英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保试题有答案和解析及解析.docx

英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保试题有答案和解析及解析.docx

《英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保试题有答案和解析及解析.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保试题有答案和解析及解析.docx（20页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保试题有答案和解析及解析

（英语）高考英语阅读理解（科普环保）试题（有答案和解析）及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

   Throughoutmuchofhumanhistory,manhasbeenthemeasureofmany,ifnotall,things.Lengthsweredividedupintofeetandsmallerunitsfromthehumanhand.Othermeasureswereequallycharacteristic.Mediterraneantradersforcenturiesusedtheweightofgrainsofwheattodefine（定义）theirunitsofmass.TheRomansusedlibra,forerunnerofthepound,byreferringtotheweightofacarob（角豆树）seed.

   Thesizesofsimilarlynamedunitscouldalsodiffer.Theking'sfoot,usedinFrancefornearly1,000yearsafteritsintroductionbyCharlemagneinaround790AD,was,at32.5cm,aroundacentimetershorterthantheBelgicfoot,usedinEnglanduntil1300.Greek,EgyptianandBabylonianversionsofwaterinafixedcontainervariedfromoneanotherbyafewkilos,Norwasthereagreementonsuchthingswithincountries.InFrance,wheretherewasnounified（统一的）measurementsystematthenationallevel,thesituationwasparticularlyterrible.Thelieue（formermeasureofdistance）,forexample,variedfromjustover3kminthenorthtonearly6kminthesouth.

   AlthoughJohnWilkins,anEnglishman,firstputforwardadecimalsystem（十进制）ofmeasurementin1668,itwastheFrenchwhoin1799madeitlaw.TheSystèmeInternationald'Unités（SI,orthemetricsystem,asitisbetterknown）developedfromitandbecametheofficialmeasurementinallcountriesexceptMyanmar,LiberiaandtheUnitedStates.NowtheInternationalBureauofWeightsandMeasuresinParisissettogivethemetricsystemitsbiggestshake-upyet.

   AtameetinginVersailles,France,onNovember16th,2018,theworld'smeasurementbodiesarealmostcertaintoapproveadecisionthatwillmeanfouroutofthesevenbaseSIunits,includingthekilogram,willfollowtheotherthree,includingthemetre,inbeingredefinedintermsofthevaluesofphysicalconstants（物理常数）.Eachofthechosenconstantshasbeenmeasuredincrediblyprecisely,whichwouldmeanthatfromMay20th2019theconstantswillthemselvesbefixedattheircurrentvaluesforever.Anylaboratoryintheworldwillthenbeabletomeasure,forexample,themassofanobjectaspreciselyastheaccuracyoftheirequipmentwillallow.

（1）WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytellus?

A.Poundwentbeforelibrainmeasurement.

B.Differentthingsusedtobeadoptedasmeasures.

C.GrainswereacceptedasmeasuresbytheRomans.

D.Fixedmeasurementsystemsweregraduallyformed.

（2）Howdoestheauthordevelopthesecondparagraph?

A.Intimeorder.

B.Byanalysis.

C.Inspaceorder.

D.Bycomparison.

（3）WhichofthefollowingcountriesusedSIasanofficialmeasurement?

A.France.

B.Liberia.

C.America.

D.Myanmar.

（4）Whatwilltheworld'smeasurementbodiesachieveatthemeetingheldinVersailles?

A.TheywillcomeupwithsevennewSIunits.

B.TheywillsetMay20thasanewinternationalfestival.

C.TheywillredefinefourSIunitsincludingthekilogram.

D.Theywilldecideonanewmeasureusedinthelaboratory.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）D

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，法国凡尔赛宫举办的国际计量大会，将对目前使用的国际单位制中的四个基本单位进行重新定义，其中包括对千克的重新定义。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“manhasbeenthemeasureofmany,ifnotall,things”以及下文提到的用作计量单位的手、脚、谷物重量和参考角豆种子重量的磅可知，本段主要讲述了不同的东西被用作计量单位。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Theking'sfoot...aroundacentimetreshorterthantheBelgicfoot”和“Greek,EgyptianandBabylonianversionsofwaterinafixedcontainervariedfromoneanotherbyafewkilos,以及Thelieue（formermeasureofdistance）,forexample,variedfromjustover3kminthenorthtonearly6kminthesouth”可推知，本段作者主要运用了对比的写作方法，把同一计量单位在不同国家之间或者在同一国家不同区域间的差异进行了说明。

故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“itwastheFrenchwhoin1799madeitlaw和TheSystèmeInternationald'Unités（SI,orthemetricsystem,asitisbetterknown）developedfromitandbecametheofficialmeasurementinallcountriesexceptMyanmar,LiberiaandtheUnitedStates”可知，在所给出的四个国家中，只有法国采用国际单位制（SI）。

国际单位制是现时世界上最普遍采用的标准度量衡单位系统，采用十进制进位系统。

故选A。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“AtameetinginVersailles,France,onNovember16th,2018,theworld'smeasurementbodiesarealmostcertaintoapproveadecisionthatwillmeanfouroutofthesevenbaseSIunits...willfollowtheotherthree...inbeingredefinedintermsofthevaluesofphysicalconstants”可知，在法国凡尔赛宫召开的会议上，七个基本计量单位中的四个将被重新定义，其中包括对千克的重新定义。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读理解

   Researchershavefoundbeescandobasicmathematics,inadiscoverythatdeepensourunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenbrainsizeandbrainpower.Recently,AstudyconductedbyresearchersfromRMITUniversityinMelbourne,Australiashowedthatbeescouldperformarithmeticoperationslikeadditionandsubtraction（减法）.

