浅析中美家庭教育的差异.docx

浅析中美家庭教育的差异.docx

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浅析中美家庭教育的差异

Re:

What'sthedifferencesbetweenChinesemarriageandwesternmarriage?

AlthoughtheChineseingeneralareBuddhists,theyadheretotheWesternChristianweddingritual,usingthesameclothesandthesameceremony,mainlytoshowtheyhavemoney（ortopretendhavingmoney）.

Thedifferences:

1.Chineseweddingceremoniesendwithfireworks.

2.Chineseweddingsgatherpeopleforabanquetaftertheceremony,usuallyonarestaurant.Westerncouplesinvitepeopletotheirhome.

3.TheChinesebrideandgroomareusuallychosenbytheirparents;iftheydisobeytheirparents'wish,theycanbesocialoutcasts,losetheirjobsandsoon.MarriageinChinaisthusmoreofasocialcontractbetweenfamiliesthanabindingoflove.ThisisonereasontowhyoutofwedlockrelationsaresocommoninChina.AnditisalsoareasontowhyChinesegirlslookforalaowai.NotethatchildrenbornoutofwedlockhavenorightsinChina;norighttogotoschool,norighttomedicalcareandsoon;thisiswhatthe5000yearoldculturesoproudlycall人情味...

4.Thecoupleskeeptheirnames,whileWesterncouplestakeacommonname,traditionallytheman'sname.AchildofaChinesecoupletakethefather'sname.Couplesingeneralwishforason,becauseofthebackwardtraditionsstillhavingatightgriponthepopulation.Iftheydon'tgetason,thewifemaybecastigated,thedaughtermightbesold（orkilled）orotherwisehavingabadlife.Ifacouplegetsasonandadaughter,thesongetseverything（house,educationandsoon）,whilethedaughterislefttolookforarichhusband.

TheancientChinesemarriageissimple:

twopeoplekneeldowntogetherandtheyaremarried.

浅析中美家庭教育的差异

AnAnalysisoftheDifferencesofFamilyEducationBetweenChinaandAmerica

Abstract

Childrenarethehopeofanation,andfamilyeducationistheelementaryeducationforchildren.Manyseriousproblemshaveappearedinoureducationsysteminrecentyears.Almosteveryonehasrealizedtheimportanceofsolvingtheseproblemsandmanypeoplehavepresentedalotofvaluablesuggestions.Therearemanytypesoffamilyeducationintheworldandeachofthemshowsdistinctivefeaturesandiscloselyresponsivetoitsculture.AndAmericanfamilyeducationisthemostfamousoneamongthem.Therearegreatdifferencesintheconceptsofeducation,methodsofeducationandresultsofeducationbetweenAmericanfamilyeducationandChinesefamilyeducation.Thispaperwillanalyzethosedifferencesfromthethreeaspects,andwillmainlyanalyzeofthedifferencesoncultivatingchildren’sindependence,interests,creativity,psychologicalhealth,fameandtherelationshipwiththeirparentsbetweenthetwokindsoffamilyeducation.TheauthorhopestofindasatisfiedfamilyeducationmethodthroughcomparingthedifferencesbetweenAmericanfamilyeducationandChinesefamilyeducation.Atthesametime,theauthorhopesthispapercanprovidesomehelpfulsuggestionsforfamilyeducation.

KeyWords

Familyeducation;independence;interest;differences

摘　要

儿童是一个国家的希望，家庭教育是儿童教育的基础。

近年来，我们的教育出了很多严重的问题。

几乎每一个人都认识到了解决这些问题的重要性，并提出了很多有价值的见解。

世界上有很多类型的家庭教育，并且各自都有其鲜明和独特的特点，反映了其独特的文化。

而这些类型的家庭教育中，尤其以美国的家庭教育最能代表西方主流文化。

中美家庭教育在育儿观、教育方式和教育结果方面都有所不同。

本文将从这三方面来对比中美家庭教育，重点分析两种教育方式在培养孩子的独立性、兴趣、创造力、心理健康、名利观以及与父母关系方面的差异。

通过比较中美家庭教育，作者希望能找到一种比较科学优良的家庭教育方式，进而为我们的家庭教育提供有利的帮助。

关键词

家庭教育；独立性；兴趣；差异

Introduction

“Childrenaretheexpectationoftheirparentsandthehopeofanation.Familyeducationisnotonlyanimportantcomponentofeducationbutalsothefirstlessontoachild,whichwillberememberedforever.”（ZhaoZhongxin,P1,1991）Familyeducationhasadirectinfluenceonthequalitiesoftalents.Inthe21stcentury,internationalcompetitionisbecomingfiercer.Anditisacompetitionfortalentsfundamentally.Thus,eachcountryshouldpaymoreattentiontofamilyeducationintheeducationprojects.Theissuehasbeenbecomingahottopicinourcountry,anditarousedgreatconcernofourgovernmentandallwalksofsociety,inparticulartheeducationsector.However,manypeoplethinkthatschoolsanduniversitieshavethemainresponsibilityfortheseproblemswhichappearedineducationinrecentyears.Schoolsanduniversitiesaretobeblamed,buttheirparentsaremoretobeblamed.“Iftheloveofthegood,thebeautyandthetruthhadbeenimplantedproperlyintheirmindinearlyyears,iftheyhadbeentrainedtousetheirmindsattheverybeginning,theywouldnotlivesofoolishly.”（KarlWeter.P5,2002）Inordertofindabetterwaytoeducateourchildren,weshouldstudyothercountries’experiences.Therearemanytypesoffamilyeducationintheworld,andAmericanfamilyeducationisthemostfamousone.SoitisnecessaryandsignificanttomakeacomparisonofthedifferencesoffamilyeducationbetweenAmericaandChina.ThispaperistocomparingChinesefamilyeducationandAmericanfamilyeducationsuperficially,whichmayoffersomelessonstofamilyeducation.

