届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二十九15页word版.docx

届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二十九15页word版.docx

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届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二十九15页word版

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二十九

[一]

GwendolynBrookswasthefirstAfricanAmericantowinaPulitzerPrizeforPoetry.GwendolynBrookswrotehundredsofpoemsduringherlifetime.ShewasknownaroundtheworldforusingpoetrytoincreaseunderstandingaboutblackcultureinAmerica.

Herpoemsdescribedconditionsamongthepoor，racialinequalityanddruguseintheblackcommunity.Shealsowrotepoemsaboutthestrugglesofblackwomen.Butherskillwasmorethanherabilitytowriteaboutstrugglingblackpeople.Shewasanexpertatthelanguageofpoetry.ShecombinedtraditionalEuropeanpoetrystyleswiththeAfricanAmericanexperience.

Inherearlypoetry，GwendolynBrookswroteabouttheSouthSideofChicago.TheSouthSideofChicagoiswheremanyblackpeoplelive.Inherpoems，theSouthSideiscalledBronzeville.ItwasAStreetinBronzevillethatgainedtheattentionofliteraryexpertsin1945.Criticspraisedherpoeticskillandherpowerfuldescriptionsoftheblackexperienceduringthetime.TheBronzevillepoemswereherfirstpublishedcollection.

In1950，GwendolynBrooksbecamethefirstAfricanAmericantowinthePulitzerPrizeforPoetry.ShewontheprizeforhersecondbookofpoemscalledAnnieAllen.AnnieAllenisacollectionofpoetryaboutthelifeofaBronzevillegirlasadaughter，awifeandmother.Sheexperiencesloneliness，loss，deathandbeingpoor.MsBrookssaidthatwinningtheprizechangedherlife.

Hernextworkwasanovelwrittenin1953calledMaudMartha.MaudMarthareceivedlittlenoticewhenitwasfirstpublished.Butnowitisconsideredanimportantworkbysomecritics.Itsmainideasaboutthedifficultlifeofmanywomenarepopularamongfemalewriterstoday.

Insomeofherpoems，GwendolynBrooksdescribedhowwhatpeopleseeinlifeisaffectedbywhotheyare.Oneexampleisthispoem，CornersontheCuringSky.

Bytheendofthe1960s，GwendolynBrooks’spoetryexpandedfromtheeverydayexperiencesofpeopleinBronzeville.Shewroteaboutawiderworldanddealtwithimportantpoliticalissues.

语篇解读文章介绍了普利策诗歌奖的第一位非裔美国人得主——女诗人格温德琳·布鲁克斯的诗歌成就及作品特点。

5．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A．ThelifeofGwendolynBrooks.

B．ThepoemsofGwendolynBrooks.

C．Theunderstandingaboutblackculture.

D．Thestrugglesofblackwomen.

答案B解析主旨大意题。

通读全文可知，文章向我们介绍了著名女诗人格温德琳·布鲁克斯的诗歌成就及作品特点。

故B项最为恰当。

6．WhatcanwelearnaboutGwendolynBrooksfromthesecondparagraph?

A．Shemainlywroteaboutthestrugglesofblackwomen.

B．Shewasgoodatusingthelanguageofpoetry.

C．Herwritingskillswerealittleworsethanherability.

D．HerpoemsweremainlyabouttheAfricanexperience.

答案B解析细节理解题。

根据文章第二段倒数第二句“Shewasanexpertatthelanguageofpoetry.”可知，她是诗歌语言运用方面的专家，即她擅长运用诗歌语言。

故选B项。

7．Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby.

A．providingexamples

B．usingstatistics

C．comparingopinions

D．describingherexperiences

答案A解析写作手法题。

文章介绍的是诗人的诗歌成就及作品特点，根据文中的AStreetinBronzeville，AnnieAllen，MaudMartha，CornersontheCuringSky等可知，文章列举了她大量的作品作为例证。

故选A项。

8．Inthenextpart，theauthorwouldmostprobablytalkabout.

