英语六级阅读真题及答案 第3套 仔细阅读2篇2.docx

英语六级阅读真题及答案 第3套 仔细阅读2篇2.docx

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英语六级阅读真题及答案第3套仔细阅读2篇2

2021年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第3套仔细阅读2篇

　　PassageOne

　　Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Economicallyspeaking,arewebetteroffthanweweretenyearsago?

Twentyyearsago?

　　Intheirthirstforevidenceonthisissue,commentatorsseizedontherecentreportbytheCensusBureau,whichfoundthataveragehouseholdincomeroseby5.2%in2021.Unfortunately,thatconclusionputstoomuchweightonauseful,butflawedandincomplete,statistic.AmongthemoresignificantproblemswiththeCensus'smeasurearethat:

1）itexcludestaxes,transfers,andcompensationlikeemployer-providedhealthinsurance;and2）itisbasedonsurveysratherthandata.Evenifpreciselymeasured,incomedataexcludeimportantdeterminantsofeconomicwell-being,suchasthehoursofworkneededtoearnthatincome.

　　Whilethinkingaboutthequestion,wecameacrossarecentlypublishedarticlebyCharlesJonesandPeterKlenow,whichproposesaninterestingnewmeasureofeconomicwelfare.Whilebynomeansperfect,itisconsiderablymorecomprehensivethanaverageincome,takingintoaccountnotonlygrowthinconsumptionperpersonbutalsochangesinworkingtime,lifeexpectancy,andinequality.Moreover,itcanbeusedtoassesseconomicperformancebothacrosscountriesandovertime.

　　TheJones-Klenowmethodcanbeillustratedbyacross-countryexample.SupposewewanttocomparetheeconomicwelfareofcitizensoftheU.S.andFrancein2005.

　　In2005,astheauthorsobserve:

realconsumptionperpersoninFrancewasonly60%ashighastheU.S.,makingitappearthatAmericanswereeconomicallymuchbetteroffthantheFrenchonaverage.However,thatcomparisonomitsotherrelevantfactors:

leisuretime,lifeexpectancy,andeconomicinequality.TheFrenchtakelongervacationsandretireearlier,sotypicallyworkfewerhours;theyenjoyahigherlifeexpectancy,presumablyreflectingadvantageswithrespecttohealthcare,diet,lifestyle,andthelike;andincomeandconsumptionaresomewhatmoreequallydistributedtherethanintheU.S.Becauseofthesedifferences,comparingFrance'sconsumptionwiththeU.S.'soverstatesthegapineconomicwelfare.

　　SimilarcalculationscanbeusedtocomparetheU.S.andothercountries.Forexample,thiscalculationputseconomicwelfareintheUnitedKingdomat97%ofU.S.levels,butestimatesMexicanwell-beingat22%.

　　TheJones-Klenowmeasurecanalsoassessaneconomy'sperformanceovertime.Accordingtothismeasure,asoftheearly-to-mid-2000s,theU.S.hadthehighesteconomicwelfareofanylargecountry.Since2021,economicwelfareintheU.S.hascontinuedtoimprove.However,thepaceofimprovementhasslowedmarkedly.

　　Methodologically,thelessonfromtheJones-Klenowresearchisthateconomicwelfareismulti-dimensional.Theirapproachisflexibleenoughthatinprincipleotherimportantquality-of-lifechangescouldbeincorporated-forexample,decreasesintotalemissionsofpollutantsanddeclinesincrimerates.

　　46.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthe2021reportbytheCensusBureau?

　　A.Itisbasedonquestionablestatistics.

　　B.Itreflectstheeconomicchanges.

　　C.Itevidencestheimproved-welfare.

　　D.Itprovidesmuchfoodforthought.

　　47.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheJones-Klenowmethod?

　　A.Itiswidelyusedtocomparetheeconomicgrowthacrosscountries.

　　B.Itrevolutionizesthewayofmeasuringordinarypeople'slivelihood.

　　C.Itfocusesonpeople'sconsumptionratherthantheiraverageincome.

　　D.Itisamorecomprehensivemeasureofpeople'seconomicwell-being.

　　48.WhatdoJonesandKlenowthinkofthecomparisonbetweenFranceandtheU.S.intermsofrealconsumptionperperson?

　　A.Itreflectedtheexistingbiggapbetweenthetwoeconomies.

　　B.Itneglectedmanyimportantindicatorsofpeople'swelfare.

　　C.Itcoveredupthedifferencesbetweenindividualcitizens.

　　D.Itfailedtocountintheirdifferenceinnaturalresources.

　　49.WhatisanadvantageoftheJones-Klenowmethod?

　　A.Itcanaccuratelypinpointacountry'scurrenteconomicproblems.

　　B.Itcanhelptoraisepeople'sawarenessoftheireconomicwell-being.

　　C.Itcandiagnosethecausesofacountry'sslowingpaceofeconomicimprovement.

　　D.Itcancompareacountry'seconomicconditionsbetweendifferentperiodsoftime.

　　50.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutAmericanpeople'seconomicwell-being?

