计算机本科毕设的外文翻译.docx

计算机本科毕设的外文翻译.docx

《计算机本科毕设的外文翻译.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《计算机本科毕设的外文翻译.docx（18页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

计算机本科毕设的外文翻译

附录

原文：

WindowsManagementInstrumentation

WindowsManagementInstrumentation（WMI）（orWindowsManagementInterface）isasetofextensionstotheWindowsDriverModelthatprovidesanoperatingsysteminterfacethroughwhichinstrumentedcomponentsprovideinformationandnotification.WMIisMicrosoft'simplementationoftheWeb-BasedEnterpriseManagement（WBEM）andCommonInformationModel（CIM）standardsfromtheDistributedManagementTaskForce（DMTF）.

WMIallowsscriptinglanguageslikeVBScriptorWindowsPowerShelltomanageMicrosoftWindowspersonalcomputersandservers,bothlocallyandremotely.WMIispreinstalledinWindows2000andnewerOSs.ItisavailableasadownloadforWindowsNT,Windows95andWindows98.

1PurposeofWMI

ThepurposeofWMIistodefineanon-proprietarysetofenvironment-independentspecificationswhichallowmanagementinformationtobesharedbetweenmanagementapplications.WMIprescribesenterprisemanagementstandardsandrelatedtechnologiesthatworkwithexistingmanagementstandards,suchasDesktopManagementInterface（DMI）andSNMP.WMIcomplementstheseotherstandardsbyprovidingauniformmodel.Thismodelrepresentsthemanagedenvironmentthroughwhichmanagementdatafromanysourcecanbeaccessedinacommonway.

2Overview

Inordertounifythemanagementtechniquesforthesakeofsimplicity,theDMTFdefinedCIMtorepresentreal-worldmanageableentitiesinaunifiedway.TheCIMobjectmodelisanobjectdatabasemodelusingtermsandsemanticsthatareuniquetoallconstructorsandsoftwaredevelopers.ThisobjectmodelisimplementedinadatabasecalledtheCIMrepository.

BasedontheCIMmodel,WMIincludesreal-worldmanageablecomponents,availablefromtheDMTFstandardswithsomespecificextensionsthatrepresentthevariousWindowscomponents.Moreover,WMIexposesacollectionof

COM-scriptableobjectsthatallowvariousapplicationstotakeadvantageofthemanagementinformation.

Aspartoftheinstallationprocess,mostoftheMicrosoftapplicationsavailabletoday（e.g.SQLServer,ExchangeServer,MicrosoftOffice,InternetExplorer,HostIntegrationServer,AutomatedDeploymentServices）extendthestandardCIMobjectmodeltoaddtherepresentationoftheirmanageableentitiesintheCIMrepository.ThisrepresentationiscalledaWMIclass,anditexposesinformationthroughpropertiesandallowstheexecutionofsomeactionsviamethods.Theaccesstothemanageableentitiesismadeviaasoftwarecomponent,calleda“provider”whichissimplyaDLLimplementingaCOMobjectwritteninC/C++.Becauseaproviderisdesignedtoaccesssomespecificmanagementinformation,theCIMrepositoryisalsologicallydividedintoseveralareascallednamespaces.Eachnamespacecontainsasetofproviderswiththeirrelatedclassesspecifictoamanagementarea（i.e.RootDirectoryDAPforActiveDirectory,RootSNMPforSNMPinformationorRootMicrosoftIISv2forInternetInformationServicesinformation）.

TolocatethehugeamountofmanagementinformationavailablefromtheCIMrepository,WMIcomeswithaSQL-likelanguagecalledtheWMIQueryLanguage（WQL）.

3Developmentprocess

BecauseWMIabstractsthemanageableentitieswithCIMandacollectionofproviders,thedevelopmentofaproviderimpliesseveralsteps.Themajorstepscanbesummarizedasfollows:

Step1–Createthemanageableentitymodel

Defineamodel

Implementthemodel

Step2–CreatetheWMIProvider

Determinestheprovidertypetoimplement

Determinesthehostingmodeloftheprovider

CreatetheprovidertemplatewiththeATLwizard

Implementthecodelogicintheprovider

RegistertheproviderwithWMIandthesystem

Step3–Testtheprovider

Step4–Createconsumersamplecode

4ImportanceofWMIproviders

SincethereleaseofthefirstWMIimplementationduringtheWindowsNT4.0SP4era（asanout-of-banddownload）,MicrosofthasconsistentlyaddedWMIproviderstoWindows.UnderWindowsNT4.0,Microsofthadroughly15WMIprovidersavailableonceWMIwasinstalled.WhenWindows2000wasreleased,therewere29WMIprovidersaspartoftheoperatingsysteminstallation.WiththereleaseofWindowsServer2003,Microsoftincludedintheplatformmorethan80WMIproviders.WindowsVistaincludes13newWMIproviders,[5]takingthenumberclosetoaround100inall,andWindowsServer2008includessomemoreincludingprovidersforIIS7,PowerShellandvirtualization.ThishasbeenasignformanycustomersthatWMIbecameatMicrosoft,the“ubiquitous”managementlayerofWindows,evenifthiscommitmenthasneverbeenexplicitfromMicrosoft..

