在职硕士英语冲刺班写作讲义王兆飞.docx

在职硕士英语冲刺班写作讲义王兆飞.docx

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在职硕士英语冲刺班写作讲义王兆飞

2011在职硕士英语冲刺班写作讲义

主讲：

王兆飞

一、写作简介

根据《同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试大纲》的规定，考生应具有用英语书面表达思想的基本能力。

写作部分设一题，15分。

考试时间为30分钟。

要求考生在规定的时间内按照题目要求用英语写出一篇不少于150个词的短文，考试形式为根据提纲作文、看图作文、描述图表或根据一篇所给文章写出内容提要或读后感等。

二、写作评分标准

评判批改作文时，主要从内容和语言两个方面进行综合评判。

内容和语言是一个统一体。

作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。

作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，和语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍有密切的关系。

因此写作评分标准主要围绕四个方面：

（1）内容切题；

（2）能正确地表达思想；（3）意义连贯；（4）无重大语法错误。

具体分为以下五个等次:

2分……条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。

5分……基本切题。

表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。

有较多的严重语言错误。

8分……基本切题。

有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。

11分……切题。

表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。

14分……切题。

表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。

基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。

注:

白卷、作文与题目毫不相关,或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。

字数不足应酌情扣分。

累计字数

140～149

130～139

120～129

110～119

100～109

90～99

80～89

<79

扣分

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

9

注:

1.如题目中给出主题句、起始句、结束句，均不得计入所写字数。

2.规定内容未写全者按比例扣分。

三、写作评分实例

Directions:

Writeanessayofatleast150wordsbasedonthedrawinggivenbelow.Inyouressay,youshould

1.describethedrawingbriefly;

2.explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen

3.giveyourcomments

（1）

Asthepicturevividlydepictthatinternetlikeanetconnectdifferentpeopleintheworld.Youcancommunicatewithyourfriends.Nomatterwheretheylivein,thedistancenolongeranobstacleinourcommunication.

Thepicturereflectathought-provokingsocialphenomenonthatpeopleinamountingnumbersuseinternetshopping,work,studyandchattingwithfriendsinordertomeeteachotherfaceandface.Therearesomewhatreasonable,butyouweighinginmind,youcanfindthatdistancebetweenourspiritlongerthanbefore.OntheInternetwecannotknoweachotherverywell,becausesomepeopledon’tusetheirrealname,eventellliesoninternet.Ontheconterary,ifwemeeteachotherfaceandface,it’sbetterforcommunication.

Internetmaketheobstacleofdistancevanished,benefitusalot,wecanchatingwithourfriendswholiveinacitythatfarfromus.However,weshouldtakethatseriousinternetmakethedistanceofourspiritlongerthanbefore,internetisadouble-edgesword.

（2）

Asillustratedinthecartoon,eachpersonsitsintheirownworkroom.Infrontofthemisacomputer.Everyonelooksatthescreencarefully,andcommunicatewiththeircolleaguesthroughthenetinsteadoftalkingfacetoface.Theirworkplacesareplacedlikeanet.Andbelowthecartoon,thereisatopicwhichsays:

thenearandfaramongtheInternet.

Fromthecartoon,wecanconcludethatthecartoonistwantstoconveysuchamessage:

withthepopularityofcomputers,peoplefromallovertheworldbecomenearerbyusingtheinternettocommunicatewitheachother.Meanwhile,peoplealsobecomefarawayfromtheirfriends.Allofusacceptthefactthatthedevelopmentoftheinternetbringslotsofconveniencestoourdailylife,forinstance,wecanbuyabookonthenetinsteadofgoingtoabookstore.Besides,wecancommunicatewithourfriendsonthenetwithoutgoingoutofhome.Butwecan’tignoretheothersideofthese:

thetimewespendwithfriendsorfamilybecomesless.Andwehardlyseethemonceinaweek.Itwillmakeusfeellonelyifwecontinuetousethetoolonthenettotalkwithfriendsinsteadoftalkingwiththemonthephoneorgoingoutwiththem.

Tomybestunderstanding,weshouldusethenettocommunicatewitheachotherinaproperway.Itisjustatoolwhenwereallyneedittoserveus.Ifwewanttokeepourfriendshipmoreeffectively,weshouldspendmoretimewiththeminourreallife.Onlyinthiswaycanwenotonlymakefulluseofthecommunicationtoolonthenetbutalsomakeourfriendshipstronger.

（3）

Ascanbeseenfromthepicture,manypeoplearesittinginthefrontofacomputers,whoarebasingintypingonthekeyboard,buttheydon’timmediatecommunicatewitheachotherthoughtheylivenear.Itlookslikeabitpot,everyonehasitsspace,andthecomputerisnecessaryforthem.

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatthispictureaimsatreavlingacommonphenomenoninourdailylife,thatisinternetbringsconviencestous,alsobringsthedistanceforeachother.Nowadays,wemustbelievethatourdevelopmentcannotleavetheusingofinternet.Wedoanythingsthroughthecomputerinsteadofsaying“hello”toourfamiliesorcolleaguesfacetoface.

