教育文档高考英语一轮基础自练题 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions及解析答案新人教版选修8doc.docx

1、教育文档高考英语一轮基础自练题 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions及解析答案新人教版选修8docUnit 3 Inventors and inventions*阅读理解。Can exercise during childhood protect you against memory loss many decades later? Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain，in rats at least.“This is an animal study，but it s

2、hows that physical activity at a young age is very importantnot just for physical development，but for the whole lifelong track of cognitive(认知的)development during ageing，”says Martin Wojtowicz of the University of Toronto，Canada. “In humans，it may delay the appearance of Alzheimers disease(阿尔茨海默病)，p

3、ossibly to the point of preventing it.”Wojtowiczs team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups，and placed running wheels in the cages of one group for a period of six weeks.Around four months laterwhen the rats had reached middle agethe team taught all the rats to connect an electric shock

4、with being in a specific box.When placed in the box，they froze with fear.Two weeks later，the team tested the rats in three situations：exactly the same box in the same room，the same box with the room arranged differently，and a completely different box in a different room.The rats without access to a

5、running wheel when they were young now froze the same percentage of times in each of these situations，suggesting they couldnt remember which one was dangerous.But those that had been able to run in their youth froze 40 to 50 percent less in both changed box settings.“The results suggest the amount o

6、f physical activity when were young，at least for rats，has influence on the brain and cognitive healthin the form of better memorieswhen were older，” says Arthur Kramer of Northeastern University in Boston，who has found that，in humans，exercise promotes the growth of new brain cells.1The study shows t

7、hat _.Aphysical activity is important for physical healthBusing the running wheels is of benefit to the rats growthCphysical activity can prevent humans Alzheimers diseaseDthe more exercise a rat has when young，the better memory it will possess when older2How are Paragraph 3 and 4 mainly developed?A

8、By analyzing causes.BBy giving an example.CBy describing the process.DBy showing differences.3What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AExercise.BDevelopment.CBenefit. DStudy.4What is the authors attitude towards the animal study?ANegative. BObjective.CCritical. DDoubtful.【解题导语】本文为

9、说明文，介绍了一项科学研究，从而得出早期锻炼对大脑终身有好处的结论。1D考查细节理解。根据第一段内容尤其是第二句“Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain, in rats at least”可知，早期锻炼似乎对大脑终身有好处，至少对老鼠来说是这样的。故选D项。2C考查写作手法。根据第三段的“Wojtowiczs team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups.Around four months later.they froze with

10、 fear”和第四段的“Two weeks later，the team tested the rats in three situations”可知，本文第三、四段描述了Wojtowicz的研究小组对老鼠进行实验的过程。C项意为“通过描述过程”，故选C项。A项意为“通过分析原因”；B项意为“通过举例子”；D项意为“通过展示不同点”。这三项均不符合第三、四段的发展脉络。3A考查代词指代。根据第二段的“but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important”及“In humans，it may delay the

11、appearance of Alzheimers disease(阿尔茨海默病)”可知，身体活动很重要，对人类来说，它可能会推迟阿尔茨海默病的出现。因此“it”在文中指的是“physical activity”， A项与其同义，故选A项。4B考查观点态度。通读全文可知，作者介绍了对老鼠进行实验的过程及其结果，并引用数据进行说明，由此可知作者对动物研究的态度是很客观的。B项意为“客观的”，故选B项。*语法填空。They survive in some of the coldest environments in the worldbut even penguins appreciate a wa

12、rm woolly jumper (套头毛衣) once in a while.The mini knitted garments have helped save hundreds of flightless birds caught _1_oil leaks, providing protection from the elements and stopping them from swallowing _2_(poison) pollution.Knits for Nature, a program run by the Penguin Foundation, _3_ conserves

13、 the little penguin population of Phillip Island, 140 km southeast of Melbourne, _4_(create) up to 300 different designs over the yearsand it is all thanks to talented volunteers. “Theres a lot of _5_ (hide) creativity out there，” said Lyn Blom, of Phillip Island Nature Park.“People love to know tha

14、t theyre helping the penguins _6_ theyre so cute and small and they waddle up the beach and theyre so strong. But they need to be, for they live in _7_pretty tough sort of environment.”A thumbnailsized patch of oil can kill little penguins, the _8_ (small) of the species, measuring just 13 inches (3

15、3 cm) and weighing 2.2 lbs (1kg). The oil separates and mats their feathers, breaking natural waterproof and heating functions.Ms Blom estimates _9_she has knitted between 200 and 300 penguin jumpers over the years, including _10_in the colours of every Australian football team in the country.1_2._3._4._5._ 6._7._ 8._ 9._ 10._ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Ms Blom编织的迷你毛衣成功拯救了数百只企鹅，能防止它们接触到石油中的微量元素，甚至误食有毒的污染物。1in 考查介词。这里是“be caught in”的固定搭配，意思为“被困于中”。文中是过去分词短语作定语修饰flightless birds。2poisonous 考查词性转换。poisonous作为形容词修饰其后面的名词。3which 考查定语从句的引导词。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词the