巴朗Barron第一套模考题阅读部分.docx

巴朗Barron第一套模考题阅读部分.docx

《巴朗Barron第一套模考题阅读部分.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《巴朗Barron第一套模考题阅读部分.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

巴朗Barron第一套模考题阅读部分

1.1Beowulf

HistoricalBackground

TheepicpoemBeowulf,writteninOldEnglish,istheearliestexistingGermanicepicandoneoffoursurvivingAnglo-Saxonmanuscripts.AlthoughBeowulfwaswrittenbyananonymousEnglishmaninOldEnglish,thetaletakesplaceinthatpartofScandinaviafromwhichGermanictribesemigratedtoEngland.BeowulfcomesfromGeatland,thesoutheasternpartofwhatisnowSweden.Hrothgar,kingoftheDanes,livesnearwhatisnowLeire,onZealand,Denmark’slargestisland.TheBeowulfepiccontainsthreemajortalesaboutBeowulfandseveralminortalesthatreflectarichGermanicoraltraditionofmyths,legends,andfolklore.

TheBeowulfwarriorshaveafootinboththeBronzeandIronAges.Theirmead-hallsreflectthewealthylivingoftheBronzeAgeNorthmen,andtheirwoodenshields,wood-shaftedspears,andbronze-hiltedswordsarethoseoftheBronzeAgewarrior.However,theycarryiron-tippedspears,andtheirbestswordshaveironoriron-edgedblades.Beowulfalsoordersanironshieldforhisfightwithadragon.Ironreplacedbronzebecauseitproducedabladewithacuttingedgethatwasstrongerandsharper.TheNorthmenlearnedhowtoforgeironinabout500B.C.AlthoughtheyhadbeensuperiortotheEuropeanCeltsinbronzework,itwastheCeltswhotaughtthemhowtomakeanddesignironwork.IronwasaccessibleeverywhereinScandinavia,usuallyintheformof“bog-iron”foundinthelayersofpeatinpeatbogs.

TheBeowulfepicalsorevealsinterestingaspectsofthelivesoftheAnglo-SaxonswholivedinEnglandatthetimeoftheanonymousBeowulfpoet.TheGermanictribes,includingtheAngles,theSaxons,andtheJutes,invadedEnglandfromaboutA.D.450to600.BythetimeoftheBeowulfpoet,Anglo-SaxoninEnglishwasneitherprimitivenoruncultured.

AlthoughtheBeowulfmanuscriptwaswritteninaboutA.D.1000,itwasnotdiscovereduntiltheseventeenthcentury.BScholarsdonotknowwhetherBeowulfisthesolesurvivingepicfromaflourishingAnglo-Saxonliteraryperiodthatproducedothergreatepicsorwhetheritwasuniqueeveninitsowntime.CManyscholarsthinkthattheepicwasprobablywrittensometimebetweenthelateseventhcenturyandtheearlyninthcentury.Iftheyarecorrect,theoriginalmanuscriptwasprobablylostduringtheninth-centuryVikinginvasionsofAnglia,inwhichtheDanesdestroyedtheAnglo-Saxonmonasteriesandtheirgreatlibraries.However,otherscholarsthinkthatthepoet’sfavorableattitudetowardtheDanesmustplacetheepic’scompositionaftertheVikinginvasionsandatthestartoftheeleventhcentury,whenthisBeowulfmanuscriptwaswritten.

TheidentityoftheBeowulfpoetisalsouncertain.DHeapparentlywasaChristianwholovedthepaganheroictraditionofhisancestorsandblendedthevaluesofthepaganherowiththeChristianvaluesofhisowncountryandtime.BecausehewroteintheAngliandialect,heprobablywaseitheramonkinamonasteryorapoetinanAnglo-SaxoncourtlocatednorthoftheThamesRiver.

AppealandValue

Beowulfinterestscontemporaryreadersformanyreasons.First,itisanoutstandingadventurestory.Grendel,Grendel’smother,andthedragonaremarvelouscharacters,andeachfightisunique,action-packed,andexciting.Second,Beowulfisaveryappealinghero.Heistheperfectwarrior,combiningextraordinarystrength,skill,courage,andloyalty.LikeHercules,hedevoteshislifetomakingtheworldasaferplace.Hechoosestoriskdeathinordertohelpotherpeople,andhefaceshisinevitabledeathwithheroismanddignity.Third,theBeowulfpoetisinterestedinthepsychologicalaspectsofhumanbehavior.Forexample,theDanishhero’swelcomingspeechillustrateshisjealousyofBeowulf.ThebehaviorofBeowulf’swarriorsinthedragonfightrevealstheircowardice.Beowulf’sattitudestowardheroismreflecthismaturityandexperience,whileKingHrothgar’sattitudestowardlifeshowtheexperiencesofanagednobleman.

Finally,theBeowulfpoetexhibitsamatureappreciationofthetransitorynatureofhumanlifeandachievement.InBeowulf,asinthemajorepicsofothercultures,theheromustcreateameaningfullifeinaworldthatisoftendangerousanduncaring.Hemustaccepttheinevitabilityofdeath.Hechoosestorejectdespair;instead,hetakesprideinhimselfandinhisaccomplishments,andhevalueshumanrelationships.

1.Accordingtoparagraph1,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutBeowulf?

A.ItistheonlymanuscriptfromtheAnglo-Saxonperiod.

B.TheoriginalstorywaswritteninaGermandialect.

C.Theauthordidnotsignthisnametothepoem.

D.Itisoneofseveralepicsfromthefirstcentury.

