自然拼读法Phonics基本规则.docx
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自然拼读法Phonics基本规则
自然拼读法(Phonics)基本规则
1.二十六个字母的读音(LetterSounds).
五个元音字母(a,e,i,o,u),每个发两种音:
长音(其字母音)和短音
y不在单词开头时,一般被看做元音
2.单元音单词拼读(Consonant-Vowel-ConsonantCombinations)
如果一个英语单词或音节里只有一个元音,且元音不在末尾,这个元音一般发短音.
如:
Sam,cat,mat,等等.
EndingConsonants
OneVowelWord,ShortVowelSounds
BeginningConsonants
3.双元音单词拼读(TwoVowelWords):
一个单词或音节里有两个元音时, 一般来说,前边一个元音发长音(其字母音), 后边一个元音不发音.
如:
make,mail,may,hay,say,see,sea,meet,meat,key,five,nine,tie,road,coat,toe,cute等等.
4.双/三辅音在一起时的联读(ConsonantBlends)
Beginningconsonantblends(bl,br,cl,cr,dr,fl,fr,gl,fr,pl,pr,sc,sk,sl,sm,sn,sp,st,sw,tr,tw,scr,spl,str)
Endingconsonantblends(ft,lf,lm,lp,lt,mp,nd,nk,nt,pt,sk,st)
Wordsendinginll,ss,ff
Consonantdigraphs(ch,th,sh,wh)
5.特殊读法
(1)–带元音的特殊读法(IrregularVowels)
igh,ing,ind,ild,ar,or,oi,oy,alt,alk,ost,old,er,ir,ur,ew,sion,tion,eigh,all,ow,ow,ou,ay,ous,ed,ed(t),ed(d),aw,au,oo,oo
以上字母组合作为整体音节发音。
需记住它们所发的音。
Examples:
ar(car,far),air(hair),are(hare),au,augh(caught),aw(hawk)
al,all(all,tall,mall,hall),alk(talk,walk),alt(halt,salt),ay(may,play)
ew(new,few),eigh(eight,weight),
ed:
usays/ed/:
patted,landed,lifted
usays/t/:
walked,hopped,stopped
usays/d/:
cried,played,chewed
er(sister,brother),ir(girl,fir,firm),ur(burn,hurt)
ie(field),ing(king,sing,dancing),ind(find,kind,behind),ild(mild,wild,child),igh(high,night,light),ire
oi(oil,boil),oy(boy,toy),old(old,cold),ost(most,host),olt,
oo(book),oo(tool,school),or(or,for,horn),
ow(读音一:
cow,now,how,bow; 读音二:
bow,low,blow,snow),
ou(shout,out,loud)
ould(could,would),ough(五种不同的读音:
cough,through,ought,slough,plough),
ought,,ous(famous,nervous),
ue(cruel),ui(fluid)
tion(attention,fiction),sion(passion,expression),
endingsounds:
ang,ong,ung,edge,le
6.特殊读法
(2)
如果一个单词或音节里只有一个元音,而且元音在末尾, 这个元音一般发长音(其字母音)(Vowelattheend).
如:
me,hi,go,baby,table,humor,hibernate等等。
Y在末尾(作为元音处理)(yattheend):
u单音节词,没有其他元音,y发”I”(onesyllableword,yattheend(pronouncedas“I”)):
my,why,fly,sky
u多音节词,y发”E”的音(twoormoresyllables,yattheend(pronouncedas“E”)):
daddy,
mommy,baby,honey,crazy
7.特殊读法(3)-固定读音的单词(SightWord):
is,are,the,a,to,here,hey,have,son,love,come,give,field……等.
它们不遵守前边的发音规则,需要死记硬背。
8.特殊读法(4)–辅音的特殊读法
有一些辅音不发音(silent
consonants).
uuSilentb:
comb,lamb
uuSilenth:
ghost
uuSilentk:
knife,knock,knob,know…
uuSilentw:
write,wrist,wreck…
"c"和"k"在一起时, 发一个音:
quick,black等.