Duringtheselastyears,duetoaconstantincreasingexposureofmanagementdatathroughWMIinWindows,moreandmorepeopleintheITsystemsmanagementfieldstartedtodevelopscriptsandautomationproceduresbasedonWMI.Beyondthescriptingneeds,mostleadingmanagementsoftwareintheworld,suchasMOM,SMS,ADS,HPOpenViewforWindows（HPOV）,BMCSoftwareorCA,Inc.areWMI-enabledandcapabletoconsumeandprovideWMIinformationthroughvariousUserInterfaces.Thisenablesadministratorsandoperators,notcapableofscriptingorprogrammingontopofWMI,toenjoythebenefitsofWMIwithoutevenlearningaboutit.However,iftheywantto,becauseWMIisscriptable,itgivesthemtheopportunitytoconsumeWMIinformationfromscriptsorfromanyEnterpriseManagementsoftwarethatisWMI-aware.

5Features

ForsomeonewillingtodeveloponeormanyWMIproviders,WMIoffersmanyfeaturesoutofthebox.Herearethemostimportantadvantages:

（1）Automationinterfaces:

BecauseWMIcomeswithasetofautomationinterfacesreadytouse,allmanagementfeaturessupportedbyaWMIprovideranditssetofclassesgetthescriptingsupportforfreeout-of-thebox.BeyondtheWMIclassdesignandtheproviderdevelopment,theMicrosoftdevelopmentandtestteamsarenotrequiredtocreate,validateandtestascriptingmodelasitisalreadyavailablefromWMI.

（2）.NETManagementinterfaces:

BecausetheSystem.Managementnamespace[6]reliesontheexistingCOM/DCOMplumbing,thecreatedWMIprovideranditssetofWMIclassesbecomesautomaticallyavailabletoall.NETapplicationsindependentlyofthelanguageused（e.g.C#,VB.NET）.BeyondtheWMIclassdesignandtheproviderdevelopment,likeforscripting,theMicrosoftdevelopmentandtestteamsarenotrequiredtocreate,validateandtestnewassembliestosupportanewnamespaceinthe.NETFrameworkasthissupportisalreadyavailablefromWMIforfree.

（3）C/C++COM/DCOMprogramminginterfaces:

LikemostcomponentsinWindows,COM/DCOMprogrammerscanleveragethefeaturesoftheprovidertheydevelopattheCOM/DCOMinterfaceslevel.Likeinpreviousenvironments（scriptingand.NETFramework）,aCOM/DCOMconsumerjustneedstointeractwiththestandardsetofWMICOMinterfacestoleveragetheWMIprovidercapabilitiesanditssetofsupportedWMIclasses.TomakeallmanagementinformationavailablefromthenativeAPIs,theWMIproviderdeveloperjustneedstointeractwithasetofpre-definedWMICOMinterfaces.ThiswillmakethemanagementinformationavailableattheWMICOMlevelautomatically.Moreover,thescriptingCOMinterfaceobjectmodelisverysimilartotheCOM/DCOMinterfaceobjectmodel,whichmakesiteasyfordeveloperstobefamiliarwiththescriptingexperience.

（4）RemotingcapabilitiesoverDCOMandSOAP:

MorethansimplyofferinglocalCOMcapabilities,asmanagementisallaboutremoting,WMIofferstheDCOMtransport.Inaddition,SOAPtransportwillbeavailableinWindowsServer2003R2throughtheWS-ManagementinitiativeleadbyMicrosoft,Intel,SunMicrosystemsandDell.ThisinitiativeallowstorunanyscriptsremotelyortoconsumeWMIdatathroughaspecificsetofinterfaceshandlingSOAPrequests/responses.TheadvantagefortheWMIproviderdeveloperisthatwhenheexposesallhisfeaturesthroughWMI,WindowsRemoteManagement/WS-Managementcaninturnconsumethatinformationaswell（embeddedobjectsinWMIinstancesarenotsupportedinWindowsServer2003R2.ItishoweveratargetforVista）.AllthelayeringtoWS-ManagementandthemappingoftheCIMdatamodeltoSOAPcomesforfreeoutoftheWMI/WS-Managementsolution.IntheeventDCOMmustbeused,implementingDCOMrequiresthepresenceofaproxyDLLdeployedoneachclientmachine.AsWMIisavailableintheWindowsoperatingsystemsinceWindows2000,theseissuesareeliminated.

（5）SupportforQueries:

WMIofferssupportforWQLqueriesoutofthebox.Thismeansthatifaproviderisnotdesignedtosupportqueries,WMIsupportsitbyusinganenumerationtechniqueoutoftheprovider.

（6）Eventingcapabilities:

WMIoffersthecapabilitytonotifyasubscriberforanyeventitisinterestedin.WMIusestheWMIQueryLanguage（WQL）tosubmitWQLeventqueriesanddefinesthetypeofeventstobereturned.Theeventingmechanism,withallrelatedcallbacks,ispartoftheWMICOM/DCOMandautomationinterfaces.AnyonewritingaWMIprovidercanhavethebenefitofthisfunctionalityatnocostforhiscustomers.ItwillbeuptotheconsumertodecidehowitwantstoconsumethemanagementinformationexposedbytheWMIprovideranditsrelatedsetofWMIclasses.

（7）Codetemplategenerator:

TospeeduptheprocessofwritingaWMIproviderincludingallCOM/DCOMinterfacesandrelateddefinitions,theWMIteamdevelopedtheWMIATLWizardtogeneratethecodetemplateimplementingaprovider.ThecodegeneratedisbasedontheWMIclassmodelinitiallydesignedbythedeveloper.TheWMIproviderdeveloperwillbeabletointerfacethepre-definedCOM/DCOMinterfacesfortheWMIproviderwithitssetofnativeAPIsretrievingthemanagementinformationtoexpose