Managing Windows Disks Backup and Restore.docx

Managing Windows Disks Backup and Restore.docx

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ManagingWindowsDisksBackupandRestore

OperatingSystem

ManagingWindows2000Disks,BackupandRestore

ScenarioGuideandWalkthrough

Abstract

Thisscenariodescribesday-to-dayadministrativetaskstoperforminasingledomainMicrosoft®Windows® 2000-basednetwork.Specifically,itfocusesondiskmanagementandcreatingandimplementingabackupandrecoveryplan.Thisscenarioshowsanadministratorhowtodesignabackupandrestorestrategytoensurethatthefailureofaserverordiskdrivedoesnotresultinthelossofdata.

©2000MicrosoftCorporation.Allrightsreserved.

THISISPRELIMINARYDOCUMENTATION.TheinformationcontainedinthisdocumentrepresentsthecurrentviewofMicrosoftCorporationontheissuesdiscussedasofthedateofpublication.BecauseMicrosoftmustrespondtochangingmarketconditions,itshouldnotbeinterpretedtobeacommitmentonthepartofMicrosoft,andMicrosoftcannotguaranteetheaccuracyofanyinformationpresentedafterthedateofpublication.

Thisdocumentisforinformationalpurposesonly.MICROSOFTMAKESNOWARRANTIES,EXPRESSORIMPLIED,INTHISDOCUMENT.

Microsoft,ActiveDirectory,Windows,WindowsNTandtheWindowslogoareregisteredtrademarksofMicrosoftCorporation.

Otherproductorcompanynamesmentionedhereinmaybethetrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.

MicrosoftCorporation•OneMicrosoftWay•Redmond,WA98052-6399•USA

0200

Contents

Introduction1

ScenarioRequirements1

ScenarioTasks2

RecoveryPlanning3

WINS/DHCP/DNSServer3

FileandPrintServers3

ApplicationServers3

OtherConsiderations4

changemanagement5

Diskmanagementtasks7

CreatingDynamicVolumes7

Backuptasks11

Otheradministrativetasks13

BootRecoverytasks18

Summary20

ForMoreInformation20

AdditionalWindows2000WebSiteResources20

Introduction

Systemsformanagingdisks,backup,anddisasterrecoveryareallcriticalneedsforanycompany.Withouttheproperscheduleformaintenanceandproactivestorageofdata,aservermaybedownfordays,weeks,ormaynotbeabletorecovercriticaldataatall.TheMicrosoft®Windows® 2000operatingsystemcontainsavarietyoftoolsandmanagementconsolestomakethesemanagementtasksmucheasierandmorecentralized.

UsingtheDiskManagementsnap-inoftheMicrosoftManagementConsole（MMC）,administratorscanquicklymanagestandard,faulttolerant,andvolumesetsandconfirmthehealthofeachvolume.DiskmanagementincludescommonWindows 2000administrativetaskssuchascreatingvolumes,creatingpartitions,addingdisks,managingdrivelettersandpaths,managingmirrorsets,compressingfilesandfolders,defragmentingthedrive,aswellaserrorchecking.Allareavailablethroughonecentralizedutility.

OtherMMCadministrativetoolsallowyoutoviewthedeviceconfiguration,takeadeviceconfigurationsnapshot,enableremotestorage,saveandmonitorservices,aswellasrevieweventlogsinEventViewertomakecertainyoursystemsarehealthy.TheRemovableStoragesnap-inallowsadministratorstofullymanagetapedrives,CD-ROMdrives,andotherremovablestoragedevices.

TheWindows 2000Backuputilitycontainsnew,moreflexibleoptions,allowinguserstobackupselectedvolumesorfolderstotapeortofile.Backupcanalsobesecuredinordertoprotectvaluablecompanydata.SchedulingisbuiltdirectlyintoBackup,sothereisnoneedtouseaseparatescheduler.

Addinganuninterruptiblepowersupply（UPS）forpowerprotectionisassimpleasfollowingawizardforidentifyingandconfiguringmostUPSdevices.

Whendisasterdoesstrike,therearenewsafemodebootoptionsforrestartingaserverwithandwithoutvariousdrivers,theRecoveryConsoleforusebyadministratorsinordertorenameorreplaceindividualfiles,aswellastheEmergencyRepairDisk.ThistoolalsoallowsyoutocheckandrepairboththebootsectorandtheMasterBootRecord.

Eachofthesetoolsenableadministratorstoprotectcriticaldata,allofthemtogetherenabletheadministratortoimplementandmaintainatrueenterprisedisasterrecoveryplan.

ScenarioRequirements

TheadministrativetoolsareinstalledbydefaultonallWindows 2000domaincontrollers.OnWindows 2000-basedstand-aloneserversorworkstations,theActiveDirectory™administrativetoolsareoptionalandcanbeinstalledfromtheOptionalWindows 2000componentspackage.

Thisguidebuildsontheconfigurationachievedinearlierwalkthroughs.Besureyouhavesuccessfullycompletedoneofthefollowingwalkthroughspriortoproceeding.