"q"总是和"u"在一起:
quite,quick,quit,quilt等.
之所以指出这一点,是在这里u不能再被认为是元音,而是和q一起组成一个辅音组合.于是,在quite这个单词里只有两个元音,是双元音单词,第一个元音i发字母音,第二个元音e不发音.
"p"和"h"在一起,发/f/的音:
phone,photo.
复数s及末尾s的读音(Pluralsandthesoundsofendings)
c和g的两种读音:
uu如果i(或y)或者e跟在c或者g的后边,c发/s/,g发/j/的音:
center,cigar,nice,mice,gem,giant,gym,page.
uu其他情况下,c发/k/,
g发/g/:
can,clap,cup,great,glad,got,goat,log.
uu特殊情况:
get,give
9.多音节单词和复合词(Wordswithmultiplesyllablesandcompoundwords)
多音节单词:
believe,multiple,syllable,compound
复合词:
homework,highway,sidewalk,inside,outside
1.自然拼读法的第一步是掌握二十六个字母的读音(Letter
Sounds).其中五个元音字母(a,e,i,o,u)发两种音。
2.第二步是进行单元音字母的拼读练习,如:
Sam,cat,mat,等等.
3.第三步,是固定读音的单词:
the,a,is,to,have等.
4.第四步,是一个单词里有两个元音时,前边一个元音发字母音,后边一个元音不发音,如:
make,made,sea,five,nine,road等等.
5.第五步,是双/三辅音在一起时怎么联读,如:
bl(ack),str(eet)等;有一些辅音不发音,如:
ghost,comb,lamb等;要掌握一下和"h"联在一起的发音:
ch,sh,th,wh。
6.第六步,是特殊读法:
单音节词,以元音结尾,这个元音发字母音.如:
me,hi,go等等
Irregular:
ar(car),ay(hay,may,say),igh(high,night,might),ew(new),
er(sister,brother),ur(burn,hurt),ir(girl,fir,firm),or(horn),eigh
(eight),oi(oil,boil),oy(boy),ow等有其特别的发音."c"和"k"在一起时,发一个音:
quick,black等.
自然拼音拼读练习表
第一天:
aeioua_ee_ei_eo_eu_e
Aa:
matmapbagcathatfanbatapple
Ee:
eggwellredpennethenbedbell
Ii:
licksixbibpigpinkissinkhill
Oo:
oxonoctopusboxsockoperateostrich
Uu:
sunumbrellacupbusnutgununcleunder
capenametapelakegamemaketakehate
theseJapaneseChinese
bitefiveninekiteminenicerideside
rosenoseropenoteposehomerodethose
tubecubeJunecutehuge
第二天:
aiayeeeaeyieighoaowuiue
ai:
tailrainpaintpainjailrailnailmaid
ay:
bayraywaysayhaypayMaylay
ee:
reedseelbeepeeljeepfeetseeteeth
ea:
seameatpeanuteaglepeachtealeafpea
ey:
donkeymonkeyjockeyturkeymonkeyhockeykeytrolley
ie:
tiepieliedie
igh:
rightsightnighttighthightfighthighsigh
oa:
roadtoasttoadcoalgoatboatcoatsoap
ow:
rainbowpillowyellowwindowbowlrowhollowlow
ui:
suitjuicefruit
ue:
Suebluegluetrue
第三天:
areriruror
ar:
armcararmchaircardcartfarmparkgarden
er:
sisterbrotherunderroosterwintermermaidmarkermother
ir:
birthdaycircusdirtybirdcircledirtgirl
ur:
turtlesurfingturkeyfurhurtpursenurse
or:
porchporkhorsehornfortmorningcornfork
第四天:
ouowoioyauawooooea
ou:
houseoutmouthcountfountainmountainshoutmouse
ow:
cowtowelclownowlcrownbrownflowertower
oi:
coinoilpointnoiseboilsoilpoisoncoil
oy:
oysterboycowboysoytoy
au:
augustsausesausagenaughtyautumnapplause
aw:
pawdrawsawstrawstrawberrylawn
oo:
moonzooroofroosterbootsfoodspoonroomcoolfoolboomfoolish
oo:
bookcookgoodfootlookhook
ea:
headsweatersweatpearleadbearleatherfeather
第五天:
chshwhphththknwrmb
ch:
beachlunchcheesebenchchurchchickenchaircherry
sh:
