甘肃省兰州市高考英语阅读理解和短文改错自练8.docx

甘肃省兰州市高考英语阅读理解和短文改错自练8.docx

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甘肃省兰州市高考英语阅读理解和短文改错自练8

甘肃省兰州市2016高考英语阅读理解和短文改错自练（8）

阅读理解。

阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出最佳选项。

Americaisgrowingolder.Fiftyyearsago,only4outofevery100peopleintheUnitedStateswere65orolder.Today,10outofevery100Americansareover65.TheagingofthepopulationwillaffectAmericansocietyinmanyways—education,medicine,andbusiness.Quietly,theagingofAmericahasmadeusaverydifferentsociety—oneinwhichpeoplehaveaquitedifferentideaofwhatkindofbehaviorissuitableatvariousages.

Aperson’sagenolongertellsyouanythingabouthis/hersocialposition,marriageorhealth.There’snolongeraparticularyearinwhichonegoestoschoolorgoestoworkorgetsmarriedorstartsafamily.Thesocialclockthatkeptusontimeandtolduswhentogotoschool,getajob,orstopworkingisn’tasstrongasitusedtobe.Itdoesn’tsurpriseustohearofa29-year-olduniversitypresidentora35-year-oldgrandmother,ora70-year-oldmanwhohasbecomeafatherforthefirsttime.Publicideasarechanging.

Manypeoplesay,“Iammuchyoungerthanmymotherormyfatherwasatmyage.”Noonesays“Actyourage”anymore.We’vestoppedlookingwithsurpriseatolderpeoplewhoactinyouthfulways.

1.ItcanbelearnedfromthetextthattheagingofthepopulationinAmerica________.

A.hasmadepeoplefeelyounger

B.haschangedpeople’ssocialposition

C.haschangedpeople’sunderstandingofage

D.hassloweddownthecountry’ssocialdevelopment

2.Theunderlinedword“one”refersto________.

A.asocietyB.AmericaC.aplaceD.population

3.“Actyourage”meanspeopleshould________.

A.beactivewhentheyareold

B.dotherightthingattherightage

C.showrespecttotheirparentsyoungorold

D.takemorephysicalexercisessuitabletotheirage

4.Ifa’25-year-oldmanbecomesgeneralmanagerofabigfirm,thewriterofthetextwouldmostprobablyconsiderit_________.

A.normalB.wonderful C.unbelievableD.unreasonable

【参考答案及解析】

1.C主旨题。

根据第一、二段的最后一句及第三段可判断。

2.A细节题。

one是asociety的同位语且后面跟了一个定语从句，可以通过分析句子结构得出正确答案。

3.B细节题。

全文最后一句话给出了提示。

4.A推理题。

可仔细阅读第二段中倒数第二句话。

阅读理解。

Thewaywedothingsroundhere

Someyearsago，IwashiredbyanAmericanbank.IreceivedaletterfromtheheadofthePersonnelDepartmentthatstarted，“DearJohn，Iamquitepleasedthatyouhavedecidedtojoinus.”That“quite”saddenedme.Ithought

hewassaying“we'rekindofpleasedyoudecidedtojoinusalthoughIwishwehadhiredsomeoneelse.”ThenIdiscoveredthatinAmericanEnglish“quite”sometimesmeans“very”，whileinBritishEnglishitmeans“fairly”．

SothefirstlessonaboutworkinginothercountriesistolearnthelanguageandbythatIdon'tjustmeanthewordspeoplespeak.Itisbodylanguage，dress，manners,ideasandsoon.Thewaypeopledothingshighlightsmanyofthedifferencesweseebetweencultures（文化）．

Someofthesedifferencesmaybeonlyonthesurface—dress，foodandhoursofwork—whileothersmaybedeeperandtakelongertodealwith.Mostly,itisjustaquestionofgettingusedtothedifferencesandacceptingthem,liketheclimate（气候），whilegettingonwithbusiness.

Someofthedifferencesmaybeanimprovement.Peoplearemorepolite；theserviceisbetter；youaskforsomethingtobedoneandithappenswithouthavingtoaskagain.However，otherdifferencescanbetroubling,likepunctuality（准时）.Ifyouinvitepeopletoapartyat7o'clockyourguestswillconsideritpolitetoturnupexactlyontimeinGermany,fiveminutesearlyintheAmericanMidwest，anhourearlyinJapan,15minutesafterwardsintheUK,uptoanhourafterwardsinItalyandsometimeintheeveninginGreece.Iprefernottousetheword“late”becausethereisnothingwrongwiththetimespeoplearrive.Itissimplytheacceptedthingtodointheirowncountry.

本文介绍了作者所感受到的文化差异。

1.TheauthorwasunhappyasmentionedinParagraph1becausehethought________.

A.theAmericanbankdidn'tthinkmuchofhim

B.theAmericanbankmighthireanotherperson

C.it'sdifficulttogetusedtoAmericanculture

D.it'seasytomisunderstandAmericans

答案：

A。

推理判断题。

由第一段中“That“quite”saddenedme”．可以推断出作者认为这家美国银行不重视他。

2．Theunderlinedword“highlights”inParagraph2probablymeans________.

A.encouragesB.helpstonarrow

C.increasesD.drawsattentionto

答案：

D。

词义猜测题。

由下文可知人们做事情的方式引起了作者对文化差异的关注。

3．Accordingtotheauthor，whatshouldwedowith

mostculturaldifferences?

A.Askthenativepeopleforhelp.B.Understandandacceptthem.

C.Dothingsinourownway.D.Doindepthresearch.

答案：

B。

细节理解题。

由第三段最后一句可知我们要习惯文化差异并接受存在的文化差异。

4．Wheninvitedtoapartythepeoplewhoareusuallypunctualare________.