A．thedifficultiesGwendolynBrookswouldmeet

B．thepoemsrelatedtopoliticalissues

C．theawardsGwendolynBrooksgained

D．theracialinequalitytheblackhadtoface

答案B解析推理判断题。

根据最后一段可知，20世纪60年代末，她的诗歌内容从人们的日常经历扩展到更宽的领域，开始涉及重要的政治问题，所以下文很可能会谈论与该话题相关的作品。

[二]

“DidyouhearwhathappenedtoAdamlastFriday？

”LindseywhisperstoTori.

Withhereyesshining，Toribrags.“YoubetIdid.Seantoldmetwodaysago.”

WhoareLindseyandToritalkingabout？

Itjusthappenstobeyourstruly，AdamFreedman.Icantellyouthatwhattheyaresayingis（a）notniceand（b）noteventrue.Still，LindseyandToriaren’tverydifferentfrommoststudentshereatLintonHighSchool，includingme.Manyofourconversationsaregossip（闲话）．Ihavenoticedthreeeffectsofgossip：

itcanhurtpeople，itcangivegossipersastrangekindofsatisfaction，anditcancausesocialpressuresinagroup.

Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatitcanhurtthepersonbeingtalkedabout.Usually，gossipspreadsinformationaboutatopic—breakups，troubleathome，evendroppingout—thatapersonwouldratherkeepsecret.Themoreembarrassingorshamefulthesecretis，thejuicierthegossipitmakes.Probablytheworsttypeofgossipistheabsolutelie.Peopleoftenthinkofgossipersasharmless，butcruelliescancausepain.

Ifweknowthatgossipcanbeharmful，thenwhydosomanyofusdoit？

Theanswerliesinanothereffectofgossip：

thesatisfactionitgivesus.Sharingthelatestrumor（传言）canmakeapersonfeelimportantbecauseheorsheknowssomethingthatothersdon’t.Similarly，hearingthelatestrumorcanmakeapersonfeellikepartofthe“ingroup”．Inotherwords，gossipissatisfyingbecauseitgivespeopleasenseofbelongingorevensuperiority（优越感）．

Gossipalsocanhaveathirdeffect：

itstrengthensunwritten，unspokenrulesabouthowpeopleshouldact.ProfessorDavidWilsonexplainsthatgossipisimportantinpolicingbehaviorsinagroup.Translatedintohighschoolterms，thismeansthatifeverybodyyouhangaroundwithislaughingatwhatJohnworeorwhatJanesaid，thenyoucanbetthatwearingorsayingsomethingsimilarwillgetyouthesamekindofnegativeattention.Thedo’sanddon’tsconveyedthroughgossipwillnevershowupinanystudenthandbook.

Theeffectsofgossipvarydependingonthesituation.Thenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetospreadthelatestnews，thinkaboutwhyyouwanttogossipandwhateffectsyour“juicystory”mighthave.

语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要说明了闲话的三个影响：

一是它会伤害人们的感情；二是它会给说闲话的人带来一种奇怪的满足感；三是它会在群体中导致社交压力。

25．Theauthorusesaconversationatthebeginningofthepassageto.

A．introduceatopic

B．presentanargument

C．describethecharacters

D．clarifyhiswritingpurpose

答案A解析推理判断题。

根据文章第三段倒数第二句“Manyofourconversationsaregossip（闲话）．”以及下文提到的gossip的三个影响可推知，开头的对话是为了引出本文的主题，故选A。

26．Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatit.

A．breaksuprelationships

B．embarrassesthelistener

C．spreadsinformationaround

D．causesunpleasantexperiences

答案D解析细节理解题。

根据文章第四段第一句“Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatitcanhurtthepersonbeingtalkedabout.”可知一个重要的负面影响是它会给被讨论的人带来不愉快的经历，故选D。

27．Intheauthor’sopinion，manypeopleliketogossipbecauseit.

