全国卷高考语法专题虚拟语气.docx
《全国卷高考语法专题虚拟语气.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《全国卷高考语法专题虚拟语气.docx（18页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
全国卷高考语法专题虚拟语气
2016全国卷高考语法专题虚拟语气
高考英语语法专题虚拟语气
一虚拟语气概述
●陈述语气：
表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如：
Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion.
Wereyoubusyalldayyesterday?
●祈使语气：
表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
如：
Neverbelateagain!
Don’tforgettoturnoffthelight.
●虚拟语气：
______________________________________________________________如：
IfIwereabird,Icouldflyintheair.
●条件句分为真实条件句与非真实条件句。
虚拟语气属于非真实条件
真实条件表示现实情况中可能实现的情况；而非真实条件表示与现实情况相反的假想。
1.Iftheworkingconditionsarenottoobad,Iwillacceptthejob.
如果工作条件不太差，我会接受这项工作。
（真实条件）
2.Iftheworkingconditionswerenottoobad,Iwouldacceptthejob.
如果工作条件不太差，我就接受这项工作了。
（非真实条件）
3.Hesaidifhefailed,hewouldhaveanothertry.
他说他如果失败，他还会再试一次。
（真实条件）
4.Ifhehadfailed,hewouldhavehadanothertry.
如果他失败的话，他会再试一次的。
（非真实条件）
二陕西高考真题再现
1（2015陕西高考23题）Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishI_________aswellasher.
A.danceB.willdanceC.haddancedD.danced
2（2014·陕西高考23题）Wewouldratherourdaughter________athomewithus，butitisherchoice，andsheisnotachildanylonger.
A.wouldstayB.hasstayedC.stayedD.stay
3（2013·陕西高考12题）Mymomsuggeststhatwe_____eatoutforachangethisweekend.
A.shouldB.mightC.couldD.would
4（2012陕西高考17题）.Ifmycar_________morereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.
A.wasB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbe
5（2011陕西高考22题）.I__________throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone
6（2010陕西高考15题）Ifwe___theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.
A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken
三虚拟语气考点精讲
一非真实条件句
1.if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气
类别
用法
例句
If引导的条件从句
与现在事实相反
从句动词：
过去式（be用were）
主句动词：
should/would/could/might+动词原形
Ifitweren’tsnowing,wewouldn’tstayinthehouse.（事实上现在下雪）
Ifhehurried,hecouldcatchthefirstbus.
Ifitweren’tforyourhelp,wewouldgetintotrouble.
与过去事实相反
从句动词：
had+过去分词
主句动词：
should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.
IfBobhadcomewithus,hewouldhavehadagoodtime.
Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavemadesuchamistake.
与将来事实相反
从句动词：
过去式/should+动词原形/were+不定式
主句动词：
should/would/could/might+动词原形
Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.
Wewouldstayathomeifitshouldraintomorrow.
IfIweretodotheexaminationIwoulddoitsomeotherway.
【活学巧用】
1.IfIweretodoit,I_______itinadifferentway.
A.shalldoB.willdoC.woulddoD.havedone
2.Ifyouaskedyourfather,you________permission.
A.maygetB.mightgetC.shouldhavegotD.maybeget
3.Ifhe_____myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.
A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow
4.Ifwe______theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.
A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken
5.---Johnwenttothehospitalalone.
---Ifhe_______meaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.
A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtold
6.MaybeifI_______science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.
A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying
2.混合虚拟结构
（1）不同时间的虚拟
Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow.
（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）
Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.
（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.
（从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反）
（2）虚拟与陈述的混合
Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn’tcarefulenough.
Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.
【活学巧用】
1.Thetreelookedasifit______foralongtime.
A.hasn'twateredB.didn'twaterC.hadn'tbeenwateredD.wasn'twatered
2.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI______inloveattheageofseven,withMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.
A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall
二含蓄条件句
非真实条件句中的条件从句不出现if，假想条件只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。
WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou?
如没有你，我会怎么办呢？
Itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway.
这样做会比较容易。
Iwouldappreciatealittleofyourtime.
谢谢你给我一点时间吧。
1.without/butfor/intheabsenceof
表示“要不是”，“如果没有”（相当于ifitwerenotfor）表示条件时，句中一般用虚拟语气。
Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn'tfinishmyworkontime.
Intheabsenceofwaterandair,nothingcouldlive.
Butforyourassistance,wecouldnotaccomplishit.要不是你的帮忙，我们是难有成就的。
2.句中含有or,orelse,otherwise,but等词语，暗示句子的某一部分（前句或后句）需用虚拟语气。
HewasonbusinessinBeijingatthattime;otherwisehemighthavehelpedus.
LuckilyMarytelephonedtoinformmeofthemeeting,orIwouldhavebeenabsent.
Ishouldhaveattendedmyfriend’sweddingceremony,butIcouldn’taffordthetime.
【活学巧用】
1.ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I_______thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.
