宾语从句精品.docx
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宾语从句精品
Richorpoor,youngorold,weallhaveproblems.
unlesswedealwithourproblems,wecaneasilybecomeunhappy.
Worryingaboutourproblemscanaffect{howwedoatschool}.
Itcanalsoinfluencetheway{webehavewithourfamilies}.
Sohowdowedealwithourproblems?
Therearemanyways.
一.什么是宾语从句?
宾语从句就是一个句子做宾语,它可以作动词的宾语,也可以做介词的宾语
(1)作动词的宾语:
Iheardthathewouldcomeherelateron.
主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语
(2)作介词的宾语:
We aretalkingaboutwhobrokethewindowlastnight.
主语谓语动词介词 一个句子作介词的宾语
1.Whatishername?
(Idon’tknow)
2.WheredoesDoctorLiuLive?
(Doyouknow)
3.Whatdidheloseattherailwaystation?
(Wouldyoutellme)
4Whyisthecinemaclosed?
(Iwonder)
5Whendidtheaccidenthappen?
(Pleasegoandfindout)
2.宾语从句中引导词(连接词)
学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:
连接词、语序和时态。
引导词:
连词:
that(that常可省略),whether,if
代词:
who,whom,whose,what,which
副词:
when,where,how,why......等。
(1)连词:
that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)
Hetoldme(thathewould)gotothecollegethenextyear他告诉我他明年上大学.
后面可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:
say,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report等。
Theboybelievesthathewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets.
(2)连词:
由whether,if引导的宾语从句
当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。
如:
Idon'tknowif/whetherhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.不知道多年后他是否还在这
但在下列情况下只能用whether,不能用if:
①往往用whether+or或ornot,(if…ornot也可以使用)。
如:
Letmeknowwhether/ifhewillcomeornot.
(=Letmeknowwhetherornothewillcome)让我知道他是否能来。
Idon'tknowwhether/ifhedoesanywashingornot.
(=Idon'tknowwhetherornothedoesanywashing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
Iwonderwhetherwestayorwhetherwego.我不知道我们是去还是留。
Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.我不知道是否还会有公交车.
Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试.
②介词+whether。
如:
I'minterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
We'rethinkingaboutwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime.我们在考虑是否能完成这项工作。
③whethertodo。
如:
Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertovisittheoldman.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
]
④whether置于句首时,不能换用if。
如:
Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay.这是否真的我说不上来。
只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
1、if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”
Thestudentswillgoonapicnicifitissunny.
2、if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
HeaskedifIdidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.
3、引导状语从句evenif(即使)和asif(好象)
4、Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.
练习题
(1)Idon’tknow___________ornot.
A.whetherheisathomeB.ifheisathome
C.thatheisathomeD.whetherisheathome
(2)Thisdependson_________theweatherisfine.
A.whichB.whetherC.ifD.that
(3)Theteacheraskedthenewstudent________classhewasin.
A.whichB.whereC.IfD.that
(4)Idon’tknow________Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.He’llhelpuswithourEnglish.
A.whyB.whenC.howD.where
(5)---Becareful!
Don’tbreakthebottles.Doyouhear______Isaid?
David?
---Yes,Mum
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhyD.if
(6)---Doyouknow_______MrBlack’saddressis?
---HemayliveatNO.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.I’mnotsureof______.
A.where,whichB.where,whatC.what,whichD.what,where
(7)Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow_____.
A.whatshouldIchooseB.whichIshouldchoose
C.whichshouldIchooseD.whatIshouldchoose
(3)连接代词和连接副词
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的,宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
用于这种结构的动词常常是:
see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,findout,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,inform,advise等。
(1)连接代词:
who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?
ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsshouldknow.
Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?
(2)连接副词:
when,where,why,how,在句中担任状语的成分。
Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.
Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel?
Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.
三.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即:
连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。
Idon’tknowwhat/they/arelookingfor.
连接词从句主语从句谓语动词
Couldyoutellmewhenwillthetrainleave?
(请划出正确的从句语序)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1)Excuseme,sir.Couldyoutellme____?
A.WherethenearestbankisB.whereisthenearestbank
(2)Didyoufindout______?
A.shewaslookingforwhosechildB.whosechildwasshelookingfor
C.whosechildsheislookingforD.whosechildshewaslookingfor
(3)Areyouinterestedin_____?
A.howdidhedoitB.hedidithowC.howhediditD.hehowdidit
(4)Idon’tknow_____.Canyoutellme?
A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayers
C.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare
(5)---Whatdidthescientistsay?
---Hesaidhewonderedif_____intospacebyspaceshiponeday.
A.hehadtoflyB.hecouldflyC.canheflyD.couldhefly
四.宾语从句的时态
1、主句是现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
(主现从自定)
例句:
Theheadmastersaidthatthemeetinghasbeenverysuccessful.
2、主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的任何形式。
(主过从必过)
例句:
Shewassorrythatshehadn’tfinishedherworkontime.
