高考英语总复习习题选修八题组提分练41.docx
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高考英语总复习习题选修八题组提分练41
题组提分练四十一
限时35分钟 见学生用书P388
加黑体小题训练说明文和议论文
阅读理解A 体裁:
说明文 话题:
文学与艺术 难度:
★★☆☆☆
PlaysareanimportantpartofBritishculture.TheWestEndtheatredistrictinLondonisthebestplacetowatchaprofessionalplay,butactingalsotakesplaceineveryschoolandvillagehallacrossthecountry.
Thereareover2,500nonprofessionaldramagroupsintheUKtodayandtheyareanactivepartofcommunitylife.Peoplefromallwalksoflifetakeonactingrolesinadditiontotheirregularjobs.Theydoitforfun,fortheloveofactingandasawaytomeetnewpeople.
Noteveryoneinadramaclubisaskilledactor,butenthusiasmisconsideredtobemoreimportantthantalent.Friends,familymembersandneighboursenjoygettingtogethertowatchthefinalperformanceandtellingthepeopletheyknowto“breakaleg(走运)”.It'sagreatwayofbringingcommunitiestogether.Also,inmanyruralpartsofBritain,nonprofessionaltheatreistheonlychancepeoplehavetoseeplaysformilesaround.
Manypeoplegetatasteforactingatschool.Everyschoolputsonaplayatleastonceperyear,usuallyatChristmas,andparentslovecomingtowatchtheirchildrenperform.AnyBritishpersonsurelyhashappymemoriesofbeingintheirschool'sChristmasplay,whethertheyplayedtheroleofMaryorJosephorperhapsevenasheeporadonkey.
AnotherChristmastheatretraditionisthepantomimes(舞剧),whichareatypeofmusicalcomedyforfamilies.Theaudienceisencouragedtoparticipateintheperformance—singingalongwiththemusicandshoutingtotheactors.Pantomimesarereallyfuntowatch,especiallyforchildren.
Britishpeoplelovegoingtothetheatre,professionalornot,andmanyofthemalsoenjoyperforming.Ifyouhavethechance,goandseeaplayintheUK.
【语篇解读】 文章介绍了英国的非专业戏剧的表演的情况。
1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.ReasonswhyBritishpeopleloveplays.
B.TheoriginoftheatretraditionsintheUK.
C.RulesfortheatregoerstofollowintheUK.
D.ThepopularityofnonprofessionalplaysintheUK.
答案与解析 D 主旨大意题。
文章主要介绍了英国的非专业的戏剧表演的情况,故D项正确。
2.Whatmattersmostforanactorinadramaclub,accordingtothepassage?
A.Talent.
B.Enthusiasm.
C.Professionaltraining.
D.Supportfromfamily.
答案与解析 B 细节理解题。
从文中第三段中的“Noteveryoneinadramaclubisaskilledactor,butenthusiasmisconsideredtobemoreimportantthantalent”可知在戏剧俱乐部中,演员的热情远比才华重要。
C和D文中没有提到。
3.Accordingtothepassage,whatisspecialaboutpantomimes?
答案与解析 C 推理判断题。
从倒数第二段中的“Theaudienceisencouragedtoparticipateintheperformance—singingalongwiththemusicandshoutingtotheactors”可知C正确“观众们能在舞剧里和演员互动”。
词汇微存 ①popularityn.普及;流行;②professionaladj.专业的
阅读技巧21 说明文解题技巧
从文体方面讲,说明文介绍了事件的过程、步骤、特征和方法等,通常会按照一定的时间、空间或逻辑顺序将它们呈现出来;说明的方法上,作者常常会运用举例、对比、列数字、下定义等写作手法。
这样,有关说明文体裁的命题也具有明显的文体特征,命题者通常会坚持主旨
大意和细节理解为主、推理判断和词义猜测为辅的原则。
①略读:
通过略读,领略内容大意,帮助理解,为细读做准备。
寻找主题句,获取大意,找出每段的主题;②跳读:
寻找所需信息,如年代、数字、人名、地名等,把握
住关键词,语法过渡词、语气转折词及时态等,抓住文章脉络;③细读:
分段细读,注意细节及语言结构,抓住关键信息,解析文章结构的内在联系,帮助深化理解。
阅读理解B (2018·咸宁联考) 体裁:
说明文 话题:
个人情感 难度:
★★★☆☆
HereareDr.Hartmann'stoptipsforhowtocontrolemotionssuccessfully—yes,youcanlearntocontrolyouremotionsandmasteryouremotions,it'snotevendifficult—youjustneedtoknowhow.