2.Thewordwhichinthepassagerefersto

A.tale

B.Scandinavia

C.manuscripts

D.OldEnglish

3.Whydoestheauthormention“bog-iron”inparagraph2?

A.TodemonstratetheavailabilityofironinScandinavia

B.Toprovethatironwasbetterthanbronzeforweapons

C.ToarguethattheCeltsprovidedthematerialstomakeiron.

D.Tosuggestthat500B.C.wasthedatethattheIronAgebegan.

4.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheinformationinthehighlightedstatementinthepassage?

Theotherchoiceschangethemeaningorleaveoutimportantinformation.

A.SocietyinAnglo-Saxonswasbothadvancedandcultured.

B.ThesocietyoftheAnglo-Saxonswasnotprimitiveorcultured.

C.TheAnglo-Saxonshadasocietythatwasprimitive,notcultured.

D.EnglishduringtheAnglo-Saxonsocietywasadvanced,notcultured.

5.Theworduniqueinthepassageisclosetinmeaningto

A.old

B.rare

C.perfect

D.weak

6.Accordingtoparagraph4,whydomanyscholarsbelievethattheoriginalmanuscriptforBeowulfwaslost?

A.Becauseitisnotlikeothermanuscripts.

B.Becausemanylibrarieswereburned.

C.BecausetheDaneswerealliesoftheAnglo-Saxons

D.Becausenocopieswerefoundofthemonasteries

7.Inparagraph4,theauthorsuggeststhatBeowulfwasdiscoveredinthe

A.firstcentury

B.ninthcentury

C.elevencentury

D.seventeenthcentury

8.Whydoestheauthorofthispassageusetheword“apparently”inparagraph5?

A.HeisnotcertainthattheauthorofBeowulfwasaChristian.

B.Heismentioningfactsthatareobvioustothereaders.

C.Heisgivinganexamplefromahistoricalreference.

D.HeisintroducingevidenceabouttheauthorofBeowulf.

9.TheauthorcomparedtheBeowulfcharactertoHerculesbecause

A.theyarebothexampleoftheidealhero

B.theiradventureswithadragonareverysimilar

C.thespeechesthattheymakeareinspiring

D.theylivedataboutthesametime

10.Thewordexhibitsinthepassageisclosetinmeaningto

A.creates

B.demonstrates

C.assumes

D.terminates

11.Thewordrejectinthepassageisclosetinmeaningto

A.manage

B.evaluate

C.refuse

D.confront

12.Lookatthefoursquares[]thatshowwherethefollowingsentencecouldbeinsertedinthepassage.

Moreover,theydisagreeastowhetherthisBeowulfisacopyofanearliermanuscript.

Wherecouldthesentencebestbeadded?

Clickonasquare[]toinsertthesentenceinthepassage.

13.Directions:

Anintroductionforashortsummaryofthepassageappearsbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerchoicesthatmentionthemostimportantpointsinthepassage.Somesentencesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatarenotincludedinthepassageorareminorpointsfromthepassage.

Thisquestionisworth2points.

BeowulfistheoldestAnglo-Saxonepicpoemthathassurvivedtothepresentday.

●

●

●

AnswerChoices

A.TheNorthmenwereadeptincraftingtoolsandweaponsmadeofbronze,buttheCeltseresuperiorindesigningandworkinginiron.

B.IntheVikinginvasionsofEngland,theDanisharmiesdestroyedmonasteries,someofwhichcontainedextensivelibraries.

C.KingHrothgarandBeowulfbecomefriendsattheendoftheirlives,afterhavingspentdecadesopposingeachotheronthebattlefield.

D.ThepoemchronicleslifeinAnglo-SaxonsocietyduringtheBronzeandIronAgeswhenGermanictribeswereinvadingEngland.

E.AlthoughBeowulfwaswrittenbyananonymouspoet,probablyaChristian,about1000A.D.,itwasnotfoulduntiltheseventeenthcentury.

F.Beowulfisstillinterestingbecauseithasengagingcharacters,andadventuresplot,andanappreciationforhumanbehaviorandrelationships.

1.2Thermoregulation

Mammalsandbirdsgenerallymaintainbodytemperaturewithinanarrowrange（36–38°Cformostmammalsand39–42°Cformostbirds）thatisusuallyconsiderablywarmerthantheenvironment.Becauseheatalwaysflowsfromawarmobjecttocoolersurroundings,birdsandmammalsmustcounteracttheconstantheatloss.Thismaintenanceofwarmbodytemperaturedependsonseveralkeyadaptations.Themostbasicmechanismisthehighmetabolicrateofendothermyitself.Endothermscanproducelargeamountsofmetabolicheatthatreplacetheflowofheattotheenvironment,andtheycanvaryheatproductiontomatchchangingratesofheatloss.Heatproductionisincreasedbysuchmuscleactivityasmovingorshivering.Insomemammals,certainhormonescancausemitochondriatoincreasetheirmetabolicactivityandproduceheatinsteadofATP.Thisnonshiveringthermogenesis（NST）takesplacethroughoutthebody,butsomemammalsalsohaveatissuecalledbrownfatintheneckandbetweentheshouldersthatisspecializedforrapidheatproduction.ThroughshiveringandNST,mammalsandbirdsincoldenvironmentscanincreasetheirmetabolicheatproductionbyasmuchas5to10timesabovetheminimallevelsthatoccurinwarmconditions.

Anothermajorthermoregulatoryadaptationthatevolvedinmammalsandbirdsisinsul