高中英语语法虚拟语气全总结.docx
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高中英语语法虚拟语气全总结
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中
从句
主句
例句
与现在事实相反假设
If+主语+助动词过去式(were,did,had)
主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形
IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.
IfIwereyou,Ishouldseizetheopportunitytogoabroad.
与过去事实相反假设
If+主语+had+过去分词
主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexam.
与将来事实相反假设
1If+主语+动词过去式
2If+主语+wereto+动词原形
3If+主语+should+动词原形(注意不能是would)
主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形
Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.
Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeeting.
Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,weshouldputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday.
①错综时间条件句:
当条件状语从句表示行为和主句表示行为所发生时间不一致时,被称为错综时间条件句,动词形式要根据它表示时间作出相应调整。
如:
Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.
Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.
②if省略句
在条件句中可以省略if,把were,had,should提到句首,变成倒装句式。
如:
IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.
→WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.
如果我还有上学机会,我会更加努力学习。
Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.
→Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.
如果你来得早点,你就能赶上公共汽车。
Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.
→Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.
如果明天下雨话,我们就不能登山去了。
③用介词代替条件状语从句
常用介词有with,without,butfor。
如:
Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?
(=ifyouhadamilliondollars)
如果你有100万元,你会做什么?
Wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.(=ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp)
没有你帮助,我们不可能提前完成这项工作。
Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.
=Butforyourhelp,…
=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,…
=Haditnotbeenforyouhelp,…
没有你帮助,我们不可能提前完成这项工作。
④含蓄条件句
有时在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导条件句,而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。
如:
Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.(副词)
Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(连词)
Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.(定语从句)
Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.(连词)
Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.(独立主格结构)
⑤evenif,eventhough也可用于虚拟语气,其形式与if从句在虚拟语气中形式相同。
习题
1.Ifmylawyer___herelastSaturday,he___mefromgoing.
A.hadbeen,wouldhaveprevented
B.hadbeen,wouldprevent
C.were,wouldprevent
D.were,wouldhaveprevented
2.Ifit___forthesnow,we___themountainyesterday.
A.werenot,couldhaveclimbed
B.werenot,couldclimb
C.hadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbed
D.hadnotbeen,couldclimb
3.Withoutelectricity(电)humanlife___quitedifficulttoday.
A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe
4.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting,ifshe___,shewouldhavemetmybrother.
A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome
5.Whenthepencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit___.
A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken
6.Hehesitated(犹豫)foramomentbeforekicking(踢)theball.Otherwisehe___agoal.
A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored
7.___rightnow,shewouldgetthereonSunday.
A.Wouldsheleave
B.Ifsheleaves
C.Wereshetoleave
D.Ifshehadleft
8.Hadheworkedharder,he___theexam.
A.musthavegotthrough
B.wouldhavegotthrough
C.wouldgetthrough
D.couldgetthrough
9.Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhe___then.
A.wouldhavebeenhere
B.hadtobehere
C.shouldbehere
D.wouldbehere
10.___formyillnessIwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand.
A.Notbeing
B.Haditnotbeen
C.Withoutbeing
D.Nothavingbeen
11.Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewe___him.
A.wouldhavecalled
B.musthavetelephoned
C.wouldtelephone
D.hadtelephoned
虚拟语气
(1)复习题
1.He___youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.
A.mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegivenD.maygive
2.___foryourlaziness(懒惰),youcouldhavefinishedtheassignment(任务)bynow.
A.HaditnotbeenB.ItwerenotC.weren’titD.Hadnotitbeen
3.IfIhadn’tstoodundertheladder(梯子)tocatchyouwhenyoufell,you___now.
A.wouldn’tbesmilingB.couldn’thavesmiledC.won’tsmileD.didn’tsmile
4.Ifit___ProfessorJohnson’srecommendation(推荐),Iwouldn’thavebeenadmittedtothegraduateschool(研究生学院).
A.werenotforB.hadnotbeenforC.werenotD.haditnotbeen
5.Ifwedonotdevelopanewkindofcar,airpollution___evenmoredangerous.
A.shouldhavebecomeB.willbecomeC.wouldhavebecomeD.musthavebecome
6.Butforthestormyweather,we___earlier.
A.shouldarriveB.shallarriveC.shouldhavearrivedD.shallhavearrived
7.Ifwe___theirterms(条款,条件),wewouldgobankrupt(破产).
A.acceptB.shouldacceptC.hadacceptedD.aretoaccept
8.Johnwouldneverhavegonetothehospital___thatTomwouldbethere,too.
A.hedidnotknowB.ifhadheknownC.hadheknownD.hewouldhaveknown
9.Hadhebeenmorecareful,he___thataccident.
A.wouldavoidB.wouldhaveavoidedC.avoidedD.shouldavoid
10.Butthathecametohelpme,I___thereearlier.
A.couldnotarriveB.couldnothavearrivedC.didnotarriveD.cannotarrive
11.Shecouldlookmoreattractive(有魅力,吸引人)butshe___noattentiontoherclothes.
A.paysB.waspayingC.paidD.hadpaid
12.IfI___inhisplace,Iwoulddothat,too.