A．givesthemafeelingofpleasure

B．helpsthemtomakemorefriends

C．makesthembetterattellingstories

D．enablesthemtomeetimportantpeople

答案A解析细节理解题。

根据文章第五段第二句“Theanswerliesinanothereffectofgossip：

thesatisfactionitgivesus.”可知，人们散播传言是因为它会带来满足感，故选A。

[三]

Ifyouarelikemoststudents,youprobablysitstillwhilelearninganewlanguage.However,sittingstillmaynotalwaysbethebestwaytolearn.Englishlearnerscanimprovetheirlanguageskillsthroughmovement,saysTamaraJones.SheworksattheEnglishLanguageCenteratHowardCommunityCollegeinMaryland.

So,whatistherelationshipbetweenphysicalmovementandthebrain?

Theideaisthatthebrainandthebodyarejoinedtogether.Thismeansthatoneaffectstheother.

Manypeoplearefamiliarwiththeideathatthebraintellsthebodytomove.Andmanypeoplearefamiliarwiththeideathatrepeatinganactionoverandoveragainhelpsyourbraintoremember.However,someresearch,suchasastudybyMorsellaandKrauss,suggeststhatyourbodymighthelpyourbraintofindmemories.Specifically,movementswemakewithourbody,suchashandgestures,mayhelpustorememberandusethecorrectwords.

Thisideaispartofthereasonwhyexpertsonlearningstrategies,whicharewaystoimprovethelearningprocess,suggestusingmovements.Onelearningapproach,theCognitiveAcademicLanguageLearningApproach,orCALLA,callstheuseofmovements“UsingYourKinesthetic（动觉的）Sense”．

Beyondhelpingthebraintofindmemories,movementsalsoaidinlearning,saysTamaraJones.“There'salotofresearchthatsuggestswhatyoudowithyourbody,yourememberwithyourbrain.Andalso,alotofthesephysicalmovementswillencourageusinclassorinlife,whenwearepracticingonourown,torepeatandrepeatandrepeatthewordaswearedoingthephysicalmovement,andthisalsohelpsusremembertheword.”

语篇解读：

本文是一篇说明文。

研究表明，动起来有益于语言学习，也就是说大脑和肢体的结合有助于语言技能的提高。

1．WhydoestheauthorrefertoMorsellaandKrauss?

A．Tomeasuretheirachievement.

B．ToproveJones'opinionright.

C．Tointroducethethemeofthepassage.

D．Topresentacommonlyheldidea.

解析：

选B　推理判断题。

根据文章第一段中的“Englishlearnerscanimprovetheirlanguageskillsthroughmovement”以及第三段中的“astudybyMorsellaandKrauss,suggeststhatyourbodymighthelpyourbraintofindmemories...andusethecorrectwords.”可知，Morsella和Krauss的观点是肢体可能有助于人们找寻记忆，记起并准确地使用单词，与文章首段中TamaraJones的观点是一致的。

因此作者提到这两个人是为了证明TamaraJones的观点是正确的。

故选B项。

2．Howcanphysicalmovementsaffectone'slearning?

A．Byshorteningtherepeatingprocess.

B．Bymotivatingthebraintorememberthings.

C．Byhelpingonetostudyinarelaxedstate.

D．Byenablingonetouseadvancedwords.

解析：

选B　推理判断题。

根据文章第三段中的“movementswemakewithourbody,suchashandgestures,mayhelpustorememberandusethecorrectwords”并结合最后一段的内容可知，肢体运动有助于刺激大脑进行记忆，由此可知选项B正确。

3．WhichstatementmayTamaraJonesagreewith?

A．Knowledgestartswithpractice.

B．Thebodycancontrolthebraindeeply.

C．Movementshelpthebrainworkbetter.

D．Languagelearnersmustbemoreactive.

解析：

选C　细节理解题。

根据文章最后一段的内容，尤其是“Beyondhelpingthebraintofindmemories,movementsalsoaidinlearning”可知，TamaraJones的观点应是身体运动能帮助大脑更好地工作，有助于提高英语学习者的语言技能。

因此选项C正确。

4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inthelastparagraphmean?

A．PracticingEnglishonyourown.

B．Speakingthewordagainandagain.

C．Graspinganeffectivelearningstrategy.

D．Repeatingwordswhilemovingyourbody.

解析：

选D　代词指代题。

根据最后一段中的“torepeat