beowulf贝奥武甫.pptx

beowulf贝奥武甫.pptx

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ChapterI,TheAnglo-SaxonPeriod（449-1066）,Celts（Britons）不列颠人RomanConquest罗马人征服（55BC-78AD-410AD）EnglishConquest英国人征服（5thcn-7thcn:

abandofTeutons:

Angles,Saxons,JutesAnglo-SaxonPeriod）DanishConquest丹麦人征服（8th-11th:

Vikings）,HistoricalBackground,LiteraryBackgroundCelticlanguage凯尔特语,Latin（Christianity:

Romancivilization）Anglo-Saxon/Saxon盎格鲁-撒克逊语OldEnglishKingAlfredtheGreat,Literature:

twodivisions,Pagan:

poetryAnglo-SaxonspoetryintheformoforalsagasChristian:

underteachingofthemonks,Caedmon:

凯德蒙latterhalfofthe7thcn.Cynewulf:

基涅武甫religioussubjects,Representativeworks,Widsith/TheTravellersSong远行客TheSeafarer航海者,Beowulf贝奥武甫,I.GeneralIntroduction,A.importanceEnglandsnationalepicthegreatestofGermanicepicsintheEnglishlanguage3.theoldestsurvivingepicinEnglishliterature4.afabulousstartingpointofEnglishliterature,Epic:

alongnarrativepoemaboutthedeedsofoneormoreheroesoranationspasthistory,usu.inagrandceremoniousstyle.Mostepicsdealwiththeexploitsofasingleindividualandalsointerlacethemainnarrativewithmyths,legends,folktalesandpastevents.e.g.:

HomersIlliad&Odyssey伊利亚特奥德赛VigilsAeneid埃涅阿斯纪JohnMiltonsParadiseLost失乐园,Epic史诗（inverse）,Primitiveepic/folkepic（oforaltradition,notwrittendown）e.g.HomersIlliad,OdysseyBeowulfTheSongofRoland罗兰之歌,Literaryepic/artepic（iscomposedwithpenandink）e.g.VigilsAeneidJohnMiltonsParadiseLost,Epic史诗（inprose）,Monkepic:

滑稽史诗funnyuseoftheelaborateconventionsofepice.g:

AlexanderPopesTheRapeoftheLock卷发遇劫记,e.g.:

TolstoysWarandPeaceJamesJoycesUlyssesSteinbecksTheGrapesofWrath,B.thewriteroriginatingfromthecollectiveeffortsoforalliteratureandthenwrittenbyanunknownthescribeC.thetimewritten：

atthebeginningof10thcenturyD.thetimediscoverednotdiscovereduntil1705（theonlyexistingmanuscript）,E.theeventitwasaboutandthetimecomposedmuchearlierreflectedeventsaboutthebeginningof6thcenturywhentheforefathersoftheJuteslivedinthesouthernpartoftheScandinavianpeninsulaF.language：

OldEnglishG.aboutwhohero:

Beowulf,oneofthenationalheroesoftheEnglishpeople/agreatScandinavianwarriorofthe6thcentury,H.thesubjectmatterthewholesongisessentiallypaganinspiritandsubjectmatterthecontentsItisaboutthedeeds/adventuresoftheTeutonicheroBeowulf3182lines2parts（pagan）+aninterpolation（clearlymadebytheChristiancopier）betweenthetwo,II.SubjectMatter,2parts:

prologue:

theearlierhistoryoftheDanesPartI:

thefightagainstGrendelandthenGrendelsmotherPartII,thefightagainsttheDragon,III.TheStoryofBeowulf,AbriefintroductionHrothgar,kingoftheDanesHeorot,thegreathall,feast,annoysGrendelGrendel,ahalf-humanmonster,fromthemoorsmingles30warriors,12years,noonedarestoenterthehallBeowulf,ayoungman,nephewofHygelac,kingoftheGeats,apeopleinJutland,Denmark,+14companionsafeastofwelcome,lieinthehallforthenight,Grendelcomes,seizesanddevoursoneofBeowulfsmen,thenattacksBeowulfBeowulf,nosword,grapplesingle-handedearthquake,strengthof30people,tearsoffonearmandoneshoulderGrendel,mortallywounded,rushesoutfeastinthehall,Beowulfgoestothepalace,thenextnight,themotherofGrendel,avenges,takesthedearestfriendofHrothgarBeuwolffollowsthebloodytrail,plungesintothewaterforaday,findstheshe-monster,fights,cutsofftheheadofhers,findsthebodyofGrendel,cutsoffitshead,returns,feast,sailshome,becomesking,50yearslater,subjectsstoletreasurefromacavern,firedrake,guardfor300yearsthefiredrakeenraged,firewithWiglaf,slewthefiredrake,mortallywounded,happytoseethetreasureforhispeopledied,bonfireandwascremated,asheswiththetreasure,tremendousmound,beacon,toservehispeopleafterdeath,IV.ArtisticFeaturesofBeowulf,BeowulfrepresentsthehighestachievementoftheOldEnglish.Themoststriking/distinctfeatureinitspoeticalformistheextensiveuseofalliteration.Inalliterativeverse,certainaccentedwordsinalinebeginwiththesameconsonantsound.Therearegenerally4accentsinaline,threeofwhichshowalliteration,BeowulfrepresentsthehighestachievementoftheOldEnglish.Themoststriking/distinctfeatureinitspoeticalformistheextensiveuseofalliteration.Inalliterativeverse,certainaccentedwordsinalinebeginwiththesameconsonantsound.Therearegenerally4accentsinaline,threeofwhichshowalliterationThusmadetheirmourningthemenofGeatland,Fortheirherospassing,hishearth-companions,AnotherfeatureofBeowulfistheuseofelidedmetaphors/kenning.“Ring-giver”isusedforking,“hearth-companions”forhisattendantwarriors,“swansbath”or“whalesroad”forsea,“sea-wood”forship;suchmetaphorsoccuringreatnumbers,Afurtherstylisticdevicewhichshouldbenotedistheuseofrepetitionandvariation.Thesameideaisexpressedmorethanoncebytheuseofdifferentwordswhicharemoreorlesssynonyms.,Understatementcanalsobefoundtogiveanimpressionofreserveandattimesatingeofironicalhumor,whichisoftenregardedasacharacteristicoftheEnglishlanguage.Suchphrasesas“nottroublesome”for“welcome”,“neednotpraise”for“arighttocondemn”areexamplesofunderstatements.,V.Spiritualqualitiesreflected,LikeHomerspoetry,Beowulfsingsoftheexcitingadventuresofagreatlegendaryherowhosephysicalstrengthdemonstrateshishighspiritualqualities,i.e.hisresolutiontoservehiscountryandkinsfolk,histruecourage,courteousconduct,andhisloveofhonor.Inthepoem,Beowulfisstrong,courageous,andselfless,readytoriskhislifeinordertoridhispeopleofevilmonster.,