Thefirststeptocontrolanythingatallisnottobeafraidofit.Understandthatemotionsaresimplyfeedbackdevicesthatletyouknowhowyourenergysystemisdoing.Emotionscanhurt.Onceyouknowemotionsforwhattheyare,simplefeedbackdevices,youcanstopbeingafraidofyouremotionsandtakeatotallydifferentwaytocontrolthem.(了解情绪,即可控制)
Insteadofignoringtheseemotionsinthebody,starttolearnwhenandhowithappensthatyoustarttofeeltight,hot,tremblingandsoon.Payattentiontothesignalsfromyourbodythatarethebademotions.Findoutwhereyourworstplacesareandwhereyoufeelmostofyouremotions—forsomepeopleit'sinthehead,othersfeelmostoftheiremotionsintheirthroat,heart,chestorstomach.(提出3条控制情绪的建议)
Thestrongertheenergybodyis,themoreitcankeepawayfromtriggers(诱因)thatcausepainfulemotions.Makesureyoueatwell,sleepwellandexercise;buttheenergybodyalsoneedsotherenergyformstoremainhealthy.Attentionenergyisthemostpowerful.Getpeopletopayattentiontoyou.Besides,theunconditionalattentionfromanimalsandyoungchildren,forexample,canbeextremelyhealing.Toformyourenergyimmune(免疫的)system,whynotstartnow?
Thenexttimeyouhaveanemotionyouwanttocontrol,sitdown,takeadeepbreathandaskyourself,“WheredoIfeelthisemotioninmybody?
”Payattentionanddon'tgiveuptooeasily.Evenifitfeelsatfirstthattheemotionis“everywhere”youcanaskyourself,“OK,soit'severywhere—butwhereisitworstofall?
Whereisthecenter?
”
【语篇解读】 文章介绍了驾驭情绪的方法。
4.Ifapersonknowswhatemotionsare,hecan________.
A.becomeanexpert
B.treathisdisease
C.helpothersliveabetterlife
D.controlhisemotionssuccessfully
答案与解析 D 细节理解题。
根据第二段尤其是最后一句可知,如果一个人能真正了解情绪的内涵,他就能很好地驾驭情绪。
5.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthordisagreewith?
A.Learningwhenandhowemotionshappen.
B.Takingcareofthesignalsfromyourbody.
C.Ignoringtheseemotionsinthebody.
D.Findingoutwhereyourworstplacesareandwhereyoufeelmostofyouremotions.
答案与解析 C 细节理解题。
分析第三段可知,A、B、D三项都是作者建议了解情绪爆发的时间、方式,注意情绪发生的信号,以及弄清身体哪些部位容易诱导自己的情绪,C项指忽略身体诱发的情绪,显然不符。
6.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?
A.Justeatwellandsleepwell.
B.Builduptheemotionalimmunesystem.
C.Getmorepeopletopayattention.
D.Playmorewithkidsandanimals.
答案与解析 B 主旨大意题。
分析第四段尤其是最后一句可知,本段主要建议读者要构建免疫系统。
7.InParagraph5,theauthorwarnsthereaders________.
A.tositdown
B.tobreathedeeply
C.nevertogiveupearly
D.toaskthemselvesattimes
答案与解析 C 细节理解题。
分析最后一段可知,作者告诫读者要坚持,不要过早放弃。
阅读理解C (2018·赣州联考) 体裁:
议论文 话题:
社会 难度:
★★★☆☆
Somepeoplearesorude!
Whosendsanemailoratextmessagethatjustsays“Thankyou”?
Wholeavesavoicemailmessageratherthantextsyou?
WhoasksforafacteasilyfoundonGoogle?
Don'tthesepeoplerealizethatthey'rewastingyourtime?
MaybeI'mtherudeonefornotappreciatinglife'slittlepoliteness.Butmanysocialagreedstandardsjustdon'tmakesensetopeopledrowningindigitalcommunication.
Intexts,youdon'thavetodeclarewhoyouareorevensayhello.Email,too,isslowerthanatext.Voicemailisanowimpolitewayoftryingtoconnect.