Inmyopinion,wemustrealizetheimportanceoftheinternetandalsopaymoreattentionstocommunicatewitheachotherfacetoface.Donotmakethecomputermakeadistantbetweenus.

（4）

Largelythroughtheinfluenceofmanypeoplefromdifferentpointsoftheworld.Theold,theyoungandthestudent,theyusethecomputerstoconstantwithanotherbody.

Somepeopleusecomputertolearenewknowledge,suchasthestudents.Somepeopleusethecomputertohelpthemtocompletetheirwork.Suchasthetankworkers.Whilesomepeopleusethecomputertoplaygames.Forexample,someoldpersonliketoplaygameoncomputer.

ManypeopleoncomputerisonMondaytoFriday.Buttheplayerpeopleiseverydaymoreorless.Sotheworldislikeafamily.Sincethecomputerwithusistoenableourtoshareinacommonlifewecannothelpconsideringwhetherornotweareformingthepowersofthelife’shappy.

（5）

Asisvividlydepictedinthedrawingabove,wecanseeclearlythatsomepeopleareverynearbythecomputerwhilesomepeoplearemuchlongwitheachotherinthenetworld.

Whatisconveyedinthepictureismostthought-provokingandworthdiscussingamongpeople,especiallytheyoungpeople.Itisamirror,reflectingtherelationshipsbetweenthepeoplearealteringbytheInternet.People’sopinionsdiffergreatlyonthismatter.SomepeoplebelievethattheInternetisveryconvenientforpeoplewhoarelivinginalongerdistancetokeepconnectionwitheachother.OthersarguethattheInternetmakethepeoplelivinginnearareasmeetverylittle.Stillothersholdthatpeople’sfacingtofacetocommunicateisreducingtoalowlevel.

Itstruckmethatifnothingisdonetosolvethesocialphenomenon,itseffectwillbesoonshown,whichinevitablyaffectsthedevelopmentoftheharmonioussociety.Soweshouldregardthetrendrightly.Wealsoshouldtakeitintoouraccountsstrictly.WeshouldusetheNetmorereasonably.Onnoaccountshouldwemakethepeoplelongerbythecomputer.Onlyinthiswaycanwehaveagoodgenerationforeseen.Andamoreharmonioussocietycanbebuiltup.

四、写作题型分类

（一）阐述观点型

1．对立观点型

1）Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicBuyingLotteryTickets.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.有些人赞成买彩票

2.有些人反对买彩票

3.你的观点

2）Directions:

Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldParentsSendTheirKidstoArtClasses?

Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.现在有不少家长送孩子参加各种艺术班

2.对这种做法有人表示支持，但有人并不赞成

3.我认为……

3）Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicShouldOneExpectaRewardWhenDoingaGoodDeed?

Youshouldwriteatleast150words,andyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline（giveninChinese）below:

1.有些人认为有做好事应该有回报。

2.另一些人认为应该像雷锋那样，做好事不计回报。

3.我的看法

2．单一观点型

1）Directions:

Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayofatleast150wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.

Accordingtoarecentnewspaperreport,manyfamoussitesofhistoricalinterestinChinahavebegunorareconsideringchargingtouristshigherentryfeesduringpeaktravelseasons.Whatisyouropinion?

2）Directions:

Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledOntheImportanceofaName.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.Somethinkanameisimportantwhileothersdon’t

2.Stateyouropinionandreasons

3.Conclusion

（二）陈述利弊型

1）Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic“TheAdvantagesandDisadvantagesofOnlineShopping”.Youshouldwriteatleast150words:

1.网络购物有很多好处

2.网络购物也有弊端

3.结论

2）Directions:

Inthispart,youaretowriteacompositionofnolessthan150words.Youshouldwriteaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelow.

Thetextmessageisamessageandsentandreceivedviathemobilephone.Whileithasgreatlyhelpedus,itisalsoasourceoftrouble.

1.Introductoryremarks.

2.Myopinionaboutthetextmessage

3.Conclusion

（三）解决问题型

1）Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteashortessayentitledDrunkDriving.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1．近年来酒后驾车导致了很多事故

2．造成这种现象的原因

3．我们应该怎么做

2）Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteashortessayentitledDueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinese.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1．近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象

2．出现这种现象的原因和后果

3．为了改变这种状况，我认为……

（四）谚语警句型

Directions:

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacompositionofatleast150wordsonthetopic“ThemoreIlearn,themoreignorantIfindmyselftobe”.

1.interpretthesaying

2.giveanexampleorexamples

3.makeaconclusion

（五）图表图画型

1）Directions:

Studythefollowingchartcarefullyandwriteanessayofatleast150wordsinwhichyoushould

 　　1.describethechart, 

　　2.accountforthefactrevealedinthechart.

ThenumberofChinesescholarsreturningfromoverseasoverthepastyears

2）Directions:

Inthispartyouaretowriteacompositionofatleast150words.Studythefollowingchartscarefullyandbaseyourcompositionontheinformationgiveninthecharts.

3）Directions:

Writeanessayofatleast150wordsbasedonthepicturesgivenbelow.Inyouressay,youshould

1.describethepicturesbriefly;