   Solvingmathproblemsrequiresacomplexlevelofinvolvingthementalmanagementofnumbers,long-termrulesandshort-termworkingmemory.ThefindingthateventhetinybrainofahoneybeecangraspbasicmathematicaloperationshasapossibleeffectonthefuturedevelopmentofArtificialIntelligence,particularlyinimprovingrapidlearning.

   RMIT'sProfessorAdrianDyersaidnumerical（数字的）operationslikeadditionandsubtractionarecomplexbecausetheyrequiretwolevelsofprocessing.“Youneedtobeabletoholdtherulesaroundaddingandsubtractinginyourlong-termmemory,whilementallyusingskillfullyasetofgivennumbersinyourshort-termmemory,”Dyersaid.“Ontopofthis,ourbeesalsousedtheirshort-termmemoriestosolvearithmeticproblems,astheylearnedtorecognizeplusorminusasabstractconcepts.”

   Thefindingssuggestthatadvancednumericalcognition（认知）maybefoundmuchmorewidelyinnatureamongnon-humananimalsthanpreviouslysuspected.

   “Ifmathdoesn'trequireamassivebrain,theremightalsobenewwaysforustoincludeinteractionsofbothlong-termrulesandworkingmemoryindesignstoimproverapidAIlearningofnewproblems,”saidDyer.

   Manyspeciescanunderstandthedifferencebetweenquantitiesandusethistosearchforfood,makedecisionsandsolveproblems.Butnumericalcognition,suchasexactnumberandarithmeticoperations,requiresamorecomplexlevelofprocessing.

   Previousstudieshaveshownsomeprimates（灵长目动物）,birds,babiesandevenspiderscanaddand/orsubtract.Thenewresearch,publishedinScienceAdvances,addsbeestothatlist.

（1）WhathavetheresearchersfromRMITUniversitydiscovered?

A. Therelationshipbetweenbrainsizeandbrainpower.

B. Long-termrulesandshorttermworkingmemory.

C. Beescanperformcomplexarithmeticoperations.

D. Beescandobasicmathematics.

（2）AccordingtoAdrianDyer,bees'numericalcognition________.

A. requiresadditionandsubtractiontwocomplexprocessing

B. hasapossibleeffectonthefuturedevelopmentofAI

C. onlyinvolvestheirshort-termworkingmemory

D. callsforalotofmathsknowledge

（3）Whatdoesthefindingofthenewresearchsuggest?

A. Beescanrecogizetheexactnumber.

B. Arithmeticoperationsexistinhumanandbees.

C. Numericalcognitionhasbeenfoundinmanymorespecies.

D. Someprimates,birdsandevenspiderscanaddandsubstract.

（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A. ADiscoveryAbouttheTinyBrainofBees

B. NewFindingsAboutBeesHavingNumericalCogintion

C. NumericalCognitionRequiresaComplexLevelofProcessing

D. TheRelationshipBetweenBrainSizeandBrainPower

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，RMIT大学的研究人员发现了蜜蜂能做基本的数学。

此前的研究表明，一些灵长类动物、鸟类、婴儿甚至蜘蛛都可以加减法。

发表在《科学进展》（ScienceAdvances）杂志上的这项新研究将蜜蜂也列入了这一名单。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Australiashowedthatbeescouldperformarithmeticoperationslikeadditionandsubtraction（减法）.”澳大利亚证明蜜蜂可以做加法和减法等算术运算。

”可知，RMIT大学的 研究人员发现了蜜蜂能做基本的数学。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“Ifmathdoesn'trequireamassivebrain,theremightalsobenewwaysforustoincludeinteractionsofbothlong-termrulesandworkingmemoryindesignstoimproverapidAIlearningofnewproblems,”如果数学不需要一个巨大的大脑，那么在设计中，我们也可能有新的方法来包括长期规则和工作记忆的互动，从而提高人工智能对新问题的快速学习，可知，AdrianDyer认为，蜜蜂的数字认知对人工智能的未来发展可能有影响。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“Manyspeciescanunderstandthedifferencebetweenquantitiesandusethistosearchforfood,makedecisionsandsolveproblems.Butnumericalcognition,suchasexactnumberandarithmeticoperations,requiresamorecomplexlevelofprocessing.”许多物种都能理解数量之间的差异，并以此来寻找食物、做出决定和解决问题。

但是数字认知，比如精确的数字和算术运算，需要更复杂的处理。

可知，新研究的发现说明了在更多的物种中发现了数字认知。

故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据最后一段中的“Previousstudieshaveshownsomeprimates（灵长目动物）,birds,babiesandevenspiderscanaddand/orsubtract.Thenewresearch,publishedinScienceAdvances,addsbeestothatlist.”此前的研究表明，一些灵长类动物、鸟类、婴儿甚至蜘蛛都可以加减法。

发表在《科学进展》（ScienceAdvances）杂志上的这项新研究将蜜蜂也列入了这一名单。

”故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读理解

   Slowlybutsurely

 we'removingcloserandcloserto5Gworld.Fromsmart-homesecuritytoself-drivingcars,alltheinternet-connecteddevicesinyourlifewillbeabletotalktoeachotheratlightning-fastspeedswithreduceddelay,Objectivelyspeaking,thefastest4GdownloadspeedsintheU.S.topoutatanaverageof19.42Mbps.Butbycomparison5Gpromisesgigabit（千兆）speeds.

   “5Gisoneofthosesigns,alongwithartificialintelligence,ofthiscomingdataage,”saidSteveKoenig,seniordirectorofmarketresearchfortheConsumerTechnologyAssociation.“Theself-drivingvehicleisagreatemblemofthisdataage,andthatistosay,itisasignoftime,becausewithonesingletask,driving,youhavemassiveamountsofdatacomingfromthevehicleitself,andavarietyofsensorsarecollectingalotofinformationtomodelitsenvironmentasitmoves.It'spullingindatafromothervehiclesabou