宾语从句和定语从句讲解.docx

1、宾语从句和定语从句讲解宾语从句和定语从句讲解一that 引导的宾语从句宾语从句的引导连词有 that, who, whose, what, which, 副词when, where, how, why, whether, if 可以跟that 从句做宾语的动词有：say, think ,wish, hope, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree.1、在学习宾语从句的时候要知道宾语从句的构成I heard that he would come here later on.主语 谓语动词 引导词 一个句子作宾语2、要注意在宾语从句中主句与从句的时态

2、要照应a当主句用一般现在时，从句要根据实际情况，选择时态例如：I believethatyou did your best for that. I believethatyou will do your best for that. (b) 当主句的时态用一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态过去时代包括，过去进行时，一般过去时，过去将来时，过去完成时等过去时态例如：I hear that he will come here later on .I heard that he would come here later on. I cant tell him that his mother die

3、d. (c)当主句的时态用的是过去时态，但是从句的内容是对客观事情的表达，从句依然用一般现在时态。例如：My teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.That 引导的定语从句和that 引导的宾语从句的区别定语从句在句中作主句的定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。被修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系代词。我们今天要学习的时由关系代词that来引导的定语从句一，that在定语从句中既可指代人也可指代物。先行词是人或者物时，可以用that来引导如：Have you seen the woman that is wearing red coat?

4、 He found the girl that were looking for. Please show me the photo that you like best. 关系代词that在从句中可充当主语或者是宾语，在当关系代词在句中充当定语从句的宾语时，常常省略。He found the girl that we are looking for.1. The fan is on the desk. You want it._2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday._3. The mag

5、azine is mine. He has taken it away._4. The students will not pass the exam. They dont study hard._5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park._6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday._7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night._That 引导的宾语从句He promised that h

6、e would never make that mistake againWe all believe the promise that he made to us宾语从句中that为连词，不充当任何成分，可以省略定语从句中that为关系代词，充当从句的主语或者是宾语,充当宾语时可以省略选择填空：1. The man _ visited our school yesterday is from London.A. that B. which C. whom D. when2. The woman _ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.A.

7、whose B. that C. whom D. which3. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera _ he lost last week.A. which B. that C. whom D. as4. Where is the man _ I met this morning?A. when B. where C. which D. /5. The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to h

8、im B. whom the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking6. The man _ around our school is from America.A. which you showed B. you showed him C. you showed D. where you showed7. Have you read the book _ I lent to you?A. that B. whom C. when D. whose8. Jack is pleased with

9、 _ you have given him and all _ you have told him. A. that, what B. what, that C. which, what D. that, which9 He found _the book _is about Australia is very interesting A what, when B that, where C that, / D /, that10 I am very happy _ I was chosen to represent our school to take part in the competi

10、tionA. what B why C which D that注意！宾语从句小口诀： 宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词； 主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时； 陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序 eg, I wonder if /whether you have told the news to Li Lei . 注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。 a. 当从句

11、做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if eg, We are talking about whether well go on the picnic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用whether. eg, Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether you go or not? c. if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。 E.g. Could you tell me whats the m

12、atterwrong with you? 特殊情况当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词do you think陈述句语序。人称的变化和标点的使用 a.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如： “May I use your knife？”He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. He asked me if I kno

13、w her telephone number.b.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如： Who will give us a talk? I dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk. Do you know？Where does he live? Do you know where he lives稳固练习 1. Have you decided _for Australia? A. when will you leave B. when do you leave C. you will leave

14、when D. when you will leave 2. Can you tell me _ ? A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives 3. The old man asked me _ . 二，定语从句定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词 或代词 的从句叫做定语从句。如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everythi

15、ng是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyo

16、ne, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom. 例：Is there anyone here who will go with you?2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Foot

17、ball is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this m

18、orning? (在句子中做宾语) 具体使用时还要注意以下问题：1,只能使用that, 不用which 的情况：(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如： All that he said is true. (2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如： He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如： He was the second (person) that tol

19、d me the secret.(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。 This is the best book (that) I have read this year.(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如： He talked about the people and the things he remembered. 2,只用which不用that的情况：(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：The boy, who is good at soccer, comes from Xinjiang.That necklac

20、e, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。非限)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you这里有人要和你说话(限制性)(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表

21、示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.(5) 如果作先行词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;假设是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose ro

22、of has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：Ill never forget

23、the time when we worked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：This is the house where we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city 8. 介词关系代词是一个普遍使用的结构。 (1) 介词关系代词可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。介词关系代词结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about

24、, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which, 不可用 that 。例:Is that the house in which you live ?关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had l

25、ived in for ten years. 像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.及时稳固：一，请分析一下定语从句：( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1. Check the ways you study for an English test. 2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 3. You couldnt underst

26、and people who talked fast. 4. I have some ideas that may help. 5. They said something you didnt like. 6. Can you think of any problems you have had recently?8. He would always take pride in everything good I do. 9. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. 10. What are some of

27、 the rules that a teenager should obey?12. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me. 13. Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries. 14. If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them. 15. All I ever wanted to do was traveling

28、. 二、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose 1. This is the man _ wants to see you.2. The student _ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3. The man _ you went to see has come.4. The man _I met yesterday lent me some money.5. The woman _ you saw is our geography teacher. 6. The runner _ you are asking abo

29、ut is over there.7. The person _ you should write to is Mr. Ball.8. The man _was passing by saw what happened.9. Here is the pen _ you lost the day before yesterday.10. These books _ you lent me were very useful.11. The storybook _ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12. A clock is a machine _ tells people the time.13. This is shirt _I bought yesterday.14. A dictionary is a book _ gives the meaning to the word.15. The book _ is on the t