stepbystep3000第三册unit2答案及原文.docx

stepbystep3000第三册unit2答案及原文.docx

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stepbystep3000第三册unit2答案及原文

Unit2EarthandEnvironment

Part1Warmingup

A

1....impactofclimatechange…damagetocrops…worse...

2....2000delegates…northernBrazil…thirdUnitedNationsConferenceonDesertification.

3....Ahugeoilspill…Mexico,...

4.Wildfires…Florida…contained…aweek...

5....Greenlandismeltingaroundtheedges…50cubickilometers…raiseglobalsealevel...

B

1.Itattemptstobalanceenvironmentalconcernsandtheneedsofthecommunity.

2.Reptilespeciesareingreatertroublethanamphibianspecies.

3.Anewapproachinthefightagainsttheillegaldrugstrade.

4.Oneineveryeightspeciesofplantsisthreatenedwithextinction.

5.Anewlocaldirectoryfortheenvironmentally-aware,calledthe“BoulderCountyGreenPages”.

Tapescripts:

1.Australiaistheworld’sdriestcontinent.There’sgeneralagreementthatthecountryhastousewatermoreefficiently.Inmanypartsuppliesareincrisis.

AtameetinginCanberra,theCouncilofAustralianGovernmentshasapprovednationalwaterplan.Itattemptstobalanceenvironmentalconcernsandtheneedsofthecommunity.Theamountofwatertakenfromriversforcommercialuseistobecutandfarmerswillbecompensated.

2.Thedisappearanceanddeformityofamphibianssuchasfrogsandsalamandersfromrainforestsandmountainlakesworldwidehasattractedwide-spreadscientificattentionoverthelastdecade.Nowanewstudysaysreptilespeciesincludingturtles,snakes,andalligatorsareinevengreatertrouble.Twiceasmanyreptilesasamphibians,orsome100species,arecurrentlylistedasendangeredbytheWorldConservationUnion.Thestudysayshabitatlossanddegradation,pollution,disease,climatechange,andover-collectionforfood,petsanddrugsarethemajorthreattoreptiles.

3.FourregionalgovernorsfromColumbia,onavisittoWashington,havesharplycriticizedanAmerican-backedaerialoffensivetoeradicatethousandsofhectaresofillegalcokeandpoppyplantations.Atanewsconferencethegovernorscalledforadifferentapproachinthefightagainsttheillegaldrugstrade,sayingthattheherbicidescurrentlybeingusedwereharmfultopublichealthandtheenvironment.

4.Muchattentionhasbeendevotedtothethreatenedanimalspecies.Butwhataboutplantswhicharethefundamentalbasesoflife?

Oneineveryeightspeciesofplantsisthreatenedwithextinction.Sinceallfoodchainsbegininthesphereofplantlife,thisisbadnewsfortheanimalstoo,includinghumanswhodependonplantsnotonlyforfoodbutalsoformedicines,buildingmaterials,andothervitalpurposes.

5.Anewlocaldirectoryfortheenvironmentally-awareisnowavailable,calledthe“BoulderCountyGreenPages.”TheRotaryClubsinBoulderCountygottogetherwithlocalrecyclingandenvironmentalspecialiststoputtogetherthisfirsteverdirectory.Itincludesquickreferencetogreenproductsandservicesforrecycling,xeriscaping,energyconservation,andmore.The$5costhelpsraisefundsforthesponsoringgroups.

PartIINewsReports

A

...Washington…theinformationeconomy…deterioratinghealthoftheplanet…informationeconomy…communication…educationandentertainment…physicalexam…vitalsigns…species…climate…temperatures…watertables…glaciers…forests…fisheries…tostabilizebothclimateandworldpopulationgrowth

Tapescript:

AnannualstudybytheWorldwatchInstitutehereinWashingtonsayswiththeboomintheinformationeconomy,Americanshavelostsightofthedeterioratinghealthoftheplanet.

StateoftheWorld2000saysthefastgrowinginformationeconomyisaffectingeveryaspectoflife,fromcommunication,commerceandwork,toeducationandentertainment.

LeadauthorandWorldwatchPresidentLesterBrownsayswhileAmericansgenerallyfeelasenseofoptimismabouttheeconomy,theplanet’shealthissuffering.Hesaysitisamistake“toconfusethevibrancyofthevirtualworldwiththeincreasinglytroubledstateoftherealworld.”

“Wegivetheearthanannualphysical,andthisbookistheresultofthatannualphysical.Wecheckitsvitalsigns.Andalmostallthosevitalsigns,whetherit’sthenumberofspecies,whetherit’sthestabilityofclimate,whetherit’sthenumberofspecies,whetherit’sthestabilityofclimate,whetherit’sthehealthofcoralreefs,allthosetrendsshowdeterioration.”

LesterBrownsaysotherwarningsignsarerisingtemperatures,fallingwatertables,meltingglaciers,shrinkingforestsandcollapsingfisheries.Hesaysthemajorenvironmentalchallengesinthe21stcenturywillbetostabilizebothclimateandworldpopulationgrowth.

WorldwatchInstitutePresidentLesterBrownalsopointsoutinitiativesbymultinationalcorporationstoseekenergyalternatives.Forexample,Daimler-ChryslerandShellOilareworkingwiththegovernmentofIcelandtoturnthatcountryintothefirsthydrogenpoweredeconomy.