I.TwoConceptionsofFamilyEducation

A.AmericanFamilyEducation

InAmerica,parents’aimsaretotraintheirchildrentohavetheabilityofadaptingtoenvironmentalvarietyandtheabilityoflivingindependently.Basedonthisconcept,mostAmericanparentsemphasizemoretotraintheirchildren’sabilityofindependenceoncetheyareborn.Theygenerallybelievethatchildren’sgrowthmustrelyontheirownexperiences,becausetheythinkthatchildrenshouldformaself-supportingwillandthecapacitytoliveindependentlysincetheirchildhood.Andthecapacitycomesfromthetrainingintheearlyage.Theso-calledtrainingcontainsmanyaspects,suchaswork,temperwill,patience,thespiritofhardwork,etc.However,themostfundamentaltrainingistheabilityofadaptingtohardconditions.Throughtheprocessofwork,childrenwillformthelaborsense,learnsomeworkskillsandformahabitoflabor.Besides,childrencanlearnhowtoovercomedifficulties,tempertheirwillpower,developtheirtalentsandskills,richtheirknowledge,andformahabitofhardworkandthriftybyworkinginhardconditions.Itisjustintheunconsciouslyprocessthatchildrenwillobtaintheindependentsurvivabilityandtaketheresponsibilitiesforthesociety.

B.ChineseFamilyEducation

ComparedwithAmerican,Chineseparentshaveaverydifferentconceptofchildren’seducation.SomeparentsinChinaonlycareaboutwhetherthechildrenhaveapromisingfuture,agoodjob,agoodlifeornot.Basedontheseexpectations,themajorityofparentsfeelthattheirresponsibilityfortheirchildrenistocreateasgoodconditionsaspossibletheycansothatthechildrenwillnotworryaboutanythinginthefuture.

Chineseparentswouldliketoprovideeverythingwhattheycanfortheirchildrenintheprocessofchildren’sgrowth.Inshort,theywouldliketosacrificeanythingiftheirchildrencanlivebetterwiththeirhelp.Therefore,intheprocessofchildren’sgrowth,themostimportantthingtheparentsconcerningistodevelopingtheirchildren’sintellect,exceptforcaringchildren’sdailylife.Inordertomaketheirchildrenhaveagoodperformanceinstudy,becomeoutstanding,orevenbecomeafamouspersoninthefuture,theywouldnotletchildrendoanythingexceptstudying.Asforthechildren’sindependence,civicawarenessandtheirabilityadaptingtothesocietyinthefuture,theyconsiderlittleornotatall.FromtheseaspectswecanfindtheobviousdifferencesoffamilyeducationbetweenAmericaandChina.

II.TwoDifferentKindsofWaysofFamilyEducation.

A.DifferencesinCultivationofChildren’sIndependence

Becauseofafundamentaldifferenceonparentalconcept,therearetwocompletelydifferentwaysoncultivatingtheirownchildren’sindependence.

1. TheCultivationofChildren’sIndependenceinAmerica

Firstandforemost,ChinesefamilyeducationandAmericanfamilyeducationvaryintheattitudetowardsindependence.MostAmericanparentsthinkthatthechildisanindependentindividualsinceheisborn,whohashisownwillingandcharacteristic.Neithertheparentsnorteachershaveprioritiestodetermineandrestricttheirchildren’sbehaviors. TheDeclarationofIndependencesays:

“Allthepeoplearebornequally;theyareendowedwithholyrightsincludinglife,freedomandpursuitofhappiness."（HuangShaoxiang，P12,1979）Inordertoletthechildrenrecognizethattheyarethemastersofthemselves,Americanparentswillgivetheirchildrenenoughfreedomandwillnotmakedecisionsfortheminmostcases.Americanparentswillingtorespectandunderstandtheirchildren’sfeelings,thus,theyalwaysthinkcarefullyabouttheirwordsandchoosetheappropriatetimetoeducatetheirchildren.Thefamousbasketballstar,MichaelJordanoncesaid,“Iadmitthatourchildrenwillinheritsomegoodtraditions,butIdon'tthinkweshouldmakerulestoteachthemwhattheycando,becauseIthinkeveniftheydo,theywillnotbehappy.（）HiswordsmayrepresentthethoughtsandattitudeofmostAmericanpeopleinfamilyeducation.

Inordertocultivatethechildren’sabilitytoenjoyindependentlife,Americanparentstakethemeasuresasfollows.Firstly,theytrytogivethemenoughopportunitiesandconditionswhichallowthemtobefullytrainedinvarioussettingssincetheywereborn.Thecommonwaytheparentsusedistoletthechildrendosomeself-serviceworkaccordingtochildren’sabilityindifferentages,becausethismethodwilldeveloptheirchildren’sloveofworkingandtalents.Forexample,“Therearethreechildren,whichareprimaryschoolstudents,inanAmericanfamily.Allofthemhavetheirownrolesandabilities.The12-year-oldgirlcuredallkindsofdelicioussnakesaccordingtodiffe