Myfatherlearnedthislessonafterleavingmeadozenvoicemailmessages,noneofwhichIlistenedto.Exasperated,_hecalledmysistertoexpresshisdissatisfactionthatIneverreturnedhisphonecalls.“Whyareyouleavinghimvoicemail?
”mysisterasked.“Justtexthim.”
Intheageofthesmartphone,thereisnoreasontoaskonceacceptablequestionsabout:
theweatherforecast,abusiness'sphonenumber,ordirectionstoahouse,arestaurant,whichcanbeeasilyfoundonGoogleMaps.Butpeoplestillaskthesethings.Andwhenyouanswer,theyrespondwithathankyouemail.
Howtohandlethesedifferingstandards?
Easy.Consideryouraudience.Somepeople,especiallyolderones,appreciateathankyoumessage.Others,likeme,wantnoreply.
Theanthropologist(人类学家)MargaretMeadoncesaidthatintraditionalsocieties,theyounglearnfromtheold.Butinmodernsocieties,theoldcanalsolearnfromtheyoung.Here'shopingthatpolitenessnevergoesoutoffashionbutthattimewastingformsofcommunicationdo.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文,主要讨论了如今在智能手机时代,人们应该选择何种方式进行沟通。
8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Exasperated”meaninthefifthparagraph?
A.Worried.B.Surprised.
C.Annoyed.D.Tired.
答案与解析 C 词义猜测题。
根据第五段第二句中的“hecalledmysistertoexpresshisdissatisfactionthatIneverreturnedhisphonecalls”可知,作者的父亲对作者不给自己回电话很不满,由此可推知exasperated意思是“恼怒的;生气的”,故选C。
9.Whydidn'tthewriterreplytohisfather?
A.Helikedtextmessagesbetter.
B.Heenjoyedcheckinghisvoicemail.
C.Hedidn'treceiveanyvoicemailmessages.
D.Hedidn'twanttotalkwithhisfather.
答案与解析 A 推理判断题。
根据第五段中的“‘Whyareyouleavinghimvoicemail?
’mysisterasked.‘Justtexthim.’”可推知,作者不喜欢用语音信箱,更偏爱发短信,故选A。
10.Whichofthefollowingdoesthewriteragreeto?
A.Peopleneedn'tlearnfromoneanotherintraditionalsocieties.
B.Dealingwithvoicemailshouldvarywitheachindividual.
C.Peopleneedn'tturntoGoogleforhelpwhenintrouble.
D.Declaringwhoyouareorsayinghellointextsisnecessary.
答案与解析 B 推理判断题。
根据第七段的内容可推知,标准是变化的,处理方式应该因人而异,而不是一刀切,语音信箱的使用亦是如此,故选B。
词汇微存 ①standardn.标准;②makesense有意义
阅读技巧22 议论文解题技巧
每一篇议论文都有一个论点,这个论点就是文章的主题思想,而且在体现文章论点的重要段落也都有自己的主题思想。
在做议论文文体中的主旨类试题时,一定要弄清楚作者的态度、观点和主张,这些体现论点的信息通常会出现在文首和文尾,有时需要运用归纳的方法得出文章的论点。
阅读七选五 (2018·安康质检) 体裁:
说明文 话题:
健康 难度:
★★☆☆☆
HowtoTeachKidsaboutHealthyEating
Itcanbeachallengetogetyourkidstomakewiserchoicesinthefoodstheyeat,whenjunkfoodsandfastfoodsaresopopularandreadilyavailable.Herearesometips.
__1__Ifkidsbecomeusedtohealthy,nutritioussnacksanddrinkswhentheyarebabies,theywillbemorelikelytomakewisechoicesaboutwhattheyeatastheygetolder.
Encourageyourkidstohelpyouplanhealthyfamilymeals.Sitwiththemandaskthemtowritedownortellyousomeideasofnutritiousmealseverybodycanenjoytogether.__2__(with与together强调参与,即involved)
Letyourkidsaccompanyyougroceryshopping.__3__Askthemtocheckfoodlabelstomakesuretheyhavenutritionalvalue.Givingkidsthiskindofresponsibilitywillmakethemmoreawareofhowimportantitistomakesmartdietarychoices.
Findwaystomakehealthyversionsoffoodskidslike.Tofindideasforhealthyfoods,visityourlocallibraryandcheckoutthebook“DeceptivelyDelicious—GetYourKidsEatingGoodFood”byJessicaSeinfeld.__4__
A.Preparemoreof