UpgradingaWindows NTDomaintoWindows 2000ActiveDirectory

AddingaNewWindows 2000forFile/PrintandWebServertoYourNetwork

UpgradingaWindows NTFile/PrintandWebtoWindows2000

∙FullinstallationofWindows2000Server

∙InstallingWindows2000Server

∙UpgradingWindowsNT-basednetworktoWindows2000

ScenarioTasks

Inthiswalkthrough,youwillperformthefollowingtasks.

SetupandManagementTasks

∙Performingdiskmanagement,includingcommondiskmanagementtaskssuchascreatingdynamicvolumes,creatingpartitions,addingdisks,managingdrivelettersandpaths,managingmirrorsets,compressingfilesandfolders,defragmentingdata.

∙Backingupandrestoringdata,developingabackupandrecoverystrategyfordata,schedulingregularbackup

RecoveryPlanning

Priortoreviewingtaskstoperform,theplanningstagesneedtobeoutlinedanddiscussedindetail.Differentserversneedtoimplementdifferentfaulttoleranceandrecoveryoptions.Thecriticalquestionsthatneedtobeaskedduringtheplanningstageareasfollows:

∙Howcriticalisthedataorinformationonaserver?

∙Canautomaticreplicationbesetupquicklyandeasily?

∙Iftheserverwentdown,whatwouldbetheimpactonyourbusiness?

∙Istheserverhandlingmultiplefunctions?

∙Iftheserverisacore-networkingserver,thatis,aDNSorWINSserver,isallofthedatabeingbackeduponadailybasis?

Theroleoftheserverwillalsobeimportanttothetypeofrecoverydatarequired.

DomainControllers

Foreachdomaincontroller,thereneedstobeanadditionaldomaincontrollertoserveasareplicationpartnerandprovidefaulttolerance.AnadditionaldomaincontrollerletsyoureinstalltheWindows2000operatingsystem,andreinstatetheserverasadomaincontrollerbyselectingRestoreDomainControllerfromthebootmenu,accessedbychoosingF8inthebootmenu.

Onadomaincontroller,theprimarypartitioncontainingtheoperatingsystemandtheregistryinformationshouldbemirrored.

Eachdomaincontrollershouldperformaweeklytapebackupandremovethesetapesmonthlytooffsitestorage.IfthedomaincontrollerisalsotheprimaryGlobalCatalogServer,itshouldbebackedupnightlyandthetapesbroughttooffsitestorageweekly.

WINS/DHCP/DNSServer

EachservershouldbereplicatedtoanotherWINS/DNSserveronaseparatenetworknode.EveryweektheWINS/DHCP/DNSserversshouldbebackedupandonceamonthonebackupshouldbestoredatanoffsitelocation.

FileandPrintServers

EachservershouldhaveaRAID-5diskarrayfordatafaulttolerance.Thereshouldbenightlybackupoftheseserverstopreservedataandcopiesshouldbestoredoffsiteweekly.

ApplicationServers

OftentheseserversarethemostcriticalinanyInformationSystemenvironment.Eachservershouldhaveamirroredsystemdriveseparatefromthedriveshousingthedataandtheapplication.TheapplicationanddatadrivesshouldbeonaRAID-5array.

Backupofthesystemdriveneedstobecompletedafteranyoperatingsystemupgrades,applicationupgrades,securitychanges,orchangestosystemconfiguration.Backupneedstobekeptoffsite.Backupofthedatadrivesneedstobeperformednightlyandcopiesofthebackupneedtobestoredoffsiteweekly.

OtherConsiderations

Otherformsoffaulttoleranceandrecoverythatarenotcoveredinthischapter,butwhichshouldbeconsideredontheseserversincludeclustering,usingraid-5volumes,hardwaremirroring,anddiskduplexing.Hardwarefaulttolerance,includingRAID-5andmirroring,isrecommendedifthecompanycanaffordit.

TestBackuponaregularbasisbyperformingadatarestoretoanonfunctionaldirectory.Anuntestedbackupisoflittlevaluetotheorganization.

Inmissioncriticaldevelopmentsituations,Windows2000Professional-basedsystemsshouldbetreatedinthesamewayasfileandprintservers.

changemanagement

Theotherareathatneedstobediscussedwhenplanningforbasicserveradministrationischangemanagement.Verysimply,thisentailsverifyingthatachangeisneeded,determiningthechangeriskfactors,testingthechangetobemade,andrecordingthechangeintheappropriatedatabaseand/orspreadsheet.

Therearethreereasonstoupgradeorinsomewayaltertheconfigurationofyourserverhardwareorsoftware.First,theadditionoffunctionalitythataddsvaluetoyourorganization.Second,duetoafaultinsoftware,hardware,orthecombinedarchitecture,anapplicationisfailingortheserverisunabletofulfillitsrole.Finally,whenachangeinfunctionalityorintheroleofaserverorworkstationoccurswithintheorganization.

Oneofthemostcriticalaspectsforchangecontrolisstandardizinghardwareandsoftware.Bystandardizing,youcanmanageserversfromacentrallocationaswellaseasilydeterminewhetherfixesandupgradesneedtobeappliedtoallserversorareapplicabletoonlyonesituationorfunctionality.

Evenfortasksassimpleasaddingusers,changingsecurity,removingoraddingTCP/IPaddresses,orreconfiguringanapplicationonaserver,theremustbechangemanagement.Forthesetasks,aMicrosoftAccessdatabaseorMicrosoftExcelspreadsheetrecor