经济管理加工贸易转型升级对策研究外文文献翻译.docx

经济管理加工贸易转型升级对策研究外文文献翻译.docx

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经济管理加工贸易转型升级对策研究外文文献翻译

China'sprocessingtradeundergoingarapidtransformation

Processingtradereferstothebusinessactivityofimportingallorpartoftherawandauxiliarymaterials,partsandcomponents,accessories,andpackagingmaterialsfromabroadinbond,andre-exportingthefinishedproductsafterprocessingorassemblybyenterpriseswithinthemainland.Itincludesprocessingwithsuppliedmaterialsandprocessingwithimportedmaterials.Underprocessingwithsuppliedmaterials,theimportedmaterialsandpartsaresuppliedbytheforeignpartywhichisalsoresponsibleforsellingthefinishedproducts.Thebusinessenterprisedoesnothavetomakeforeignexchangepaymentfortheimportsandonlychargestheforeignpartyaprocessingfee.Underprocessingwithimportedmaterials,thebusinessenterprisemakesforeignexchangepaymentfortheimportedmaterialsandpartsandexportsthefinishedproductsafterprocessing.

Sincetheprocessingtradepolicywasimplementedinlate1970s,theprocessingtradeinChinahasbeendevelopinginasustainedandrapidmanner;thetotalvolumeofexportsandimportsintheformofprocessingtradeincreasedfromUS$billionin1981toUS$in2006,upbynearly333times,anditsproportioninforeigntradeincreasedfrompercenttopercent.

TheDepartmentofMechanic,ElectronicandHi-TechIndustryoftheCommerceMinistryofPRCstatedthatwhatwasmoresatisfactorythananincreaseinquantitywasthatastheprocessingtradedevelopedcontinuallyandrapidly,thetransformationandupgradingofprocessingtradehadbeenaccelerated.Moreandmoreforeign-fundedenterprisestransferredtheirprocessingandmanufacturewithahighertechnologylevelandalargerappreciationcontenttoChina;influencedbythetechnologyandmanagementspillovereffectsinprocessingtrade,moreandmoreChinesecompanieshadspeededuptheirtechnologyimprovementandindustrialupgrading.

Theindustrialstructureinprocessingtradehasbeencontinuouslyoptimized.

DuringtheTenthFive-YearPlanperiod,theexportvaluerealizedintheprocessingtradeofmechanicandelectronicproductsamountedtoUS$billion,accountingforpercentofthetotalprocessingtradeexportvalueand%ofthetotalexportvalueformechanicandelectronicproducts;suchanexportvalueistimesmorethanthatintheNinthFive-YearPlanperiodwithanannualgrowthrateof29percent,whichistimesthegrowthrateforChina'sprocessingtradeexportvalueduringthesameperiodoftime.Chinahasbecomethelargestproducerandexporterofmechanicandelectronicproductslikemobilephones,homeappliancesandlaptopsintheworld.In2005,percentofthelaptopsmanufacturedinChina,99percentofthecolorvideoprojectorsandthemicrocomputersmanufacturedinChina,98percentoftheplasmacolorTVsetsmanufacturedinChina,97percentofDVDplayersmanufacturedinChina,and96percentoftheshipsmanufacturedinChinawereexportedintheformofprocessingtrade.DuringtheTenthFive-YearPlanperiod,theexportvaluerealizedthroughtheprocessingtradeofhi-techproductamountedtoUS$billion,accountingforpercentofthetotalprocessingtradeexportvalueand87percentofthetotalexportvalueforhi-techproducts;suchanexportvalueistimesmorethanthatintheNinthFive-YearPlanperiodwithanannualgrowthrateof41percentandtimesthegrowthrateforChina'stotalexportvaluerealizedintheformofprocessingtradeduringthesameperiod.

In2006,therespectiveexportvaluesrealizedintheprocessingtradeofmechanicandelectronicproductsandhi-techproductsamountedtoUS$billionandUS$billion,theproportionofwhichinthetotalexportvaluerealizedintheformofprocessingtradewererespectivelypercentandpercent,uppercentagepointsandpercentagepointsyearonyearrespectively.

Theregionaldistributionofprocessingtradehasbeensomehowameliorated.Firstly,theprocessingtradeinthemiddleandwesternpartsofChinadevelopedfastthoughitstartedratherlatethere.In2005,thetotalexportvalueandtotalimportvaluerealizedintheformofprocessingtradeinthemiddleandwesternpartsofChinaaddeduptoUS$billion,timesmorethanthatin2000withanannualgrowthrateof23percent,abitfasterthanthegrowthrateforChina'sprocessingtradeasawhole.Secondly,theproductstructureoftheprocessingtradeinthemiddleandwesternpartsofChinahasalsobeensomehowameliorated.In2005,theexportvaluerealizedintheprocessingtradeofmechanicandelectronicproductsinthemiddleandwesternpartsofChinawasUS$billion,timesmorethanthatin2000withanannualgrowthrateof26percent,andtheproportionofsuchanexportvalueintheexportvaluerealizedintheformofprocessingtradeinthemiddleandwesternpartsofChinawas33percent,7percentagepointshigherthanin2000.Thirdly,theprocessingtradeincoastalareas,inwhichthePearlRiverDeltaonceseizedanabsoluteproportion,isgraduallydevelopingintheYangtzeDeltaandtheBohaiRim.In2005,theprocessingtradeinGuangdongProvinceaccountedforpercentofthegrossinChinawithadecreaseofpercentagepointsthanin2000;duringthesameperiod,theproportionseizedbyJiangsuProvinceamountedtopercentofthegrossinChinawithanincrementofpercentagepointsandthatseizedbyShanghaiamountedto12percentofthegrossinChinawithanincrementof2percentagepoints.

