宾语从句和定语从句讲解.docx

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宾语从句和定语从句讲解.docx

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宾语从句和定语从句讲解.docx

宾语从句和定语从句讲解

宾语从句和定语从句讲解

〔一〕that引导的宾语从句

宾语从句的引导连词有that,who,whose,what,which,副词when,where,how,why,whether,if

可以跟that从句做宾语的动词有:

say,think,wish,hope,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree.

1、在学习宾语从句的时候要知道宾语从句的构成

Iheardthathewouldcomeherelateron.

主语谓语动词引导词一个句子作宾语

2、要注意在宾语从句中主句与从句的时态要照应

〔a〕当主句用一般现在时,从句要根据实际情况,选择时态

例如:

Ibelieve〔that〕youdidyourbestforthat.

Ibelieve〔that〕youwilldoyourbestforthat.

(b)当主句的时态用一般过去时,从句要用相应的过去时态〔过去时代包括,过去进行时,一般过去时,过去将来时,过去完成时等过去时态〕

例如:

Ihearthathewillcomeherelateron.

Iheardthathewouldcomeherelateron.

Ican’ttellhimthathismotherdied.

(c)当主句的时态用的是过去时态,但是从句的内容是对客观事情的表达,从句依然用一般现在时态。

例如:

Myteachersaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.

That引导的定语从句和that引导的宾语从句的区别

定语从句在句中作主句的定语,修饰前面的名词或代词。

被修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系代词。

我们今天要学习的时由关系代词that来引导的定语从句

一,that在定语从句中既可指代人也可指代物。

先行词是人或者物时,可以用that来引导

如:

Haveyouseenthewomanthatiswearingredcoat?

Hefoundthegirlthatwe’relookingfor.

Pleaseshowmethephotothatyoulikebest.

关系代词that在从句中可充当主语或者是宾语,在当关系代词在句中充当定语从句的宾语时,常常省略。

Hefoundthegirl〔that〕wearelookingfor.

1.Thefanisonthedesk.Youwantit.

__________________________________________________________

2.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.

__________________________________________________________

3.Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.

__________________________________________________________

4.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydon’tstudyhard.

__________________________________________________________

5.Thewomanisourgeographyteacher.Yousawherinthepark.

__________________________________________________________

6.Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.

__________________________________________________________

7.Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.

__________________________________________________________

That引导的宾语从句

Hepromisedthathewouldnevermakethatmistakeagain

Weallbelievethepromisethathemadetous

宾语从句中that为连词,不充当任何成分,可以省略

定语从句中that为关系代词,充当从句的主语或者是宾语,充当宾语时可以省略

选择填空:

1.Theman____visitedourschoolyesterdayisfromLondon.

A.thatB.whichC.whomD.when

2.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.

A.whoseB.thatC.whomD.which

3.Tomdidnottakeawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera____helostlastweek.

A.whichB.thatC.whomD.as

4.Whereistheman____Imetthismorning?

A.whenB.whereC.whichD./

5.Thedoctor____isleavingforAfricanextmonth.

A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalking

C.thenurseistalkingtoD.whothenurseistalking

6.Theman____aroundourschoolisfromAmerica.

A.whichyoushowedB.youshowedhim

C.youshowedD.whereyoushowed

7.Haveyoureadthebook____Ilenttoyou?

A.thatB.whomC.whenD.whose

8.Jackispleasedwith____youhavegivenhimandall____youhavetoldhim.

A.that,whatB.what,thatC.which,whatD.that,which

9Hefound____thebook____isaboutAustraliaisveryinteresting

Awhat,whenBthat,whereCthat,/D/,that

10Iamveryhappy____Iwaschosentorepresentourschooltotakepartinthecompetition

A.whatBwhyCwhichDthat

注意!

宾语从句小口诀:

宾语从句三注意,时态语序引导词;主句一般现在时,从句不需受限制;主句一般过去时,从句须用相应时;陈述句转化that引,一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词,引导词后陈述式。

whether或if引导的宾语从句

主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句,从句同样是陈述语序eg,Iwonderif/whetheryouhavetoldthenewstoLiLei.

注意:

一般情况下,whether和if可以互用,

但有些情况例外。

a.当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether不用ifeg,Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepicnic.

b.引导词与动词不定式或not连用时,只用whether.eg,Pleaseletmeknowwhattodonext.Couldyoutellmewhetheryougoornot?

c.if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句,这时不能用whether

特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用特殊疑问词;引导词后要用陈述句语序。

E.g.Couldyoutellmewhat'sthematter\wrongwithyou?

特殊情况

当doyouthink后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,句式结构应为引导词+doyouthink+陈述句语序。

人称的变化和标点的使用

a.从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称,不用变化。

如:

“MayIuseyourknife?

”Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.

“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber?

”Heaskedme.→HeaskedmeifIknowhertelephonenumber.

b.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。

主句是陈述句,用句号;主句是疑问句,用问号。

如:

Whowillgiveusatalk?

Idon‟tknow.→Idon‟tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.

Doyouknow?

Wheredoeshelive?

→Doyouknowwherehelives

稳固练习

1.Haveyoudecided________forAustralia?

A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleaveC.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave

2.Canyoutellme_________?

A.wheredoesTomliveB.whereTomlivedC.TomliveswhereD.whereTomlives

3.Theoldmanaskedme________.

二,定语从句

定义:

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

如:

1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.

2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.

上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why

关系词常有三个作用:

1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分

关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人,在从句中做主语

(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.

如果先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,关系代词应该用

who或whom.例:

Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?

2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。

(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.

注意:

关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。

(2)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.

3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略

(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)

(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)

4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。

在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。

(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)

(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?

(在句子中做宾语)

具体使用时还要注意以下问题:

1,只能使用that,不用which的情况:

(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。

例如:

Allthathesaidistrue.

(2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。

例如:

Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.

(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。

例如:

Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.

(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。

Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.

(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。

例如:

Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.

2,只用which不用that的情况:

 (3)非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。

例如:

Theboy,whoisgoodatsoccer,comesfromXinjiang.

Thatnecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.

非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。

〔非限)

Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou这里有人要和你说话(限制性)

(4)which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。

在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与andthis相似,并可以指人。

例如:

Hedidverywellinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.

(5)如果作先行词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用which;假设是指集体中的各个成员,则用who。

5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语

(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.

whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替

(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?

=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?

6.when指时间,在定语从句中作状语。

例如:

I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.

7.where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。

例如:

Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity

8."介词+关系代词"是一个普遍使用的结构。

(1)"介词+关系代词"可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。

"介词+关系代词"结构中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,without等,关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用that。

例:

Isthatthehouseinwhichyoulive?

  关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:

Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.像listento,lookat,takecareof等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。

例如:

Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.

及时稳固:

一,请分析一下定语从句:

(请划出定语从句,并标出先行词)

1.     CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.

2.     AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.

3.     Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.

4.     Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.

5.     Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.

6.     Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?

8.     HewouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.

9.     MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.

10. Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?

12. Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.

13. Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.

14. Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoingthis,youcanaskthem.

15. AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.

二、用关系代词填空:

that、which、who、whom、whose

1.       Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.

2.       Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.

3.       Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.

4.       Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.

5.       Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.

6.       Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.

7.       Theperson______________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.

8.       Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.

9.       Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.

10.   Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.

11.   Thestorybook____________Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.

12.   Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.

13.   Thisisshirt_______________Iboughtyesterday.

14.   Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.

15.   Thebook____________isonthet

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