B

Summary

…thesevereshortageofwaterinsomedevelopingnations.…globalsolutionsarefoundsoon.

Answerstothequestions

1.150

2.Monday

3.Almostonebillionpeoplecouldsufferfromascarcityofwater.

4.MiddleEast,partsofAfrica,westernAsia,NortheasternChina,westernandsouthernIndia,largepartsofPakistanandMexico,partsofthePacificcoastoftheUnitedStatesandSouthAmerica.

5.Totreatwaterasapreciousresource.

6.5liters

7.50liters

8.500liters

Tapescript:

TheUNwaterexpertsarewarningthataseverewatershortagewillhavewhattheycallcatastrophicconsequencesinsomedevelopingnationsunlessglobalsolutionsarefoundsoon.OnehundredandfiftyexpertsaroundtheworldwilldiscussthewatersituationataconferencebeginningMondayinGeneva.

AtopofficialfromtheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationArthurAskewsaysthatbytheyear2025,almost1billionpeoplecouldbelivinginareassufferingfromascarcityofwater.Hesaysthenumbercoulddoublebythemiddleofthenextcentury.MrAskewsaysoneareawithseriouswaterproblemsistheMiddleEast.Buthesaysofficialsintheareaarealreadyworkingonwaystodealwiththesituation.

ExpertssaywatershortageproblemsalsocoulddevelopinpartsofAfricaandwesternAsiaaswellasnortheasternChina,westernandsouthernIndia,largepartsofPakistanandMexico,andpartsofthePacificcoastoftheUnitedStatesandSouthAmerica.MrAskewsaysthere’samoralobligationtotreatwaterasapreciousresourceandaneedtorealizethatlargeamountsofwaterareusedoftenwastefullyinfoodproductionandmanufacturing.

“Allcommoditieshaveusedwaterintheirproductionandyoumustbeawarethereforethatifyou’reimportingfoodfromonecountrytoanotheryouareinfactimportingpartofthewaterresourcesofthatcountry.”

MrAskewalsosayswatershortagesleadtoaconflictbetweenruralandurbandemands.

“Inmanyregionsoftheworld,thewatercrisisisnotcomingbecauseofhumanconsumptiondirectlyforpotablewater,fordrinking,orforsanitarypurposes,it’scomingforagriculture.Andingeneralabout80percentofthewater,whichisconsumed,i.e.,isextractedfromtheriversorfromundergroundresourcesandisnotreturned,isforagriculture.Andthere’sconsiderablepressurenowontheagriculturalsectorstoseeiftheycannotusethatwateroreefficiently.

MrAskewsaysit’sestimatedthatapersonneedsabout5litersofwateradaytosurvive,andapersonneedsabout5litersofwateradaytosurvive,andapersonlivescomfortablywithabout50litersaday.Buthesayspeopleinmanycountriesareusing500litersofwatereachday.Hesayswaysmustbefoundtoreducesuchoverusebeforeit’stoolate.

PartIIICityrecycling

Aa.2b.4c.3d.1

B

1.130,000/80%

2.Plastic/glass/tincans/newspapers

3.Recycletruckpickitup.

4.Oneofcommunity’srecyclingcenters

5.Eachweekday

6.Conductstoursoftheplant

7.3/4

8.Sodtoothercompaniesthatmakethemintodifferentproducts

9.Madeintonewcontainers

10.OneofthetopfiveintheUSA

Tapescript:

TheUnitedStatesisrunningoutoflandfillspace,placestoputitstrash.Becauseofthat,morecommunitiesareencouragingtheirresidentstorecycle,tosetasidecertainmaterialsthatwon’tgotothelandfill.Oneareathat’smettherecyclingchallengehead-on,isthesoutheastCityofCharlotte,NorthCarolina.Injustafewyears,itsrecyclingprogramhasbecomeoneofthecountry’smostsuccessful.

CatherineSmithlivesinoneofthe130,000eligiblerecyclinghouseholdsinCharlotte,NorthCarolina.Nearly80percentofthehouseholdsparticipateintheprogram.Eachweek,Smithgoestoherfrontporchandfillsherredplasticbinwithrecyclables.“You’vegotanyplasticcontainersmarkedoneortwo.You’vegotanyglass.Theyalsorecycletincansandnewspapers.Soallofthatcangointhecurbsidepick-upbin.”

“Well,thisistheeasypart.Thensomeone,ah,drivingaCharlotteMecklenburg‘RecycleNow’truckcomesand,usually,atsomepoint—tomorroworFriday—andtheypickitupatcurbside.Andthat’sit.”

Fromthere,Smith’scans,bottles,andnewspapersaretakentooneofthecommunity’srecyclingcenters.TheCityofCharlotteactuallycontractswithaprivatecompanytoprocesstherecyclables.

ThisplantisoperatedbyacompanycalledFCR.TherecyclingtruckspullintoFCReachweekdaymorningtodropofftheusedmaterial.Inside,theprocessingcenteratFCRisbustlingwithactivity.Oneofthefirstthingsyounoticeinthe26,000-square-footfacilityisahugemoundofmaterialscalledthe“comminglearea.”Basically,it’sabigpileofassortedtrash.Thereareforkliftstransportinggarbage,andpeoplesortingthroughit.PaulaHoffmaniseducat