bookreview

Passage3

文体：

说明文词数：

356限时：

7分钟

Cookingprogramsandclassesforchildrenseemtopositivelyinfluencechildren’sfoodpreferencesandbehaviors,accordingtoarecentreview.And,althoughthereviewdidn’tlookatlong-termeffectsofsuchprograms,thefindingssuggestthatsuchprogramsmighthelpchildrendeveloplong-lastinghealthyhabits.

Thisresearchcomesatatimewhenchildhoodobesity（肥胖）rateshavebeenrisingrapidly.Morethanone-thirdofadolescentsintheUnitedStateswereobesein2012,accordingtotheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention（CDC）.Thistrendhasbeencaused,atleastinpart,byasignificantdecreaseintheamountofmealsthatpeopleconsumeathomesincethe1980s,accordingtobackgroundinformationinthestudy.

Cookingeducationprograms,suchasFoodExplorers,teachchildrenaboutnewhealthyfoodsandhowtopreparethem.Theyalsostresstheimportanceofeatingfivefruitsandvegetableseveryday.Avolunteerparentexplainsanewfoodtothegroup,andthekidsmakesomethingbasedonthelesson,suchasfruitorvegetablesalad.Dependingontheprogram,kidsmaybesenthomewithinformationabouthealthyfoodstobringtotheirparents,thereviewexplained.

Thestudyteamreviewedeightotherstudiesthattesteddifferenttypesofcookingeducationprograms.Childrenintheseclasseswerebetween5and12yearsold,accordingtothereview.Thegoalofthestudyteamwastolearnmoreaboutdevelopinganefficientprogramtoencouragehealthyfoodchoicesthatlastalifetime.Thestudyfoundthatitisparticularlyimportanttoexposekidstohealthyfoodsonanumberofoccasions.Thismakesthemfeelcomfortablewiththenewfoods,whichhelpsthembuildhealthyhabits.

Thestudystressedtheimportanceofgettingparentsinvolvedintheirchildren’seatinghabits.Parentswhoareunabletoenrolltheirkidsinacookingclasscanachievesimilarbenefitsbyhavingtheirkidshelpthemwhiletheypreparemealsathome.Childrenaremorecomfortableathome,whichmakesthemmorereceptivetonewfoodsbecausetheywillmaketheconnectiontoapositiveexperience.

1.Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?

A.Eatingoutfrequentlycausesobesity.

B.Childhoodobesityistotallycausedbyeatinghabit.

C.Childhoodobesityrateshavebeenrisingrapidlysince2012

D.Foodconsumptionhasdecreasedsignificantlysincethe1980s.

2.Oncookingeducationprograms,______.

A.childrenlearnhowtopreparefoodsfromtheirparents

B.childrenwilllearnhowtocookinthecompanyoftheirparents

C.childrenmaylearninformationunknowntotheirparents

D.childrenfocusmoreoncookingskillsthanoninformationabouthealthyfoods

3.Whichofthefollowingcategoriesdoesthispassagebelongto?

A.EducationSystems.

B.ScienceandTechnology.

C.Parent-childRelationship.

D.PublicHealthResearch.

4.Thepurposeofthepassageis______.

A.toinformthereader

B.toentertainthereader

C.todiscusswiththereader

D.towarnthereader

答案及解析

Passage1

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了ReCycleBikes机构以及它给予青少年的帮助。

1.B【解析】细节理解题。

根据第二段第二句Itprovidestrainingchancesforyoungpeopleaged14to16…可知，ReCycleBikes为14到16岁的年轻人提供培训机会。

故选B项。

2.D【解析】细节理解题。

根据第四段第一句Foundedin2001，ReCycleBikesrepairsbicyclesdonatedbythepublic，whicharesoldfor￡20afterrefurbished.可知，ReCycleBikes最初是通过修理公众捐赠的旧自行车，翻新后卖出获得运营经费的。

故选D项。

3.A【解析】推理判断题。

根据第五段第一句中Thestudentpopulationpresentsalargeandreadymarket…可知，大学生群体是一个很大的潜在消费市场。

由此可推断ReCycleBikes与谢菲尔德大学合作的目的是在校园出售价格优惠的自行车。

故选A项。

4.D【解析】推理判断题。

根据最后一段可知，大部分孩子都骑过自行车，而且知道怎么给车链子上油以及怎么打气，且骑自行车可以给人独立自由的感觉。

由此可推断青少年喜欢这份工作是因为他们熟悉自行车而且对自行车感兴趣。

Passage2

【语篇导读】本文是一篇科学小品文。

地球上除了自然界中存在的流动水之外，农作物、肉类、软饮料等所用的虚拟水也占据着“流转中的水”的较大部分。

本文主要介绍了地球上的虚拟水及其在全世界的流通。

1.C【解析】推理判断题。

文章第三段中结合含糖软饮料的实例，说明虚拟水是如何消耗用水的。

2.A【解析】细节理解题。

从第四段的介绍可知，科威特、以色列、荷兰与英国的虚拟水大部分依靠从其他国家进口。

3.B【解析】主旨大意题。

根据文章第一段第四句Anewstudymeasureshowwatertravelsfromcountrytocountryforhumanconsumption.及接下来的具体介绍可知，文章主要介绍了虚拟水，并列举实例介绍虚拟水在全世界的流通。

故B项最能