教育文档高考英语一轮基础自练题 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions及解析答案新人教版选修8doc.docx

教育文档高考英语一轮基础自练题 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions及解析答案新人教版选修8doc.docx

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教育文档高考英语一轮基础自练题Unit3Inventorsandinventions及解析答案新人教版选修8doc

Unit3Inventorsandinventions

***阅读理解。

Canexerciseduringchildhoodprotectyouagainstmemorylossmanydecadeslater?

Exerciseearlyinlifeseemstohavelifelongbenefitsforthebrain，inratsatleast.

“Thisisananimalstudy，butitshowsthatphysicalactivityatayoungageisveryimportant—notjustforphysicaldevelopment，butforthewholelifelongtrackofcognitive（认知的）developmentduringageing，”saysMartinWojtowiczoftheUniversityofToronto，Canada.“Inhumans，itmaydelaytheappearanceofAlzheimer'sdisease（阿尔茨海默病），possiblytothepointofpreventingit.”

Wojtowicz'steamdivided80youngmaleratsintotwoequalgroups，andplacedrunningwheelsinthecagesofonegroupforaperiodofsixweeks.Aroundfourmonthslater—whentheratshadreachedmiddleage—theteamtaughtalltheratstoconnectanelectricshockwithbeinginaspecificbox.Whenplacedinthebox，theyfrozewithfear.

Twoweekslater，theteamtestedtheratsinthreesituations：

exactlythesameboxinthesameroom，thesameboxwiththeroomarrangeddifferently，andacompletelydifferentboxinadifferentroom.

Theratswithoutaccesstoarunningwheelwhentheywereyoungnowfrozethesamepercentageoftimesineachofthesesituations，suggestingtheycouldn'trememberwhichonewasdangerous.Butthosethathadbeenabletorunintheiryouthfroze40to50percentlessinbothchangedboxsettings.

“Theresultssuggesttheamountofphysicalactivitywhenwe'reyoung，atleastforrats，hasinfluenceonthebrainandcognitivehealth—intheformofbettermemories—whenwe'reolder，”saysArthurKramerofNortheasternUniversityinBoston，whohasfoundthat，inhumans，exercisepromotesthegrowthofnewbraincells.

1．Thestudyshowsthat________.

A．physicalactivityisimportantforphysicalhealth

B．usingtherunningwheelsisofbenefittotherats'growth

C．physicalactivitycanpreventhumans'Alzheimer'sdisease

D．themoreexercisearathaswhenyoung，thebettermemoryitwillpossesswhenolder

2．HowareParagraph3and4mainlydeveloped?

A．Byanalyzingcauses.

B．Bygivinganexample.

C．Bydescribingtheprocess.

D．Byshowingdifferences.

3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?

A．Exercise.　　　　　B．Development.

C．Benefit.D．Study.

4．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheanimalstudy?

A．Negative.B．Objective.

C．Critical.D．Doubtful.

【解题导语】本文为说明文，介绍了一项科学研究，从而得出早期锻炼对大脑终身有好处的结论。

1．D　考查细节理解。

根据第一段内容尤其是第二句“Exerciseearlyinlifeseemstohavelifelongbenefitsforthebrain,inratsatleast”可知，早期锻炼似乎对大脑终身有好处，至少对老鼠来说是这样的。

故选D项。

2．C　考查写作手法。

根据第三段的“Wojtowicz'steamdivided80youngmaleratsintotwoequalgroups...Aroundfourmonthslater...theyfrozewithfear”和第四段的“Twoweekslater，theteamtestedtheratsinthreesituations”可知，本文第三、四段描述了Wojtowicz的研究小组对老鼠进行实验的过程。

C项意为“通过描述过程”，故选C项。

A项意为“通过分析原因”；B项意为“通过举例子”；D项意为“通过展示不同点”。

这三项均不符合第三、四段的发展脉络。

3．A　考查代词指代。

根据第二段的“butitshowsthatphysicalactivityatayoungageisveryimportant”及“Inhumans，itmaydelaytheappearanceofAlzheimer'sdisease（阿尔茨海默病）”可知，身体活动很重要，对人类来说，它可能会推迟阿尔茨海默病的出现。

因此“it”在文中指的是“physicalactivity”，A项与其同义，故选A项。

4．B　考查观点态度。

通读全文可知，作者介绍了对老鼠进行实验的过程及其结果，并引用数据进行说明，由此可知作者对动物研究的态度是很客观的。

B项意为“客观的”，故选B项。

***语法填空。

Theysurviveinsomeofthecoldestenvironmentsintheworld—butevenpenguinsappreciateawarmwoollyjumper（套头毛衣）onceinawhile.

Theminiknittedgarmentshavehelpedsavehundredsofflightlessbirdscaught__1__oilleaks,providingprotectionfromtheelementsandstoppingthemfromswallowing__2__（poison）pollution.

KnitsforNature,aprogramrunbythePenguinFoundation,__3__conservesthelittlepenguinpopulationofPhillipIsland,140kmsoutheastofMelbourne,__4__（create）upto300differentdesignsovertheyears—anditisallthankstotalentedvolunteers.“There'salotof__5__（hide）creativityoutthere，”saidLynBlom,ofPhillipIslandNaturePark.

“Peoplelovetoknowthatthey'rehelpingthepenguins__6__they'resocuteandsmallandtheywaddleupthebeachandthey'resostrong.Buttheyneedtobe,fortheylivein__7__prettytoughsortofenvironment.”

Athumbnail－sizedpatchofoilcankilllittlepenguins,the__8__（small）ofthespecies,measuringjust13inches（33cm）andweighing2.2lbs（1kg）.Theoilseparatesandmatstheirfeathers,breakingnaturalwaterproofandheatingfunctions.

MsBlomestimates__9__shehasknittedbetween200and300penguinjumpersovertheyears,including__10__inthecoloursofeveryAustralianfootballteaminthecountry.

1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________　6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________

篇章导读：

本文是一篇记叙文。

MsBlom编织的迷你毛衣成功拯救了数百只企鹅，能防止它们接触到石油中的微量元素，甚至误食有毒的污染物。

1．in考查介词。

这里是“becaughtin”的固定搭配，意思为“被困于……中”。

文中是过去分词短语作定语修饰flightlessbirds。

2．poisonous考查词性转换。

poisonous作为形容词修饰其后面的名词。

3．which考查定语从句的引导词。

空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词the