sheepshirtshipfishdishpushshoesshovel
wh:
whalewhitewheelwheatwhipwhistlewheelchairwhisper
ph:
photoelephanttelephonetrophypharmacyalphabet
th:
brotherfeatherleatherfathermother
th:
thumbthreebathmatthirstythiefbathmouthteeth
kn:
knobkneeknifeknockknit
wr:
wristwrinklewrapwreathwrite
mb:
thumblambbombcombcrumbnumb
第六天:
blflplclglbrcrgrprfrtrdr
bl:
blueblackblousebloombleachblanketblondehair
fl:
flatfluflyflameflutefloorflagflower
pl:
planeplayplusplanetplatformplumplateplant
cl:
clockcloudcleanclayclimbcloseclapclown
gl:
gloveglobeglassglueglassesglider
br:
brightbrookbrimbridebrownbreadbrickbrother
cr:
crowncrabcreamcrowcrayoncrocodilecrycroissant
gr:
graygreengrassgrapesgroundgrowgrandma
pr:
prixepriceprawnpressprinceprincesspray
fr:
frogfrostFridayFrenchfriesfruitfrontfriendframe
tr:
tractortrucktraintraytreetriangletrunktrolley
dr:
dreamdrumdrydropdrawdrivedressdrink
第七天:
smsnslswspstscskallewy
sm:
smilesmallsmellsmokesmooth
sn:
snowmansnowsnoresnakesnailsneakerssneakerssnack
sl:
slowslapsleepslideslopesled
sw:
switchswallowswanswimsweetswingsweatersweat
sp:
spiderspaceshipspinachspoonspell
st:
stockingsstorestarstampstormstickstudentstand
sc:
scarfscooterscannerscarecrowscalescorpionscoop
sk:
skunkskisskirtskates
all:
calltallfallballwall
ew:
dewfewviewhewnewnephewnewspaper
Yy:
skyflydryspytypeshycrymyYy:
Minysunnypuppydizzydirtypony
happybaby
自然拼音强化练习:
Tonguetwister
1.Abigblackbearsatonabigblackbug.
2.Abigblackbugbitabigblackdogonhisbigblacknose!
3.Cat,Cat,catchthatfatrat.
4.Afatcatcatchesamadrat.
5.Bluegluegun,greengluegun.
6.Blackbackground,brownbackground.
7.Anoisynoiseannoysanoyster.
8.Agoodcookcancookgoodcookies.
9.AtnoonItookagoodbook,andsat
bythepoolinthewood.Isoontookoffmyboot.Andputmyfootinthepool.Oh!
Howcool,howcool.
10.Thehunterandhishugehorsehidebehindinhouse.
11.BettybetterbutterBrad'sbread.
12.Twotinytigerstaketwotaxistotown.
13.Thefirstisthefirst.Thethirdisthethird.Thethirdcanbethe
first,Thefirstcanbethethird.
14.Sir,thisgirlwearingadirtyskirtisnotthefirst,butthethird.
15.Afleaandaflyflewupinaflue.Saidtheflea,"Letus
fly!
"Saidthefly,"Letusflee!
"Sotheyflewthroughaflawin
theflue.
16.Iwishyouwereafishinmydish.
17.Jean'sthreesheeparenearthegreenjeep.
18.Therearethirty-threethousandthreehundredandthirty-threefeathersonthatbird'sthroat.
19.Neitherfathernormotherlikesthisweather.
20.It’sagoat,sittinginaboat,wearingacoatandwritinganote.It’sa
bear,sittingonachair,holdingapearandcombingitshair.It’sacock,sitting
onarock,wearingasockandlookingataclock.It’safly,wearingatie,holding
apieandwavinggoodbye.