In2006,thererealizedarespectiveexportvalueofoverUS$billionthroughprocessingtradeinHenan,AnhuiandHubei,threeprovincesinthemiddleandwesternpartsofChina;variousprovinceslikeJiangxi,Sichuan,Hubei,AnhuiandYunnansawagrowthmarginofover65percentfortheirexportsthroughprocessingtrade.

Theindustrychainofprocessingtradehasbeenextendingcontinuously.Firstofall,thecarryingforwardservicesfordeepprocessingforthepurposeofprocessingtradepresentsatrendofrapiddevelopment,itsscaleisgettingincreasinglylargeranditoccursmoreandmorefrequently.Inthesecondplace,astheprocessingtradekeptextendingtowardsindependentresearchanddevelopmentalongitsindustrialchain,moreandmoreresearchanddevelopmentcentershavebeenbuiltup.Tillnow,foreigncompanieshavesetupover750researchanddevelopmentcentersinChina;nearly40transnationalcorporationshaveestablishedregionalHQsinChina.

AsintroducedbypersonnelinchargeintheDepartmentofMechanic,ElectronicandHi-TechIndustry,theMinistryofFinance,theNationalDevelopmentandReformCommission,theMinistryofCommerce,theGeneralAdministrationofCustoms,andtheStateAdministrationofTaxationjointlyissuedtheCircularonAdjustingtheTaxRefundRateofSomeExportCommoditiesandSupplementingtheCommoditiesCatalogueProhibitedformProcessingTradeonSeptember15,2006soastoguidethetransformationandupgradingofprocessingtradeinChina;onNovember3,2006,theMinistryofCommerce,theGeneralAdministrationofCustomsandtheStateEnvironmentalProtectionAdministrationjointlypublishedthe[2006]82ndAnnouncementtogetcommercialproductsthetaxrefundforwhichwerecancelledandcertaincommoditiesprocessedatalowlevelthatwillresultinaseriouspollutionandconsumealargeamountofresourcesandenergyenlistedintheCatalogueofProhibitedCommoditiesinProcessingTrade.

IntheCatalogueofProhibitedCommoditiesinProcessingTradeissuedthistime,priorityhasbeengiventocommoditiesthetaxrefundforwhichwerecancelled,whichinclude804commoditiesbelongingtovarious（ten-digit）taxitemnumbersandaccountforpercentofthetotalnumberoftaxitemnumbersforexportandimportproducts.Theimportof77commoditiesisprohibited,andsuchcommoditiesaremainlythosetheimportofwhichisprohibitedininternationalpactsorthatwillproduceseriouspollutionswhenbeingprocessed,includingtigerbones,ores,oreresiduals,andfiberwaste;theexportof503commoditieswereprohibited,andsuchagroupismainlymadeupofprimaryrawmaterialsfordeepprocessinglikeplanks,sulfur,soil,andstonematerials,andmetalrawmaterials,butenterprisesimportingsuchcommoditiesasrawmaterialsfortheirprocessingtradewillcontinuetoenjoythebondedtreatment;boththeexportandimportof224commoditieswereprohibited,andsuchcommoditiesaremainlycommoditiesprocessedatalowlevel,resultinginseriouspollutionsandconsumingalargeamountofresourcesandenergy,likecoal,pitch,flammablegasesandpesticides.

PersonnelinchargefromtheDepartmentofMechanic,ElectronicandHi-TechIndustrybelievedthatthenewCatalogueofProhibitedCommoditiesinProcessingTrademainlyinvolvedhighlyresource-consumingchemicalandsmeltingproductswithseriouspollutions;andthegrossprocessingtradewillnotbegreatlyaffectedastheprocessingtradeofmechanicandelectronicproductsaccountfor75percentofthegrossforChinaatpresent.

Materialsandpartsimportedinbondmustbere-exportedafterprocessing,andenterprisesmaynotselltheirbondedmaterialsandpartsorfinishedproductsinChina.Ifsuchgoodshavetobesoldonthedomesticmarketforspecialreasons,approvalmustbeobtainedfromthecommerceauthoritiesinchargeofprocessingtradeatprovinciallevelaswellasCustoms.BusinessenterprisesandprocessingenterprisesmustpromptlypaythetariffsandVATexemptedontheimportedmaterialsandpartsifthesegoodsaresolddomestically,whethertheimportsettlementisinrenminbiorinforeigncurrency.Forcommoditiessubjecttoimportrestrictionorimportlicensing,enterprisesshouldapplyforapprovalinarrearsfromtheauthoritiesconcer