全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语.docx
《全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语.docx(18页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语
(二)
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.Todayisnodifferent,withacademics,writers,andactivistsonceagain1thattechnologybereplacinghumanworkers.Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedby2.Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital,andthemasseswillstruggleinanimpoverishedwasteland.
Adifferentandnotmutuallyexclusive3holdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandofadifferentsort,one4bypurposelessness:
Withoutjobstogivetheirlives5,peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed.6,today’sunemployeddon’tseemtobehavingagreattime.OneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedforatleastayearreporthavingdepression,doubletheratefor7Americans.Also,someresearchsuggeststhatthe8forrisingratesofmortality,mental-healthproblems,andaddicting9poorly-educatedmiddle-agedpeopleisshortageofwell-paidjobs.Perhapsthisiswhymany10theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.
Butitdoesn’t11followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithunease.Suchvisionsarebasedonthe12ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.Inthe13ofwork,asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould14strikinglydifferentcircumstancedforthefutureoflaborandleisure.Today,the15ofworkmaybeabitoverblown.“Manyjobsareboring,degrading,unhealthy,andawasteofhumanpotential,”saysJohnDanaher,alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIrelandinGalway.
Thesedays,becauseleisuretimeisrelatively16formostworkers,peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional17oftheirjobs.“WhenIcomehomefromahardday’swork,Ioftenfeel18,”Danahersays,adding,“InaworldinwhichIdon’thavetowork,Imightfeelratherdifferent”—perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself19ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor20matters.
1.[A]boasting[B]denying[C]warning[D]ensuring
【答案】[C]warning
2.[A]inequality[B]instability[C]unreliability[D]uncertainty
【答案】[A]inequality
3.[A]policy[B]guideline[C]resolution[D]prediction
【答案】[D]prediction
4.[A]characterized[B]divided[C]balanced[D]measured
【答案】[A]characterized
5.[A]wisdom[B]meaning[C]glory[D]freedom
【答案】[B]meaning
6.[A]Instead[B]Indeed[C]Thus[D]Nevertheless
【答案】[B]Indeed
7.[A]rich[B]urban[C]working[D]educated
【答案】[C]working
8.[A]explanation[B]requirement[C]compensation[D]substitute
【答案】[A]explanation
9.[A]under[B]beyond[C]alongside[D]among
【答案】[D]among
10.[A]leavebehind[B]makeup[C]worryabout[D]setaside
【答案】[C]worryabout
11.[A]statistically[B]occasionally[C]necessarily[D]economically
【答案】[C]necessarily
12.[A]chances[B]downsides[C]benefits[D]principles
【答案】[B]downsides
13.[A]absence[B]height[C]face[D]course
【答案】[A]absence
14.[A]disturb[B]restore[C]exclude[D]yield
【答案】[D]yield
15.[A]model[B]practice[C]virtue[D]hardship
【答案】[C]virtue
16.[A]tricky[B]lengthy[C]mysterious[D]scarce
【答案】[D]scarce
17.[A]demands[B]standards[C]qualities[D]threats
【答案】[A]demands
18.[A]ignored[B]tired[C]confused[D]starved
【答案】[B]tired
19.[A]off[B]against[C]behind[D]into
【答案】[D]into
20.[A]technological[B]professional[C]educational[D]interpersonal
【答案】[B]professional
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaroundtheirlocalpark.TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhasinspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.Eventsarefree,staffedbythousandsofvolunteers.Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparents;theirtimesrangefromAndrewBaddeley’sworldrecord13minutes48secondsuptoanhour.
ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon’sOlympic“legacy”isfailing.TenyearsagoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.PlanningdocumentspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbetolevelanationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun—upto2021—butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.Obesityhasrisenamongadultsandchildren.OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2021failedto“inspireageneration.”ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.
Parkunisnotaracebutatimetrial:
Youronlycompetitoristheclock.Theethoswelcomesanybody.Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportsandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.Thedualaimwasmixedup:
Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfornewcomers.
Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedintheplanningofsuchafundamentally“grassroots”,conceptascommunitysportsassociations.Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods—makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.Oratleastnotmakethemworse.
21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas.
[A]gainedgreatpopularity
[B]createdmanyjobs
[C]strengthenedcommunityties
[D]becomeanofficialfestival
【答案】[A]gainedgreatpopularity
22.TheauthorbelievesthatLondon’sOlympic“legacy”hasfailedto.
[A]boostpopulationgrowth
[B]promotesportparticipation
[C]improvethecity’simage
[D]increasesporthoursinschools
【答案】[B]promotesportparticipation
23.ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit.
[A]aimsatdiscoveringtalents
[B]focusesonmasscompetition
[C]doesnotemphasizeelitism
[D]doesnotattractfirst-timers
【答案】[C]doesnotemphasizeelitism
24.Withregardtomasssport,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshould.
[A]organize“grassroots”sportsevents
[B]superviselocalsportsassociations
[C]increasefundsforsportsclubs
[D]investinpublicsportsfacilities
【答案】[D]investinpublicsportsfacilities
25.Theauthor’sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedoneforsportsis.
[A]tolerant
[B]critical
[C]uncertain
[D]sympathetic
【答案】[B]critical
Text2
Withsomuchfocusonchildren’suseofscreens,it’seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,“anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.”
Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhosueddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.
Infantsarewiredtolookatparents’facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive—astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice—itcanbeextremelydisconcertingfoethechildren.Radeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback;Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother’sattention.“Parentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelyparentsatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild’sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,”saysRadesky.
Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids’useofscreensarebornoutofan“oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting”withtheirchildren:
“It’sbasedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou’refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem.”Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn’tlearningfromthescreendoesn’tmeanthere’snovaluetoit—particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscan