中英文化差异对称呼语的影响.docx
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中英文化差异对称呼语的影响
OnAddressingTermsInfluencedbyCulturalDifferencesBetweenChineseandEnglish
Abstract:
Addressingtermsaretheimportantpartsoflanguage.Everylanguagehasitsownspecificaddressingsystemanditsusageiscloselyrelatedwiththeculturalbackground.Addressingternsareeasilyobservedinpeople’sdailyutterances.Theyplayasignificantinthesmoothdevelopmentofawholecommunicationprocess.Appropriateaddressingtermsarecrucialforeffectivecommunicationandsuccessfulmaintenanceofinterpersonalrelationships.原创英语毕业论文请咨询QQ253771735Thisthesisattemptstodrawacross-culturalcomparisonofaddressingtermsbetweenChineseandEnglishfromtheirsimilarityanddifferences.Italsogoesbeneaththesurfaceandexplorestheculturaldifferencesinvaluesystemsandphilosophicalsourcesofdifferencesintheseaspects.Thisstudywillhelppeopleknowmoreaboutaddressingtermsunderdifferentculturalbackgroundsandtherebyincreasemutualunderstanding,enhancetheircommunicationlevelandestablishgoodrelationships.
Keywords:
Addressingterms;Culturaldifferences;Influence
中英文化差异对称呼语的影响
摘要:
称呼语是语言的重要组成部分,每种语言都有其特有的称呼体系。
称呼语与其文化背景密切相关,受到文化的影响并且反映文化。
称呼语在人们的日常会话中显而易见,为整个交际过程的顺利进行起了重要作用。
适当的称呼语对有效地沟通与维持成功的人际关系至关重要。
本论文试对英语和汉语这两种语言称呼语的异同进行对比研究,同时也探讨其表象下价值体系和哲学来源地文化差异。
这一研究无疑会有助于人们对不同文化背景下的称呼语的了解,从而增进彼此间的了解,提高人与人之间的交流水平,建立良好的人际关系。
关键词:
称呼语;文化差异;影响
Content
Abstract...............................................................................................................................................1
Keywords...........................................................................................................................................2
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................21TheintroductionofAddressingterms................................................................................3
1.1Definitions.....................................................................................................................................4
1.2Classification................................................................................................................................5
1.3functions.......................................................................................................................................7
1.3.1Expressivefunction...................................................................................................................8
1.3.2Directivefunction.....................................................................................................................9
2ThesimilaritiesofEnlishandChineseAddressingterms.........................................10
2.1TitlesinAddressingterms..........................................................................................................10
2.2ZeroAddressingterms...............................................................................................................11
3ThedifferencesofEnglishandChineseAddressingterms...............................................11
3.1Thekinshipterms.......................................................................................................................11
3.2ThegenderdifferencesofAddressingterms.....................................................................…...12
Conclusion...............................................................................................................................15
Notes.......................................................................................................................................17
Bibliography............................................................................................................................17
Acknowledgements.................................................................................................................18
Introduction
Withthedevelopmentofeconomyandculture,theinterculturalcommunicationincreasesrapidlyallovertheworld.Asamatteroffact,addressingtermsplayansignificantroleininterculturalcommunication.Asanimportantkindofcommunicationlanguage,theymakeuponeofthemostimportantpartsoflanguagesystemsandreflectthespeaker'sandaddressee'sroleandidentity,familyandsocialstatus,intimacyorremotenessoftheirrelationshipaswellastheirlikesanddislikes.Addressingtermsarethepreludetopersonalassociationandtheirproperusearetheprerequisitetoachievetheaimofpersonalcontact.Inmanycircumstances,addressingtermsaretheveryfirstmessageconveyedtotheaddressee.Sometimesasimpleaddressingtermcantaketheplaceofalongsentenceinconveyingaprofoundmeaning.Addressingisasystematic,variablesocialphenomenon.Differentnationhasitsownuniqueaddressingsystem.Addressingtermsareimportantaswellasfrequentineverydaysocialinteractionsallovertheworld.原创英语毕业论文请咨询QQ253771735Appropriateaddressingbehavioriscrucialfortheestablishmentandmaintenanceofinterpersonalrelationships.
