口腔专业英语词汇.docx

口腔专业英语词汇.docx

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口腔专业英语词汇

-A-

ASeePointA（subspinale）

AcromegalyAdiseasecausedbyincreasedactivityoftheanteriorpituitaryandcharacterizedinpartbyamarkedlengtheningofthemandible.

AcrylicMethylmethacrylate,anorganicresincommonlyusedfortheconstructionofdentalappliancesincludingorthodontictreatmentandretentionappliances.

ActivationTheprocessofdeforminganappliancememberfromitspassivestate（e.g.,thestretchingofanelastic）andcompletingitsengagementtoproduceanintraoralforcesystemtransmittedbytheappliancetothedentition.

ActivationsiteTheintraorallocationoftheactivatingprocess,oftenwheretheorthodonticforcesystemistobetransmittedtothedentition.

ActivatorAremovablegrowthguidanceorthodonticappliance,originallydevelopedbyPierreRobin,ViggoAndresenandKarlHaupl,withlatermodificationsbySchwarz,Bimler,Balters,Franker,Fleischer-Peters,etc.Alsocalledafunctionalappliance.

AdamsClaspAcircumferentialretentionclasp（see"crib,"）designedbyC.PhilipAdamstostabilizeremovableappliancesbymeansofpointcontactwiththemesio-anddisto-buccalundercutsofindividualbuccalteeth.

AdolescentDentitionThedentitionthatispresentafterthenormallossofallprimaryteethandPRIORtocessationofgrowththatwouldaffectorthodontictreatment.

AdultDentitionThedentitionthatispresentaftercessationofgrowththatwouldaffectorthodontictreatment.

AlginateAnirreversiblehydrocolloidconsistingofsaltsofalginicacid（anextractofmarinekelp）.Usedtomakeimpressionsfordentalcasts.

AlveolarboneThebonethatsurroundsandsupportstherootsoftheteeth.

AlveolarprocessTheunshapedridgeofmaxillaryormandibularalveolarbonethatsurroundsandsupportstherootsoftheteeth.

AmericanAssociationofOrthodontistsUndefinedatthemoment

AmericanBoardofOrthodonticsTherecognizedcertifyingBoardforthespecialtyoforthodontics.SeeBoard.

AnalogimageComputerenteredimageobtaineddirectlyfromaradiographorphotographbeforedigitization.Theseimagesarelimitedbytheresolutionofthefirstimage.

AnchorageReceptor（s）ofresponsiveforce（s）deliveredasaresultoftheactivationofanorthodonticororthopedicappliance;bydefinition,displacementordeformationofanchorageisgenerallyundesirable.

CervicalanchorageReceptorofresponsiveforce,fromanactivation,（primarily）extraoralappliance,thatisthebackoftheneck.

CranialanchorageReceptorofresponsiveforce,fromanactivated,（primarily）extraoralappliance,thatistheposteriorandsuperiorportionsofthehead.

ExtraoralanchorageReceptor（s）ofresponsiveforce（s）,deliveredbyranactivated,orthodonticororthopedicappliance,locatedoutsidetheoralcavity.

IntraoralanchorageReceptor（s）ofresponsiveforce（s）,deliveredbyanactivatedorthodonticororthopedicappliance,locatedwithintheoralcavity.

OccipitalanchorageReceptorofresponsiveforce,fromanactivated,primarilyextraoralappliance,thatistheoccipitalregionofthehead.

AnchoragepreparationToplaceteethinsuchapositionthatifonetoothmovesallteethmoveinabodilydirection.

AndresenapplianceSeeActivator

AngleClassificationofmalocclusionAclassicgrossclassificationofmalocclusionintroducedbyEdwardH.Angle.Thegoverningcriterionistheanteroposteriorrelationshipofupperandlowerfirstmolars.Notrecognizedarethemanyotherseriousmalrelationshipsrelatedtotheanteroposterioraxis,thosethatarerelatedtothelateralorverticalaxisandthoseamongteethofthesamearch.SomeofthecommonorthodonticproblemsnotrecognizedbytheAngleclassificationincludebuccolingualcrossbites,cuspidrelationships,crowding,spacing,missingorimpactedteeth,rotationsandoverbite."Divisions"areusedinClassII,basedoninclinationofmaxillaryincisors."Subdivisions"areusedtodescribeunilateralmalocclusioncharacteristicsoftheaffectedposteriorsegmentalrelationships.

ClassImalocclusionAmalocclusioninwhichthemesiobuccalcuspofthemaxillaryfirstmolaroccludesinthebuccalgrooveofthemandibularmolar."ClassI"issometimesincorrectlyusedasasynonymfornormalocclusion,whereasitsignifiesonlyanormalsagittalrelationshipofupperandlowerteethastheymeet.

ClassIImalocclusionAdistal（posterior）placementofthemandibular（lower）molar,mesial（anterior）relationshipofthemaxillary（upper）,oracombinationofthetwo.Themesiobuccalcuspoftheupperfirstmolaroccludesmesialtothebuccalgrooveofthelower,usuallyneartheembrasurebetweenthelowermolarandsecondbicuspid.

Division1.AClassIImolarrelationshipwithproclinedupperincisorswithrespecttothelowerincisors.

Division2.AClassIImolarrelationship,usuallywiththeuppercentralincisorstippedlingually,theupperlateralincisorstippedlabially,andanexcessiveoverbite.