3、当宾语从句表示一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
(一般现在时)
例句:
Theteachertoldhisclassthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.
练习题
(3)Theteachersaidthattheearth_______roundthesun.
A.goesB.goC.wentD.willgo
(4)We’dliketotellyouthatyou______theexam.
A.havepassedB.hadpassedC.PassD.willpass
(5)“Couldyoutellme______?
”“Yes.They____tothelibrary.”
A.wherearethetwins,havebeenB.wherewerethetwins,havebeen
C.wherethetwinsare,havegoneD,wherethetwinswere,havegone
(6)Ourfathersaidthathe______anewcomputernextweek.
A.willbuyB.haveboughtC.wouldbuyD.buys
(7)Ihearthathe______toBeijingyesterday.
A.goesB.willgoC.wentD.havegone
Exercises:
用所给的单词将下列句子连成一句
(3)6Whatforeignlanguagecanyouspeak?
(Iwanttoknow)
(4)7Whoseboxisitonthefloor?
(I’mnotsure)
(5)8Howmuchdidyoupayforthedictionary?
(Pleasetellme)
(6)9Sheisateacher.(Ihear)
(7)10DoesherauntliveinParis?
(I’mnotsure)
(8)11IsMrs.Leeintheclassroom?
(Iasked)
(9)12Whowillcometojoinus?
(Doyouknow)
(10)13Mysonishavingacold.(shesaid)
(11)Willitrainagaintomorrow?
(Idon’tknow)
宾语从句练习4
(12)Idon'tknow____hewillcometomorrow._____hecomes,I'lltellyou.
A.if;Whether B.whether;Whether C.if;That D.if;If
(13)Idon'tknow______thedayaftertomorrow.
A.whendoeshecome B.howwillhecome
C.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome
(14)Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?
A.howdidhemend B.whatdidhemend
C.howhemended D.whathemended
(15)Iwanttoknow_________.
A.whomisshelookingafter B.whomsheislooking
C.whomisshelooking D.whomsheislookingafter
(16)Doyouknowwhere_________now?
A.helives B.doeshelive C.helived D.didhelive
(17)Doyouknowwhattime_________?
A.thetrainleave B.doesthetrainleave
C.willthetrainleave D.thetrainleaves
(18)Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?
A.howthetwoplayersareold B.howoldarethetwoplayers
C.thetwoplayersarehowold D.howoldthetwoplayersare
(19)Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.
A.whatistheirstockingsin B.whatisintheirstockings
C.whereistheirstockingsin D.whatintheirstockings
(20)Ican'tunderstand_________.
A.whatdoesChristmasmean B.whatChristmasdoesmean
C.whatmeanChristmasdoes D.whatChristmasmeans
4、当it作形式宾语时
例句:
Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim.
许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。
5、当宾语从句前置时Thatourteamwillwin,Ibelieve.
6、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;
注意:
运用虚拟语气的情况在表示
建议suggest、advise、propose;要求demand、desire、request;
决定decide;命令order、command、require; 坚决主张insist;
等动词后跟宾语从句,用(should)+v.(虚拟语气)
Eg:
Isuggestedthatyou(should)studyhard.
Heorderedthatweshouldgooutatonce.
虚拟语气的用法
虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的一种愿望,假设,怀疑,猜测,建议等含义,虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。
虚拟语气的用法:
1)虚拟语气用在简单句中,表示祝愿,命令。
如:
Mayyoubehappy.祝你幸福。
Mayyouhaveagoodtime.祝愿你玩得痛快。
Maythefriendshipbetweenuslastlong.祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
Haveagoodjourney!
祝愿你旅途愉快!
Yougoout!
你出去!
2)虚拟语气用在宾语从句中:
动词wish,suggest,order,insist,propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气,宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求。
如:
Iwishshewouldbeonmyside.我希望她能站在我一边。
IwishIcouldhelphim.我希望我能帮助他。
Heinsistedthatallofusshouldbethereontimebyanymeans.他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
动词demand,suggest,order,insist,propose后面的从句中,"should"可以省略。
如:
Theteachersuggestedthatwe(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
Heorderedthatthestudentswashtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
3)虚拟语气用在主语从句中:
在句型"Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that...."中,that后面的从句中的谓语动词用:
should+动词原形,如:
It'snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。
It'snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这样做是很自然的。
It'simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
4)虚拟语气用在状语从句中:
虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中。
在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时,动词有三种时态形式,即现在、过去和将来。
A.与现在事实相反的:
IfI(we,you,he,they)+动词过去式..ifI(he,she)were...I(we)should+动词原形。
He(you,they)would+动词原形。
B.与过去事实相反的:
IfI(we,you,he,they)+had+过去分词I(we)should+have+过去分词。
He(you,they)would+have+过去分词。
IfIwereyou,Ishouldbuyit.如果我是你,我就买了它。
IfIhadtime,IwouldstudyFrench.如果我有时间,我会学习法语的。
Ifshe