Fromtheearlydaysinhumanhistory,addressingtermshavecaughtscholars'attentionbothhomeandabroad.Westernscholars'researchonaddressingtermsroughlybeganinthe1950's.Sincethen,sociolinguistsandpsycholinguistshavemadesomeremarkableachievementsinthestudyofaddressingterms.Theyhavepresentedaddressingsystemsandtherulesthatgovernthechoiceofaddressingterms.Amongthem,themostrenownedstudyonaddressingtermsisdonebyBrownandGilmaninthe1950s.They'vemadedetailedstudyontheusageofVform,thatis,thetermBrownandGilmanusetodesignatethedeferentialpronouninanyofthelanguages,takingthefirstletterfromLatinvos,whichisanalogousto“您”(nin)inChineseandTform,thatis,thefamiliarpronoun,fromLatintu,whichissimilarto“你”(ni)inChinese.Laterinthe1960sand1970s,theaddressingtermsystemofAmericanEnglishwasanalyzedbyBrownandFordandErvin-Tripp.Ervin-TripptookaquitedifferentapproachtothestudyofAmericanEnglishaddressingterms.Shepresentstheaddressingtermsystemasaseriesofchoicesusingthecomputerflowchartformat.ResearchesdonebyfamousChinesescholarsincludethosebyChaoYuenren,ChenSongcen,ZhuWanjinandTianHuigang,amongwhomTian'sresearchonChineseandWesternaddressingtermsismoresystematicanddetailed.Theseresearches,thoughfruitful,areonlyconfinedtothescopeofsociolinguistics.
原创英语毕业论文请咨询QQ253771735Inrecentyearsmanypragmatistsalsoshowastronginterestinstudyingthefunctionsandmeaningsofaddressingterms.Onthebasisofthesestudiesofsociolinguistcs,philosoghy,pragmaticsandculturology,thepaperattemptsasystemanticinvestigationonculturalsimilarityanddifferenceofaddressingtermsbetweenChineseandEnglish.Theprincipalmethodusedinthisdissertationiscomparativeanalysis,becausecomparisonisoneimportantandeffectiveapproachtogettheessenceoftwosimilarmatters.AndacomparativestudyisalsomadeforthepurposeofguidingEnglishlanguageteachingandinterculturalcommunication.
Theaddressingtermstudytouchesawiderangeofdisciplinessuchashistoricallinguistics,etymology,grammar,psychology,anthropology,ethnology,philosophy,sociolinguists,pragmaticsandculturology,etc.ThepapercontributesaverysmallparttothisbroadissuesinceaddresstermsconcernedinthepaperarelimitedtotheverygeneralphenomenoninChineseandEnglishspeakingcountries.Someotherfactorssuchasfamilybackground,powerandsolidarity,axiologyoutlookandculturalorientation,whicharecoveredinthepresentstudy,mayprovetoplayanimportantroleintheuseofaddressingterms.However,toacertaindegree,thesefactorsareanalyzedinasubjectiveperspectivewithoutinvolvingadetailedquestionnaireonaddressingterms.So,moreresearchesincludingsometestsareneeded.Variationoftheaddressingtermsarebecomingasubjectoftheresearchers.Inthefuturestudy,thestudyofgroupvariationandindividualdifferenceaswellastheuniformitywillgetmoreandmoreattention.
Havingagoodunderstandingaboutaddressingterms,wecouldmakefulluseofthemtostartcross-culturalcommunicationandthenbuildabetterinterpersonalrelationship.Thisdissertationiscomposedoffourparts.Thefirstpartpresentsdefinitionandfunction.ThesecondandthirdpartsanalysisaddressingtermsfromtheirsimilarityanddifferencebetweenChineseandEnglishrespectively.Finally,theauthormakeaconclusionofaddressingtermsinfluencedbyculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglish.
1Theintroductionofaddressingterms
Addressingtermsareanimportantandnecessarypartinhumanlanguageandalsocommonphenomenainverbalcommunicationindailylifeanduniversalacrossdifferentcultures.Thereforepeopleshouldtakecareoftheirusesindailycommunicationsandinteractionsinordertoachievebetterunderstandingandachieveharmoniousrelationshipintheirspeechcommunities.Herearethebasicinformationaboutthem.
1.1Definitions
Addressingtermsarefrequentlyusedindailycommunications.Todefineithowever,isnotaneasytaskbecauseitinvolvesmanyaspects.Therearevariousdefinitionsmadefromdifferentperspectives,abriefreviewofwhichmaythrowlightonourunderstanding.
l)Addressingtermisthewordorwordsusedtoaddresssomebody,inspeechorwriting.[1]
2)Anaddressingtermisatermusedtorefertoortonameapersondirectlyinspeechorwriting.[2]
3)Addressingtermsarethewordsspeakersusetodesignatethepersontheyaretalkingtowhiletheyaret