A.wasB.wereC.amD.hadbeen
虚拟语气
(2)——虚拟语气在名词从句中
1.在由suggest,demand,require,request,insist,order,command,propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出名词从句中,名词从句虚拟句谓语变化形式只有一条规律——名词从句虚拟句无论其主句谓语动词时何种形式,从句谓语形式均为should+动词原形,其中should可以省去。
(特别提醒:
不是用would,而是用should。
)
常见这类动词有:
ask要求,advise,beg,suggest建议,command命令,demand要求,request请求,insist,require要求,order下令,propose,advice,recommend,intend,prefer宁愿,permit,persuade,expect,decide决定,instruct,object,determine,urge,appoint等等
Ourteachersuggestedthatwe(should)notleavetheclassroom.老师建议我们不要离开教室。
Heinsistedthatshedoitrightnow.他坚持她马上就做。
在Itis/was+上述动词-ed形式+that从句中
ItissuggestedbythedoctorthatIshouldgiveupsmoking.医生建议我戒烟。
当上述动词以其名词形式出现,并且被用作主语,引导一个表语从句或者同位语从句时
Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)setouttomorrowmorning.我建议我们明早动身。
Thesuggestionthatthesportsmeeting(should)putoff
2.
在Itis/wasnecessary,important等形容词+that从句中,常见这类形容词有:
necessary,important,essential,vital,advisable,urgent,desirable,natural,strange,imperative等
Itisnecessarythatyoushouldattendthemeeting.你有必要参加会议。
Itisimperativethatyouarrivethereintime.你必须按时到达那儿。
在Itisapity(ashame,nowonder)+that从句中
Itisapitythatyoufailtheexam.
Itisnowonderhebelateforclass.
练习题
1.Iinsistthatadoctor___immediately.
A.hasbeensentforB.sendsforC.willbesentforD.besentfor
2.Themanagerofthehotelrequests(要求)thattheirguests(客人们)___after11:
00p.m..
A.nottoplayloudmusicB.shouldn’tplayloudmusicC.don’tplayloudmusicD.couldn’tplayloudmusic
3.Mike’suncleinsists___inthishotel.
A.stayingnotB.nottostayC.thathewouldnotstayD.thathenotstay
4.Itwasessential(重要)thattheapplicationforms(申请表)___backbeforetheheadline(截止日期).
A.mustbesentB.wouldbesentC.besentD.weresent
5.Itisnecessary___thedictionaryimmediately.
A.thathewillreturnB.thathereturnedC.thathereturnD.thathehastoreturn
6.Itisproposed(建议)thatthematter(事情,事件)___discussedatthenextmeeting.
A.willbeB.wasC.wouldbeD.be
7.Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagerthatradios___after11o’clockatnight.
A.werenotplayedB.notbeplayedC.nottoplayD.didnotplay
8.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion___.
A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istoputoff
9.Idon’tthinkitadvisable(明智,可取,适当)thatTom___tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.
A.isassignedB.willbeassignedC.beassignedD.hasbeenassigned
10.Itisessential(必要,重要)thatthebooksyouborrowedfromthelibrary___backbeforethedeadline(截止日期).
A.besentB.wouldbesentC.weresentD.mustbesent
11.Heinsistedthathisfather___withthem.
A.goB.willgoC.willbegoingD.went
12.Theworkersdemanded()thattheirwages()___by20percent.
A.raisedB.raiseC.shouldhavebeenraisedD.beraised
13.Atthemeetingeverybodywasagainsthissuggestionthatanewbridge___overtheriver.
A.bebuiltB.mustbebuiltC.wastobebuiltD.hadtobebuilt
虚拟语气(3)——虚拟语气其他用法
在wish后面宾语从句中
对现在虚拟,从句谓语动词用过去时
IwishIwerealittleyounger.我希望我能够年轻一点。
对过去虚拟,从句谓语动词用过去完成时(haddone)或“would/could+现在完成时”
IwishIhadbeenthere.我真希望我当时在那里。
IwishIhadnotattendedthatparty.我真希望我当时没参加那个聚会。
对将来虚拟,从句谓语用“would/could+动词原形”
Iwishhecouldexplainwhathemeans.
在ifonly感叹句中
表示“但愿”,“要是……就好了”用法和wish基本相同,只是比wish具有更强烈感情色彩。
Ifonlytherainwouldstop.(对将来虚拟)但愿雨能停。
IfonlyIweretaller.(对现在虚拟)我个子要是能高一点就好了。
IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice!
(对过去虚拟)要是我听从了你建议就好了!
在asif/asthough引导从句中
表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑,谓语用过去时
Ireallydon’tlikethewayyouarespeakingtome.Itseemsasifyouweremyfather.我真非常讨厌你和我说话方式。
你听起来就好像是我爸爸。
表示与过去事实相反,谓语用过去完成时
Hekepttellinguswhathadhappenedasifhehadbeentherehimself.他不停地和我们讲发生事情,好像他当时在场一样。
有时也用陈述语气,这时表示较大真实性或可能性
Itisbecomingdark.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.天变黑了,似乎就要下雨了。
ItseemsasifhehadbeentoAmerica.他好像去过美国。
在wouldrather结构中
wouldratherdosth.表示将来或现在事件,“主语宁愿自己做某事”
Iwouldrathergotheretomorrow.我想明天去那里。
Hewouldrathernotstayathometonight.他今晚不想在家呆着。
wouldratherhavedonesth.表示过去事件,“主语宁愿自己过去做了某事,但实际上没有做”
Shewouldrathernothavegonetotheparty.她觉得真是不该去参加那个晚会。
wouldrathersb.Did表示是将来或现在事件,“主语宁愿让另外一个人做某事”
Don’tcometomorrow.I’dratheryoucamenextweekend.明天就别来了,我希望你下周末过来。
wouldrathersb.haddone表示过去事件,“主语宁愿别人过去做了某事,但实际上没有做”
Iwouldratheryouhadreturnedthebookyes