A.ItaliansB.Germans

C.GreeksD.theBritish

答案：

B。

细节理解题。

由最后一段“Ifyouinvitepeople...ontimeinGermany...”可知B项正确。

阅读理解。

阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出最佳选项。

Asahumanbeingyoumayhavethechoiceofthreebasicattitudestowardslife.Youmaytreatlifewiththephilosophy（哲学）ofthevegetable,inwhichcaseyourlifewillincludebeingborn,eating,drinking,sleeping,marrying,growingoldanddying.

Thesecondbasicattitudeistolookatlifeasifitwereabusiness.Agreatmanyso-calledsuccessfulmenandwomenbelievethatlifeisabusiness.Ifyoubelieveso,yourfirstquestionoflife,naturally,is"WhatdoIgetoutofit?

""Howmuchisthisworthtome?

"Inaword,basedonthisattitude,happinessbecomesamatterofsuccessfulcompetition.Thegreatmajorityofhumanbeingstodaylookatlifeasifitwereabusiness.

Thethirdattitudetowardlifeisthewayoftheartist.Herethebasicphilosophyis"WhatcanIputintoit?

".Theyvaluecooperationandcontribution.Thispointofviewhasbeenprovedbyhistory;forhistoryremembersbestthosewhohavecontributedmostrichlytotheinterestsoftheirfellow-men.Themoreweinvestigate（调查）,themorewebecomecertainthattheartisticattitudeistheonlyonewhichgoeswithhumanhappiness.

1.Fromthepassageweknowpeoplewhotakethesecondlifeattitude________.

A.aremostlybusinessmen

B.thinkofgettingtheinterests（利益）first

C.findtheirhappinessfromhardwork

D.takecompetitionastheirwholelife

2.Peoplewhoarebestrememberedbyhistoryareprobably

A.thoselivingonvegetablesB.successfulmen

C.artistsD.businessmen

3.Wemayinferfromthispassagethat________.

A.somepeoplearelivingonlyonvegetables

B.theartisticattitudeisacceptedbymostpeople

C.thewriterprefersthethirdlifeattitude

D.artistsdomostforthesocietyinordertoberememberedlongerthanothers

【参考答案及解析】

1.B推断题。

第二种人生态度是把生活看作一种生意，当然是利益最重要了。

2.C细节题。

从最后一段第四句可知。

3.C推断题。

从文章的最后一句可推知

【由上海市徐汇区2014诊断卷改编】

阅读理解。

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Itisevidentthatthereisacloseconnectionbetweenthecapacitytouselanguageandthecapacitiescoveredbytheverb“tothink”.Indeed,somewritershaveidentifiedthinkingwithusingwords:

Platocoinedthesaying,“Inthinkingthesoulistalkingtoitself”;J.B.Watsonreducedthinkingtoinhibited（拘谨的）speechlocatedintheminute（微小的）movementsortensionsofthephysiologicalmechanismsinvolvedinspeaking;andalthoughRyleiscarefultopointoutthattherearemanysensesinwhichapersonissaidtothinkandinwhichwordsarenotinevidence,hehasalsosaidthatsayingsomethinginaspecificframeofmindisthinkingathought.

Isthinkingreducibleto,ordependentupon,languagehabits?

Itwouldseemthatmanythinkingsituationsarehardlydistinguishablefromtheskillfuluseoflanguage,althoughtherearesomeothersinwhichlanguageisnotinvolved.Thoughtcannotbesimplyidentifiedwithusinglanguage.Itmaybethecase,ofcourse,thatthenon-linguisticskillsinvolvedinthoughtcanonlybeacquiredanddevelopedifthelearnerisabletouseandunderstandlanguage.However,thisquestionisonewhichwecannothopetoanswerinthisbook.Obviouslybeingabletouselanguagemakesforaconsiderabledevelopmentinallone’scapacitiesbuthowpreciselythiscomesaboutwecannotsay.

Atthecommon-senselevelitappearsthatthereisoftenadistinctionbetweenthoughtandthewordsweemploytocommunicatewithotherpeople.Weoftenhavetostrugglehardtofindwordstocapturewhatourthinkinghasalreadygrasped,andwhenwedofindwordswesometimesfeelthattheyfailtodotheirjobproperly.Againwhenwereportordescribeourthinkingtootherpeoplewedonotmerelyreportunspokenwordsandsentences.Suchsentencesdonotalwaysoccurinthinking,andwhentheydotheyaremergedwithvagueimageryandthehintofunconsciousorsubliminal（潜意识）activitiesgoingonjustoutofrage.Thinking,asithappens,ismorelikestruggling,striving,orsearchingforsomethingthanitisliketalkingorreading.

Againthestudyofspeechdisordersduetobraininjurydiseasesuggeststhatpatientscanthinkwithouthavingadequatecontrolovertheirlanguage.Somepatients,forexample,failtofindthenamesofobjectspresentedtothemandareunabletodescribesimpleeventswhichtheywitness;theyevenfinditdifficulttointerpretlongwrittennotices.Buttheysucceedinplayinggamesofchessordraughts.Theycanusetheconceptsneededforchessplayingordraughtplayingbutareunabletousemanyoftheconceptsinordinarylanguage.Howtheymanagetodothiswedonotknow.Presumablyhumanbeingshavevariouscapacitiesforthinkingsituationswhicharelikewiseindependentoflanguage.

1、Accordingtothetheoryof"thought"devisedbyJ.B.Watson,thinkingis_______.

A.talkingtothesoulB.concealedspeech

C.speakingnonverballyD.anon-linguisticbehavior

2、Whatdoestheauthorthinkabouttherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthinking?