托福冲刺班写作讲义全.docx

托福冲刺班写作讲义全.docx

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托福冲刺班写作讲义全

2010年TOEFL冲刺班写作讲义主讲：

戴云

一、强化班内容回顾（PDF）

二、句子写作

1、句子表达

假如你经常和外国人交流，你就会了解到很多国外的风俗习惯，开阔你的视野。

Youwillknowmoreaboutforeigncustomsaswellasforeignhabitsandyourhorizonwillbebroadened,ifyouoftencommunicatewithforeigners.

Youwillknowmoreaboutforeigncustomsandhabits,andyoucanbroadenyourhorizonaswell,ifyouoften\frequentlycommunicatewithforeigners.

和同学们一起去旅游是个交朋友的好机会。

Travelingwithclassmatesprovidesagoodopportunitytomakefriends.

有的父母根本不知道如何教育孩子，不是合格的老师。

Someparentsarenotqualifiedteachers,fortheydonotknowhowtoeducatetheirchildrenatall.

每天都有很多车在小区周围的道路上行驶，对行人的安全造成巨大的威胁。

Therearemanycarsrunningonthestreetsaroundthecommunityeveryday,whichposesagiganticthreattothesafetyofthepeoplewalkingaround/passers-by.

大公司里面的能人很多，可以教我们学习科学技术知识，促进自己的成长，有利于自己的事业的发展。

Therearemanycapablebrainsinbigcompanieswhocouldteachusalotofscienceandtechnologyandpromoteourpersonalgrowth,whichisbeneficialtoourcareerdevelopment.

在户外活动可以有机会欣赏美丽的自然风景，而且空气也比在室内更加清新，对健康更加有好处。

Wehaveanexcellentopportunitytoenjoythebeautifulnaturalsceneriesoutdoorswherethereismorefreshairthanindoors,whichisfavorabletoourhealth.

因特网把世界各地的人联系在一起，消除了肤色地域宗教和财富的差别，这对建立一个和谐的世界大家庭有积极的作用。

Internetconnectspeoplethroughouttheworldregardlessofthedistinctionoftheirskincolors,locations,religionsandwealth,whichplaysapositiveroleintheconstructionofaharmoniousworldfamily.

在公共交通工具上使用手机会干扰别人的思绪，有些人正想利用这个机会思考一下今天的工作呢。

Usingcellphonesonpublictransportationvehicleswillinterruptotherpeople’sthinking,fortheyarejusttryingtomakeuseofthetimetothinkabouttheirworkoftheday.

很多明星正是因为经常在报纸电台上露面才一直保持较高的人气，才能做广告挣钱。

Agreatnumberofstarskeeptheirgreatpopularitythroughfrequentappearanceonnewspapersandbroadcastingprograms,sothattheycanearnmoneybyactinginadvertisements.

到底谁更幸福：

拿高工资但是每天工作时间长几乎没有时间和家人朋友在一起的人，还是拿低工资但是每天工作时间短有很多时间陪伴家人和朋友的人？

Whowouldbehappier:

thosepeoplewhohavetoworklonghourseverydaytoearnhighsalariesbuthavehardlyanytimetospendwiththeirfamiliesandfriends,orthosepeoplewhochoosetoworkshorthourseverydaytoleavemuchtimefortheirfriendsandfamiliesbutearnlowsalaries？

现代医药技术可以把以前不能治好的病人治愈，这有助于人类的健康幸福。

Modernmedicaltechnologycancurepatientswhowereconsideredincurableinthepast,whichcontributestothehealthandhappinessofhumanbeings.

过去的人冬天都没有暖气，出门也没有汽车坐，连吃肉都困难，哪有什么幸福可言？

Howcouldthosepeopleinthepastfeelhappywhentherewerenoheatersinwinter,nocarstoridewhilegoingout,evennomeattoeat？

城市的人连邻居都不一定打招呼，更别说和陌生人聊天了，哪像镇上的人，几乎每个人都很熟，都是好朋友，可以一起出去玩。

Urbanpeopleevenrefusetosayhellototheirneighbors,nottomentionchattingwithstrangers,unlikepeopleinthetownwhoareacquaintancesandgoodfriendsofeachotherandarereadytoplaytogether.

学生努力考到高分是为了展示自己的实力，获得别人的赞赏，更是为了掌握尽可能多的知识，以便于日后的发展。

我不明白为什么会有人怀疑考高分的好处呢？

Studentswhotrytheirbesttogethighscoresjustwanttoshowtheirability,toacquireadmirationfromothers,and,what’smoreimportant,tomasterasmuchknowledgeaspossibleforthefuturedevelopment.Iamwonderingwhytherecouldbesuchpeopleascastdoubtsontheadvantagesofpursuinghighscores.

经常去比博物馆既可以学到很多知识，有利事业，又可以放松心情，有利健康。

Wecanbothacquiremoreknowledge,whichisbeneficialtoourcareer,andbecomerelaxed,whichisbeneficialtoourhealth,ifweoftenvisitmuseums.

难道在小公司工作就没有好处吗？

我相信答案是肯定的！

Aren’tthereanybenefitsofworkinginsmallcompanies?

Ibelievetheanswerwilldefinitelybeyes.

城市的人有更多机会接受良好教育，并且有更多机会找到好工作。

Therewillbemoreopportunitiesforurbanpeopletoreceivegoodeducationandfindgoodjobs.

有了计划，就会提高工作效率。

Peoplewillsurelyimprovetheirworkingefficiencygreatlywithaplaninadvance.

很明显，将来的人会更有钱，会购买更多的汽车以利于自己的出行。

Obviously,peopleinthefuturewillbewealthierandbuymorecarstofacilitatetheirtraveling.

无论是同时做很多件事，还是一件一件地做事，都有各自的优点。

Bothdoingmanythingsatthesametimeanddoingthingsoneafteranotherhavetheirownrespectivebenefits.

现代医药的进步是科技进步的典型例证。

Theprogressofmodernmedicineisatypicalexampleoftheprogressofscienceandtechnology.

和别人穿着一样的衣服，可以很容易被别人接受，和别人交流并成为朋友。

Dressedinclothesofthesamestyleasothers,peoplewillfinditeasiertobeaccepted,tocommunicatewithotherpeopleandconsequentlybecometheirfriends.

谁也不希望自己因为处处和别人不一样而被一个群体抛弃。

Noonewishestobeabandonedbyagroup,justbecausehedoeseverythingdifferently.

为了有更充足的私人空间所以选择自己开车出行而不乘坐公共交通工具的人多的是。

Formoreprivatespaceintraveling,therearefullynumerouspeoplewhochooseprivatecarsinsteadofpublictransportation.

想象一下城市商业区几乎没有人的景象吧？

那将是非常令人失望的。

Couldyouimaginethattherearefewpeopleincitycommercialareas?

Thatwouldbemorethandisappointing.

2、优秀句子

Anthropologistshavediscoveredthatfear,happiness,sadness,andsurpriseareuniversallyreflectedinfacialexpressions.

人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。

Inordertoremaininexistence,aprofit-makingorganizationmust,inthelongrun,producesomethingconsumersconsiderusefulordesirable.

任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。

IsAmericagoingtodeclinelikeothergreatpowers（nations）inhistory?

Theauthorthinksnot,arguingthatthetypeofsocietycreatedinAmericaisquiteunlikeanythathasgonebeforeit.

美国是否会如同历史上其他强国一样走向衰亡？

作者持否定态度，认为美国创建的社会模式不同于任何已出现的社会模式。

Thegreaterthepopulationthereisinalocality,thegreatertheneedthereisforwater,transportation,anddisposalofrefuse.一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。

ProfessorHuntington’spapergreatlyinspiredme.Accordingtohim,inapluralsociety,therewillinevitablybedifferentopinions.Thekeyistodealwiththeminsuchawaythattheycanplayaconstructiveratherthandestructiverole.

Huntington教授的论文使我深受启发。

他认为，在一个多元化（plural）社会里，不同意见是不可避免的。

关键在于怎样正确对待不同意见，使之发挥建设性、而非破坏性的作用。

Hearguesthatinapluralsocietywemuststress/attachimportancetointerpersonalrelationships,cooperation,andlookatissuesfromtheperspectiveofotherpeople.Ifsomegroupsregardthemselvesassuperiorandtreatotherethnicgroupsorreligionswithdisrespect,thewholesocietymaybeparalyzed.Iamconvincedthatifweputintopracticetheideasmentionedabove,thenthereisthepossibilityofcreatinganewcivilization.

他还说，在一个多元化（plural）社会里，我们必须重视人际关系，强调合作，多从他人视角考虑问题。

如果某些群体自视高人一筹，不尊重其他种族或宗教，那么整个社会有可能陷入瘫痪。

我相信，要是我们把上述想法付诸实践，那我们就有可能创造出一种新的文明。

三、综合写作

1、Zebramussels:

阅读材料：

ZebramusselsarespreadingrapidlyfromEastEurope,wheretheyintiallyoriginated,tothevastareasofNorthAmerica.Thisuniquefresh-waterecologicalsystem,wherevertheyhappentotravel.Tomakeitevenworse,feweffectivemeasursehavebeendevelopedsofartocontroltheexplosionofzebramussels.

First,asdemonsratedinhistory,theinvasionofzebramusselshasforalltimebeenunstoppable.Thisisbecausezebramusselsaresosmartthattheyhavelongadaptedtofastenthemselcestohumanvehicles.Forexample,eversince19century,shipstravelingonfreshwaterroutesinEastEuropehavebeenfoundcattyingtonsofzebramusselsonthebottoms.Ofcourse,thisisnottheonlywaymusselscantravelwithships.Thousandsoftheselittlecreaturesactuallyhideandmultiplythemselvesinthe“ballastwater”-waterintentionallyfilledintobalancetheships.

Second,zebramusselsalwaysdominatenewareassoonaftertheirfirstsuccessfulinvasion.Thisshellfishhasbeenconsideredahardycreature,becausetheycaneasilyadaptintoalmostanyenvironmentandstillkeeptheiramazingreproductionrateduringtheprocedureofadaptaion.What’smore,sincezebramusselsarenewtotheecologicalsystemsofNorthAmerica,hardlyanypredatorsofthisshellfishareknown.

Third,thepollutioncausedbyzebramussels’wastecanfirstreducethequalityofawaterbodyandsoonafterthat,theocerallfishnumeberdwellinginit.Inaddition,zebramusselsdevourfoodandnutritionwhichwoulditherwisefeedmanyotherlocalfishes.

听力材料：

FemaleProfessor:

Well,thisisthepopularbeliefofzebramussels.Butwon’tsaythattheyarereallysuchabigthreat.Onthecontrary,mostinformationmentionedinthispassagehasbeenexaggerated.Thespreadofzebramusselsis,ofcourse,stoppable,ifpropermeasursearetaken.

First,yes,inhistory,peopledidn’tstopzebramussels’invasion.Butthatwasbecausepeopledidn’thavetheknowledgethen.Nowwehowtodealwiththeballastwaterforsure.Forexample,whenshipstravelontheseawaters,theycanemptyallthefreshballastwaterandthenrefillanequalamountofsaltwater.Becausealthoughzebramusselsarehardlyshellfish,theyarefreshwaterspeciesanywayandsaltwaterkillsthemalmostimmediately.

Second,theysaythemusselscandominatethewholeecologicalsystemofNorthAmerica?

Thatis…purenonsense.Ofcourse,becausethemusselsarenewtoAmerica,theyhavenopredatorsnow.Butitdoesn’tmeantheywillfindNorthAmericaasafeplaygroudforever.Forexample,onceabirsfindszebramusselsaremorethantasty,soonerorlater,allbirdswillknowtherecomesakindofgreatnewfood.

Third,studieshavedemonstratedthatalthoughthepollutioncausedbymussels’wastemayreducethenumberofsomefishlivingintheupperwater,otherfish,especiallythefishlivinginthebottom,actuallyincreaseinnumbers.

范文：

Theprofessormakesthepointthatzebramusselsarenotdangerousanymorenowastheyusedtobe,sincepeoplehavefoundwaystosolvetheproblem.

First,theprofessorholdsthatpeoplenowknowhowtostopzebramussels’invasion.Whenshipstravelonthesea,peoplecansimplyuseseawatertoreplacethefreshballastwater.Becausethezebramusselscannotliveinseawater,thismethodcankil