老托福段子听力93篇.docx

老托福段子听力93篇.docx

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老托福段子听力93篇

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Communityserviceisanimportantcomponentofeducationhereatouruniversity.Weencourageallstudentstovolunteerforatleastonecommunityactivitybeforetheygraduate.Anewcommunityprogramcalled"OneOnOne"helpselementarystudentswho'vefallenbehind.Youeducationmajorsmightbeespeciallyinterestedinitbecauseitofferstheopportunitytodosometeaching—thatis,tutoringinmathandEnglish.You'dhavetovolunteertwohoursaweekforonesemester.Youcanchoosetohelpachildwithmath,English,orboth.Half-hourlessonsarefine,soyoucoulddoahalfhourofeachsubjecttwodaysaweek.ProfessorDodgewillactasamentortothetutors---he'llbeavailabletohelpyouwithlessonplansortooffersuggestionsforactivities.HehasofficehourseveryTuesdayandThursdayafternoon.Youcansignupfortheprogramwithhimandbeginthetutoringnextweek.I'msureyou'llenjoythiscommunityserviceandyou'llgainvaluableexperienceatthesametime.Itlooksgoodonyourresume,too,showingthatyou'vehadexperiencewithchildrenandthatyoucareaboutyourcommunity.Ifyou'dliketosignup,orifyouhaveanyquestions,stopbyProfessorDodge'sofficethisweek.

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Ihopeyou'veallfinishedreadingtheassignedchapteroninsurancesothatyou'repreparedforourdiscussiontoday.But,beforewestart,I'dliketomentionafewthingsyourtextdoesn'tgointo.It'sinterestingtonotethatinsurancehasexistedinsomeformforaverylongtime.Theearliestinsurancepolicieswerewhatwecalledbottomcontracts.Theyprovidedshippingprotectionformerchantsasfarbackas3000B.C.Ingeneral,thecontractswereoftennomorethanverbalagreements.Theygrantedloanstomerchantswiththeunderstandingthatifaparticularshipmentofgoodswaslostatsea,theloandidn'thavetoberepaid.Interestontheloansvariedaccordingtohowriskyitwastotransportthegoods.Duringperiodsofheavypiracyatsea,forexample,theamountofinterestandthecostofthepolicywentupconsiderably.So,youcanseehowinsurancehelpedencourageinternationaltrade.Eventhemostcautiousmerchantsbecamewillingtoriskshippingtheirgoodsoverlongdistances,nottomentioninhazardousweatherconditionswhentheyhadthiskindofprotectionavailable.Generallyspeaking,thebasicformofaninsurancepolicyhasbeenprettymuchthesamesincetheMiddleAges.Therearefourpointsthatweresalientthenandremainparamountinallpoliciestoday.Therewereoutlinedinchaptersixandwillserveasthebasisfortherestoftheoftoday'sdiscussion.Cananyonetellmewhatoneofthosepointsmightbe?

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LocatedattheNASAResearchCenterinIowaisa5,000-gallonvatofwater,andinsidethetankisanunderwatertreadmilldesignedbyDavaNewman,anaerospaceengineer.ForfouryearsNewmanobservedscubadiversastheysimulatedwalkingontheMoonandonMarsonherunderwatermovingbelt.ShewantedtodiscoverhowthegravityoftheMoonandofMarswouldaffecthumanmovement.Todothis,Newmanattachedweightstothediversandthenloweredthemintothetankandontothetreadmill.TheseweightswerecarefullyadjustedsothatthediverscouldexperienceunderwaterthegravityoftheMoonandofMarsastheywalkedonthetreadmill.NewmanconcludedthatwalkingonMarswillprobablybeeasierthanwalkingontheMoon.TheMoonhaslessgravitythanMarsdoes,soatlunargravity,thediversstruggledtokeeptheirbalanceandwalkedawkwardly.ButatMartiangravity,thedivershadgreatertractionandstabilityandcouldeasilyadjusttoapaceof1.5milesperhour.AsNewmangraduallyincreasedthespeedofthetreadmill,thediverstooklonger,gracefulstridesuntiltheycomfortablysettledintoanevenquickerpace.NewmanalsonotedthatatMartiangravity,thediversneededlessoxygen.ThedataNewmancollectedwillhelpinthefuturedesignofMartianspacesuits.Comparedtolunarspacesuits,Martianspacesuitswillrequiresmallerairtanks;and,toallowforfreermovement,theelbowandkneeareasofthespacesuitswillalsobealtered.

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WelcometoEvergladesNationalPark.TheEvergladesisawateryplaincoveredwithsawgrassthat'shometonumerousspeciesofplantsandwildlife.Atoneandahalfmillionacres,it'stoobigtoseeitalltoday,butthistourwillofferyouagoodsampling.OurtourbuswillstopfirstatTaylorSlough.Thisisagoodplacetostartbecauseit'shometomanyoftheplantsandanimalstypicallyassociatedwiththeEverglades.You'llseemanyexoticbirdsand,ofcourse,ourworldfamousalligators.Don'tworry,there'saboardwalkthatgoesacrossthemarsh,soyoucanlookdownattheanimalsinthewaterfromasafedistance.Theboardwalkishighenoughtogiveyouagreatviewofthesawgrassprairie.Fromtherewe'llheadtosomeothermarshyandevenjunglelikeareasthatfeaturewonderfultropicalplantlife.Forthoseofyouwho'dlikeacloserviewofthesawgrassprairie,youmightconsiderrentingacanoesometimeduringyourvisithere.However,don'tdothisunlessyouhaveaverygoodsenseofdirectionandcannegotiateyourwaythroughtallgrass.We'dhatetohavetocomelookingforyou.Youhavethegoodfortuneofbeinghereinthewinter—thebesttimeofyeartovisit.Duringthespringandsummer,themosquitoeswilljustabouteatyoualive!