ClassIIImalocclusionMesial（anterior）relationshipofthelowerfirstmolartotheupper,aretrudedrelationshipoftheupperfirstmolartothelower,oracombinationofthetwo.Themesiobuccalcuspoftheupperfirstmolarwilltypicallyoccludeneartheembrasurebetweenthelowerfirstandsecondmolars.

AngleoftwistThemeasureoftorsional（third-order）deformationofashaftoranorthodonticwire.

AnkylosisAbnormalimmobility,unionorfusion.Mayoccurbetweentwobonesattheirarticulation（i.e.,TMJ）orbetweenteethandalveolarbone.Insuchacase,theperiodontalligamentisobliteratedbya'bonybridge'andthetoothrootisfusedtothealveolarbone.Dentalankylosispreventsbotheruptionandorthodonticmovement.Inagrowingchild,anankylosedtoothappearsto'submerge'asadjacentunaffectedteethcontinuetheirnormalpatternoferuption.

AnodontiaCongenitalabsenceofteeth.

AntegonialnotchAconcavityusuallypresentinthelowerborderofthemandible,immediatelyanteriortotheangleofthemandible.Adeeperthannormalantegonialnotchmaybeindicativeofmandibularunderdevelopment.

AnteriorcranialbaseTheanterioraspectofthefloorofthecranialvault,commonlydelimitedcephalometricallybySeliaTurcicaandNasion.

AnteriorNasalSpinePointedbonyprocessattheinferiormarginofthepiriformaperture.Incephalometricradiography,thetipisoftenusedtodefinetheanteriorendofthepalatalplane.

AnteroposteriorTheglobaldirectionperpendiculartothecoronalplaneofthedentofacialcomplex;theanteriordirection/senseisforward,andtheposteriordirection/senseisrearward.

AnthropometryMeasurementofthehumanbodyanditsparts.

ApicalBaseMaxillaryandmandibularbonethatsupportsandiscontinuouswiththealveolarprocesses;（alsoseebasalbone）.Althoughthedemarcationbetweenalveolarandbasalboneisnotspecific,itisgenerallythoughttolieattheleveloftheapicesoftheroots.

ApplianceAnydevicedesignedtoinfluencetheshapeand/orfunctionofthestomatognathicsystem.

FixedapplianceAbondedorbandedapplianceaffixedtoindividualteethorgroupsofteeth.

OrthodonticapplianceAnydeviceusetoinfluencethegrowthorpositionofteeth.

RemovableapplianceAnappliancenotfixedtoteethandremovablefromthemouth.

OrthopedicapplianceAnydeviceusedtoinfluencethegrowthorpositionofbones.

FunctionalapplianceAnydevice,removableorfixed,designedprimarilytoeffectskeletaland/ordentalchangesbymodifyingandutilizingtheneuromuscularforcesofthestomatognathicsystem.（i.e.,activator,bionator）

ArchCollectively,theteethorbasalboneofeitherjaw.

AlveolarArchTheU-shapedalveolarbonethatsurroundsthedentitionofeitherjaw.

DentalArchThearcadeofteethineitherjaw.

BasalArchTheU-shapedbasalboneofeitherjaw.

ArchformTheshapeofanindividualdentalarchorofanarchwire（qv）formedtofitorshapethatarch.

ArchlengthAmeasurementofavailableandrequiredspaceneededtoaligntheteeth.

ArchlengthdeficiencyDifferencebetweenavailableandrequiredspacetoaligntheteeth.（SeeDiscrepancy）

ArchwireorarchwireAwireengagedinorthodonticattachments,affixedtothecrownsoftwoormoreteeth,andcapableofcausingorguidingtoothmovement.

ContinuousarchwireAwirethatengagesorcouldengage,throughcrownattachments,alloftheeruptedteethinthemaxillaryormandibulardentalarch.

SectionalorsegmentalarchwireAnarchwirethatengages,throughcrownattachments,onlyafewteeth（e.g.,onlythefourincisorsoronlyaposteriordentalsegment）

ArticulareThepointofintersectionofthedorsalcontourofthemandibularcondyleandthetemporalbone,asviewedonthelateralcephalometricfilm.（Bjork）

ASCIIAmericanStandardCodeforInformationandInterchangeisoneofthestandardformatsforrepresentingcharacters.Itisusefulwhenfilesaresharedbetweenprograms.AtextfileisinASCIIformat.

AvailableenergyEnergyretainedinabodyowingtoexistingdeformationalorthermalconstraintsthat,uponreleaseoftheconstraints,wouldbetransferredfromthebodyandcouldbecontrolledtoproduceadesiredeffect.

AxisofrotationThelineinabody（orinanextensionofthebody）aboutwhichthebodyhasorappearstohaverotatedinanontranslationaldisplacement.

-B-

BSeePointB

BalancingSideAtermusedforthestudyofocclusion;i.e.,forthenon-functionalsidewhenthemandibleisshiftedlaterally.

Band（orthodontic）Athinmetalring,usuallystainlesssteel,whichservestosecureorthodonticattachmentstoatooth.Theband,withorthodonticattachmentsweldedorsolderedtoit,iscloselyadaptedtofitthecontoursofthetoothandthencementedintoplace.

BasalBoneThebonethatunderlies,supports,andiscontinuouswith