中学英语宾语从句语法讲解.docx
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中学英语宾语从句语法讲解
中学英语宾语从句语法讲解
[宾语从句歌诀]
宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采。
展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。
主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。
陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether连。
特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。
三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意。
留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心间。
[歌诀解码]
一、三姊妹
宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：
1.由that引导的宾语从句。
如：
Weknew（that）weshouldlearnfromeachother.
2.由if/whether引导的宾语从句。
如：
Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouhavebeentoAmerica.
3.由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。
如：
CanyoutellmehowIcangettothenearestpostoffice？
二、三关
1.引导词关
如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。
2.语序关
①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。
如：
Heisanhonestboy.Theteachersaid.→Theteachersaid（that）hewasanhonestboy.
②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。
如：
Doesheworkhard？
Iwonder.→Iwonderif/whetherheworkshard.
Whendidheleave？
Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhenheleft.
3.时态关
①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
如：
Ihaveheard（that）hewillcomebacknextweek.
②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。
如：
Hesaid（that）therewerenoclassesyesterday.
注意：
如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。
如：
Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.
三、人称的变化和标点的使用
1.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。
如：
“MayIuseyourknife？
”Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.
“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber？
”Heaskedme.→HeaskedmeifIknowhertelephonenumber.
2.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。
主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。
如：
Whowillgiveusatalk？
Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.
Doyouknow？
Wheredoeshelive？
→Doyouknowwherehelives？
四、两副面孔
if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。
因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。
如：
Ifitrainstomorrow，Iwon’tcome.（时间状语从句）
Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.（宾语从句）
五、从句的简化
1.当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。
如：
Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.→Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.
2.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。
如：
Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.
3.在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。
如：
CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation？
→Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation？
宾语从句专项练习
一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1．TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.
Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.
2.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.
Myteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.
3．Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.
Jackdidn’tknow_____there_________ameetinginfivedays.
4．CantheyspeakFrench?
Iwanttoknow.
Iwanttoknow___________________________French.
5．Arethechildrenplayinggames?
Tellme.
Tellme______thechildren____________games.
6．Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?
Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang.
Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang____________________homeworkyet.
7．Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?
Whoknows?
Whoknows_______________________________inthepicture?
8．Wheredidsheparkhercar?
Doyouknow?
Doyouknow______________hercar?
9．Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?
Thegirlwondered.
Thegirlwondered__________often________about.
10．Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?
Idon’tknow.
Idon’tknow___________atthedoorsoloudly.
11.Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?
Idon'tknow.
Idon'tknow______hestill_______inthatstreet.
12.What'shisname?
Iaskedhim.
Iaskedhimwhat_______________.
13.Whendoesthetrainarrive?
Pleasetellme.
Pleasetellme__________________________________.
14.Dotheywantfriedchicken?
Heaskedtheboys.
Heaskedtheboys_______they______friedchicken.
15.WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?
Idon'tknow.
Idon'tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.
二、选择填空。
（）1.WhatdidMikesay?
Hesaid____________________.
A.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.whatcolourwasit
C.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring
（）2.Tomaskedmyfriend________________.
A.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoon
C.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry
（）3.Letmetellyou__________________.
A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcost
C.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar
（）4.Peterknew_______________.
A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebook
B.whytheboyhadsomanyquestions
C.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis
（）5.Couldyoutellme___________?
A.wheredoyoulive B.whoyouarewaitingfor
C.whowereyouwaitingfor D.whereyoulivein
（）6.Ican'tunderstand______theboyalone.
A.whysheleft B.whydidsheleave
C.whyshehadleft D.whyhadsheleft
（）7.Shetoldmethesun______intheeast.
A.rise B.rose C.rises D.hadrisen
（）8.Idon'tknow________upsoearlylastSunday.
A.whydidhegetB.whyhegetsC.whydoeshegetD.whyhegot
（）9.Themanagercameuptosee__________.
A.whatwasthematter B.whatthematterwas
C.whatthematteris D.what'sthematter
（）10.Heaskedhisfather_______.
A.whereithappens B.wheredidithappen
C.howithappened D.howdidithappen
（）11.Noonetellsus______,soweneedyourhelp.
A.howweshoulddo B.whatshouldwedo
C.howtodoit D.whattodoit
（）12.Couldyoupleaseteachme_______thecomputer.