A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon
2.I_______soonerbutIdidn’tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.
A.hadcomeB.wascomingC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecome
3.I______throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.
A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone
4.---Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.
---I______it,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.
A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended
5.Butfortheirhelp,we_______theprogramintime.
A.cannotfinishB.willnotfinishC.hadnotfinishD.couldnothavefinished
6.Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon’tthinkwe______itwithoutyou.
A.canmanageB.couldhavemanagedC.couldmanageD.canhavemanaged
7.Withoutelectroniccomputers,muchoftoday’sadvancedtechnology_____.
A.willnothavebeenachievedB.havenotbeenachieved
C.wouldnothavebeenachievedD.hadnotbeenachieved
三非真实条件句倒装
省略连词if。
在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。
1.Ifhehadseenyouyesterday，hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.
→Hadheseenyouyesterday，hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.
2.IfIwereyou，Iwoulddoitatonce.
→WereIyou，Iwoulddoitatonce.
3.Shouldhecome（Ifheshouldcome）,tellhimtoringmeup.
4.WereIyou（IfIwereyou）,Iwouldnotdoit.我要是你，就不做这事。
5.Hadhehadlunch（Ifhehadhadlunch）,hewouldnothaveeatensomanycookies.
【活学巧用】
1.HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy_____.
A.WouldhavebeensavedB.hadbeensavedC.willbesavedD.wassaved
2.______Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.
A.wasB.hadbeenC.willbeD.were
四宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.下列动词后的宾语从句中insist（坚持），urge（催促），order（命令），command（命令），request（请求，要求），demand（要求），require（要求，需要）suggest（建议），advise（建议），propose（建议）,recommend（建议，推荐）用（should）+动词原形
Hesuggestedthatwe（should）savemoneyforthefuture.
Theundergraduateinsistedthathe（should）gotoworkinthesouth.
※注意：
当suggest表示暗示，insist表示坚持观点，事实时，后接的宾语从句应当用真实语气。
Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision.
Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoeswelltopeople’shealth.
2.wish后接that宾语从句表示一种假想情况，实现可能性较小
（1）对现在情况的虚拟，假想的情况与主句主语的愿望同时发生：
宾语从句动词用过去式，谓语be用were。
例：
IwishIknewtheanswertothequestion.
我希望知道这个答案。
Iwishitwerespringinmyhometownalltheyeararound.
但愿我的家乡四季如春。
NowthatheisinChina,hewishesheunderstoodChinese.
现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。
（2）假想的情况在主句主语愿望前发生：
宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，例：
IwishIhadn'twastedsomuchtime.
我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。
Hewisheshehadn'tlostthechance.
他真希望没有失去机会。
Wewishedhehadspokentous.
（3）假想的情况在主句主语愿望之后发生：
从句谓语动词用would+原形动词
Iwishitwouldstopraining.我希望雨能停止
Iwishyouwouldbequiet.我希望你安静一些。
Youwishedshewouldarrivethenextday.你希望她第二天会到。
Iwishshewouldchangehermind.我希望她会改变主意。
【活学巧用】
1.IwishI______longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.
A.couldhaveslept B.sleptC.mighthaveslept D.haveslept
2.---Wherearethechildren?
Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.
---Iwishthey_____alwayslate.
A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen
3.Teachersrecommendparents_____theirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.
A.notallowB.donotallowC.mustn’tallowD.couldn’tallow
4.Thedoctorrecommendedthatyou______swimaftereatingalargemeal.
A.wouldn’tB.couldn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t
5.HowIwishI______tomyparents’advice.
A.listeningB.listenC.amlisteningD.hadlistened
6.Theworkersinthefactorydemandedthattheirpay_____by20percent.
A.beraisedB.wouldberaisedC.raisedD.raise
五主语从句中的虚拟语气
1.Itissuggested/advised/ordered/requested/required…+that从句（should）do
Itisproposedthatmorestudentsshouldgotouniversity.
2.Itisnatural/necessary/strange+that从句（should）do表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。
It’sstrangethatheshouldhavemissedthetrain.（表竟然）
Itisimportantthatweshouldlearnfromothers.（表理应如此）
Itisapitythatheshouldnotgowithus.（表惊讶、不满）
例题分析：
Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatradios______after11o'clockatnight.
A.werenotplayed B.notbeplayedC.nottoplay D.didnotplay
3.IItishightimethat+从句=Itistimethat+从句，该是...的时候了，后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。
Itis（high/about）timewewenthome.
Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.
Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.
六其他名词性从句中的虚拟语气
1.Myadvice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal…+is+表语从句（should）do
MyadviceisthatyoushouldpractisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.
Theorderfromthecommanderwasthatthetroopsshouldsetoffforthefrontimmediately.
2.Hissuggestion/advice/request/requirement…+同位语从句（should）do+is..
Therequestthattheyshouldgetmoreisreasonable.
注意：
在一些名词性从句中，谓语动词
升级会员 