Rightnowthey'renotsobothersome,butyou'llstillwanttouseaninsectrepellent.

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Thankyou.It'sgreattoseesomanyofyouinterestedinthisserieson"SurvivalinOuterSpace."Pleaseexcusethecameras,we'rebeingvideotapedforthelocalTVstations.TonightI'mgoingtotalkaboutthemostbasicaspectofsurvival—thespacesuit.Whenmostofyouimagineanastronaut,that'sprobablythefistthingthatcomestomind,right?

Well,withoutspacesuits,itwouldnotbepossibleforustosurviveinspace.Forexample,outerspaceisavacuum—there'snogravityorairpressure;withoutprotection,abodywouldexplode.What'smore,we'dcookinthesunorfreezeintheshadewithtemperaturesrangingfromatoasty300degreesabovetoacool300degreesbelowzeroFahrenheit.ThespacesuitthatNASAhasdevelopedistrulyamarvel.Thisphotoenlargementhereisalife-sizeimageofanactualspacesuitwornbyastronautsonthelastspaceshuttlemission.Thispartisthetorso.It’smadeofsevenextremelydurablelayers.Thisthickinsulationprotectsagainsttemperatureextremesandradiation.Nextiswhattheycalla"bladder"ofoxygenthat'saninflatablesac,filledwithoxygen,tosimulateatmosphericpressure.ThisbladderpressesagainstthebodywiththesameforceastheEarth'satmosphereatsealevel.Theinnermostlayersprovideliquidcoolingandventilation.Despiteallthelayers,thesuitisflexible,allowingfreemovementsowecanwork.Anotherreallysophisticatedpartofthespacesuitisthehelmet.Ibroughtonealongtoshowyou.CanIhaveavolunteercomeanddemonstrate?

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Goodevening.MynameisPamJones,andonbehalfoftheModernDanceclub,I'dliketowelcomeyoutotonight'sprogram.TheclubispleasedtopresenttheTVversionofTheCatherineWheel,TwylaTharp'srockballet.Thisvideoversionoftheballethasbeenevenmoresuccessfulwithaudiencesthantheoriginaltheaterproduction.Itincludessomeanimation,slowmotion,andstop-actionfreezesthatreallyhelptheaudienceunderstandthedance.ThetitleofthepiecereferstoSaintCatherine,whodiedonawheelin307A.D.Nowadays,aCatherinewheelisalsoakindoffirework.Itlookssomethinglikeapinwheel.Anyway,thedanceiscertainlyfulloffireworks!

You'llseehowTwylaTharpexploresonefamily'sattempttoconfronttheviolenceinmodernlife.Thecentralsymboloftheworkisapineapple,butexactlywhatitrepresentshasalwayscreatedalotofcontroversy.Asyouwatch,seeifyoucanfigureitout.Themusicforthispieceisfulloftherhythmicenergyofrockmusic.ItwascomposedbyDavidByrne.OftherockbandTalkingHeads?

AndtheleaddancerinthisversionwasSaraRudner,whoisperfectlysuitedtoTharp'sadventurouschoreography.Followingthevideo,danceteacherMaryParkerwillleadadiscussionaboutthesymbolismMs.Tharpused.Wehopeyoucanstayforthat.So,enjoytonight'svideoandthankyouforyoursupport.

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Inourlabtoday,we'llbetestingthehypothesisthatbabiescancountasearlyasfivemonthsofage.Thesixbabiesherearealllessthansixmonthsold.You'llbewatchingthemonclosed-circuitTVandmeasuringtheirresponses.Theexperimentisbasedonthewell-establishedobservationthatbabiesstarelongeriftheydon'tseewhattheyexpecttosee.First,we'regoingtolettwodollsmoveslowlyinfrontofthebabies.Thebabieswillseethetwodollsdisappearbehindascreen.Yourjobistorecord,inseconds,howlongthebabiesstareatthedollswhenthescreenisremoved.Inthenextstage,twodollswillagainmoveinfrontofthebabiesanddisappear.Butthenathirddollwillfollow.Whenthescreenisremoved,thebabieswillonlyseetwodolls.Ifwe'reright,thebabieswillnowstarelongerbecausetheyexpectthreedollsbutonlyseetwo.Itseemsremarkabletothinkthatsuchyoungchildrencancount.Myownresearchhasconvincedmethattheyhavethisabilityfrombirth.Butwhethertheydoornot,perhapsweshouldraiseanotherquestion.Shouldwetakeadvantageofthisabilitybyteachingchildrenmathematicsatsuchayoungage?

Theyhavegreatuntappedpotential,butisitgoodforparentstopressureyoungchildren?

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BeforestartingourtourofMonticello,I'dliketogiveyousomehistoricalfactsthatmighthelpyouappreciatewhatyouseetodayevenmore.Monticellowastheverymuchloved