　　A.ItismuchbetterthanthatoftheirEuropeancounterparts.

　　B.Ithasbeenonthedeclineeversincetheturnofthecentury.

　　C.IthasnotimprovedasmuchasreportedbytheCensusBureau.

　　D.Ithasnotbeenaccuratelyassessedandreportedsincemid-2000s.

　　　　PassageTwo

　　Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Ifyou'veeverstartedasentencewith,"IfIwereyou...."orfoundyourselfscratchingyourheadatacolleague'sagonyoveradecisionwhentheansweriscrystal-clear,there'sascientificreasonbehindit.Ourowndecision-makingabilitiescanbecomedepletedoverthecourseofthedaycausingindecisionorpoorchoices,butchoosingonbehalfofsomeoneelseisanenjoyabletaskthatdoesn'tsufferthesamepitfalls.

　　Theproblemis"decisionfatigue,"apsychologicalphenomenonthattakesatollonthequalityofyourchoicesafteralongdayofdecisionmaking,saysEvanPolman,aleadingpsychologist.

　　Physicianswhohavebeenonthejobforseveralhours,forexample,aremorelikelytoprescribeantibioticstopatientswhenit'sunwisetodoso."Presumablyit'sbecauseit'ssimpleandeasytowriteaprescriptionandconsiderapatientcaseclosedratherthaninvestigatefurther,"Polmansays.

　　Butdecisionfatiguegoesawaywhenyouaremakingthedecisionforsomeoneelse.Whenpeopleimaginethemselvesasadvisersandimaginetheirownchoicesasbelongingtosomeoneelse,theyfeellesstiredandrelylessondecisionshortcutstomakethosechoices."Bytakingupontheroleofadviserratherthandecisionmaker,onedoesnotsuffertheconsequencesofdecisionfatigue,"hesays."It'sasifthere'ssomethingfunandliberatingaboutmakingsomeoneelse'schoice."

　　Gettinginputfromothersnotonlyoffersafreshperspectiveandthoughtprocess;itoftenalsoincludesriskierchoices.Whilethissoundsundesirable,itcanbequitegood,saysPolman."Whenpeopleexperiencedecisionfatigue-whentheyaretiredofmakingchoices-theyhaveatendencytochoosetogowiththestatusquo（现状）,"hesays."Butthestatusquocanbeproblematic,sinceachangeinthecourseofactioncansometimesbeimportantandleadtoapositiveoutcome."

　　Inordertoachieveasuccessfuloutcomeorreward,somelevelofriskisalmostalwaysessential."Peoplewhoaresusceptibletodecisionfatiguewilllikelychoosetodonothingoversomething,"hesays,"That'snottosaythatriskisalwaysgood,butitisrelatedtotakingaction9whereasdecisionfatigueassuredlyleadstoinactionandthepossiblechagrin（懊恼）ofadecisionmakerwhomightotherwisepreferanewcoursebutisunfortunatelyhindered."

　　Justbecauseyoucanmakegoodchoicesforothersdoesn'tmeanyou'lldothesameforyourself,Polmancautions."Researchhasfoundthatwomennegotiatehighersalariesforothersthantheydoforthemselves,"hesays,addingthatpeopleslipinandoutofdecisionroles.

　　51.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpeoplemakingdecisions?

　　A.Theymaybecomeexhaustedbymakingtoomanydecisionsforthemselves.

　　B.Theyaremorecautiousinmakingdecisionsforothersthanforthemselves.

　　C.Theytendtomakedecisionsthewaytheythinkadvantageoustothem.

　　D.Theyshowconsiderabledifferencesintheirdecision-makingabilities.

　　52.Whatdoestheexampleaboutthephysiciansillustrate?

　　A.Patientsseldomreceiveduecaretowardstheendoftheday.

　　B.Prescriptionofantibioticscanbeharmfultopatients'health.

　　C.Decisionfatiguemaypreventpeoplemakingwisedecisions.

　　D.Medicaldoctorsareespeciallysusceptibletodecisionfatigue.

　　53.Whendopeoplefeellessdecisionfatigue?

　　A.Whentheytakedecisionshortcuts.

　　B.Whentheyhelpotherstomakedecisions.

　　C.Whentheyhavemajordecisionstomake.

　　D.Whentheyhaveadviserstoturnto.

　　54.Whatarepeoplelikelytodowhendecisionfatiguesetsin?

　　A.Theyturntophysiciansforadvice.

　　B.Theytendtomakeriskydecisions.

　　C.Theyadoptatotallynewperspective.

　　D.Theyrefrainfromtryinganythingnew.

　　55.Whatdoesthepassagesayabouttakingsomeriskindecisionmaking?

　　A.Itisvitalforonetoreachthegoaldesired.

　　B.Itislikelytoentailseriousconsequences.

　　C.Itwillenablepeopletobemorecreative.

　　D.Itwillmoreoftenthannotendinregret.

　　　　Passageone

　　46.A

　　47.D

　　48.B

　　49.D

　　50.C

　　Passagetwo

　　51.A

　　52.C

　　53.B

　　54.D

　　55.A