A.howcheck B.tocheck C.howtocheck D.tohowchecking
（）13.Theydon'tknow_______theirparentsare.
AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich
（）14.─Wheredoyouthink______he_____theTVset?
─Sorry,I'venoidea.
A./,bought B.has,bought C.did,buy D.didbought
（）15.Ourhomeworkhaschangedalot.Whocantell_____itwouldbelikein_____fiveyears.
A.how,another B.what,more C.how,other D.what,another
（）16.─Couldyoutellme______?
─Yes.He____totheUSA.
A.whereishe/hasbeen B.whereheis/hasgone
C.wherewashe/hasbeen D.wherehewas/hasgone
（）17.─Mikewantstoknowif____apicnictomorrow.
─Yes.Butifit_______,we'llvisitthemuseuminstead.
A.youhave/willrain B.youwillhave/willrain
C.youwillhave/rains D.willyouhave/rains
（）18.Ireallydon'tknowifshe_______itwhenshe________.
A.finds/arrives B.finds/willarrive
C.willfind/willarrive D.willfind/arrives
（）19.MissLiusaid______shewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster”sdesk.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what
（）20.Heaskedme_______.
A.whowillkickthefirstgoalintheWorldCup
B.whenwastheAPECmeetingheld
C.whenChinabecameamemberoftheWTO
D.wherethe2008Olympicswillbeheld
（）21.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper______WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.
A.thatB.howC.whatD.if
（）22.Youmustremember_______.
A.whatyourteachersaidB.whatdidyourteachersay
C.yourteachersaidwhatD.whathasyourteachersaid
（）23.Idon”tknow______.
A.whichroomIcanliveB.whichroomcanIlive
C.whichroomIcanliveinD.whichroomcanIlivein
（）24.－－Doyouknowwhenhe______back?
－－Sorry,Idon”t.Whenhe_______back,I”lltellyou.
A.comes;comesB.comes;willcome
C.willcome;comesD.willcome;willcome
（）25Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.
A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake
（）26Marysaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.
A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergone
C.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen
（）27Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___aPEclasstoday.
A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are
（）28.Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?
A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that
（）29.Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.
A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where
（）30.Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?
A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow
三、用合适的连接词填空。
1.Jimtoldme____hedidn'tgofishingyesterdayafternoon.（how,why）
2.Doyouknow______elseisgoingtobeondutytoday？
（who,whom）
3.Shesaid_____itwouldn'tmattermuch.（that,if）
4.Healwaysthinks______hecandobetter.（how,who）
5.Ireallydon'tknow________thebridgewillbefinished.（howlong,howsoon）
6.Theydon'tknow_______togoorwait.（if,whether）
7.Wearetalkingabout______we’llgobacktomorrow.（whether,if）
8.Iwasreallysurprisedat______Isaw.（where,what）
9.Idon'tknow____somanypeoplearelookingathim.（how,why）
10.Doyouknow______youarestudyingfor?
（why,what）
四、句型转换。
1.“Doyouwanttotryit?
”Tom'smotheraskedhim.（同义句）→
Tom'smotheraskedhim____________________totryit.
2.Ithinkthisisagoodidea.（改为否定句）→
I_______________this________agoodidea.
3.Lucyhasn'tdecidedwhichtrouserstobuy.（改为复合句）→
Lucyhasn'tdecided________________________________buy.
4.Idon'tknowhowIcangettothehospital.（改为简单句）→
Idon'tknow________________________tothehospital.
5.Idon’tsupposetheywillcome,_____________?
（改为反意疑问句）
五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1.Wearesurethathe________（go）toschooltomorrow.
2.Doyouknowwho______（be）thefirstmantowalkonthemoon?
3.Couldyoutellmewherethepostoffice______（is）?
4.Ourfathersaidthathe_______（will）buyanewcomputer.
5.Ihearthathe_______（swim）intheseayesterday.
6.Thelittleboytellsuswherehisfather_______（work）.
7.Hesaidthathe_________（finish）hisworkalready.
8.Theythoughttheycould_______（hike）tothetopofthemountain.
9.Hewasgladthatsomanypeople_____（help）him.
10.Shedoesn’tknowwhether________（go）orwait.
宾语从句参考答案：
一、1.that,were2.that,tra
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