职称英语理工AB级阅读理解精讲.docx

职称英语理工AB级阅读理解精讲.docx

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职称英语理工AB级阅读理解精讲

职称英语理工AB级阅读理解精讲

（1）

　WhereHaveAlltheBeesGone?

　　Scientistswhostudyinsectshavearealmysteryontheirhands.Allacrossthecountry,honeybeesareleavingtheirhivesandneverreturning.Researcherscallthisphenomenoncolony-collapse1disorder.Accordingtosurveysofbeekeepersacrossthecountry,25to40percentofthehoneybeesintheUnitedStateshavevanishedfromtheirhivessincelastfall.Sofar,noonecanexplainwhy.

　　Colonycollapseisaseriousconcernbecausebeesplayanimportantroleintheproductionofaboutone-thirdofthefoodsweeat.Astheyfeed,honeybeesspreadpollenfromflowertoflower.Withoutthisprocess,aplantcan’tproduceseedsorfruits.

　　Now,agroupofscientistsandbeekeepershaveteameduptotrytofigureoutwhat’scausingthealarmingcollapseofsomanycolonies.Bysharingtheirexpertiseinhoneybeebehavior,health,andnutrition,teammembershopetofindoutwhat’scontributingtothedeclineandtopreventbeedisappearancesinthefuture.

　　Itcouldbethatdiseaseiscausingthedisappearanceofthebees.Toexplorethatpossibility,JayEvans,aresearcherattheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture（USDA）BeeResearchLaboratory2,examinesbeestakenfromcoloniesthatarecollapsing.“Weknowwhatshealthybeeshouldlooklikeontheinside,andwecanlookforphysicalsignsofdisease,”hesays.Andbeesfromcollapsingcoloniesdon’tlookveryhealthy.“Theirstomachsareworndown,comparedtothestomachsofhealthybees,”Evanssays.Itmaybethataparasiteisdamagingthebees’digestiveorgans.Theirimmunesystemsmaynotbeworkingastheyshould.Moreover,theyhavehighlevelsofbacteriainsidetheirbodies.

　　Anothercauseofcolony-collapsedisordermaybecertainchemicalsthatfarmersapplytokillunwantedinsectsoncrops,saysJerryHayes,chiefbeeinspectorfortheFloridaDepartmentofAgriculture3.Somestudies,hesays,suggestthatacertaintypeofinsecticideaffectsthehoneybee’snervoussystem（whichincludesthebrain）andmemory.“Itseemslikehoneybeesaregoingoutandgettingconfusedaboutwheretogoandwhattodo,”hesays.

　　Ifitturnsoutthatadiseaseiscontributingtocolonycollapse,bees’genescouldexplainwhysomecolonieshavecollapsedandothershavenot.Inanygroupofbeestherearemanydifferentkindsofgenes.Themoredifferentgenesagrouphas,thehigherthegroup’sgeneticdiversity.Sofarscientistshaven’tdeterminedtheroleofgeneticdiversityincolonycollapse,butit’sapromisingtheory,saysEvans.

　　词汇：

　　honeybeen.蜜蜂parasiten.寄生虫;寄生生物

　　hiven.蜂巢;蜂箱digestiveadj.消化的

　　pollenn.花粉immuneadj.免疫的

　　beekeepern.养蜂人insecticiden.杀虫剂

　　expertisen.专门知识，专长diversityn.多样性

　　注释：

　　1.colony-collapse：

群体瘫痪。

Colony有“殖民地”的意思，在此意为：

agroupofthesamekindofanimals,plants,orone-celledorganismslivingorgrowingtogether.一群生活或生长在一起的同种动物、植物或单细胞有机体。

　　2.theUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture（USDA）BeeResearchLaboratory：

美国农业部蜜蜂研究实验室。

　　3.theFloridaDepartmentofAgriculture：

佛罗里达农业局。

佛罗里达是美国东南部的一个州，濒临大西洋和墨西哥湾。

　　练习：

　　1.Whatisthemysterythatresearchersfindhardtoexplain?

　　A）Honeybeesareflyingallacrossthecountry.

　　B）25-40percentofthehoneybeesintheUShavedied.

　　C）Honeybeesareleavingtheirhivesanddonotreturn.

　　D）Honeybeehivesareindisorder.

　　2.Whyareresearchersseriouslyconcernedwiththephenomenonofcolony-collapsedisorder?

　　A）Becausehoneybeesproduceone-thirdofthefoodsweeat

　　B）Becausehoneybeesfeedonflowers.

　　C）Becausehoneybeeseatseedsofflowers.

　　D）BothBandC.

　　3.Whatarethepossiblecausesofcolony-collapsedisordergivenbythescientists?

　　A）Worseningenvironment.

　　B）Diseaseandchemicals.

　　C）Dwindlingnumberofflowersaround.

　　D）Changesingenes’structures.

　　4.Accordingtothefifthparagraph,whichofthefollowingaboutbees’genesistrue?

　　A）Bees’genesallowthemtoexpandtheircolonies.

　　B）Beesgeneshelpkeepthemintheirhives.

　　C）Beesgenesmakethemflyfromflowertoflower.

　　D）Beesgenescouldexplainthecollapseofsomecolonies.

　　5.WhatexplanationisgivenbyJerryHayestothephenomenon?

　　A）Farmersapplycertainchemicalstokillunwantedbees.

　　B）Theinsecticidedestroysthehoneybee’snervoussystem.

　　C）Theinsecticideaffectsthehoneybee’smemory.

　　D）Alloftheabove.

　　答案与题解：

　　1.分析文章标题：

Wherehaveallthebees（蜜蜂）gone（去）?

　　文章将分析造成蜜蜂离去的原因,参看文章开头部分的语句或文章中的用词特点，以进一步了解文章主题：

　　Scientistswhostudyinsectshavearealmysteryontheirhands.All完全地across（越过，到...的对面）thecountry,honeybeesareleaving（离开）theirhives（蜂巢）andneverreturning（返回）.（第3句）Researchers（研究者）callthisphenomenon（现象）colony-collapse1disorder（混乱，紊乱）.Accordingtosurveysofbeekeepersacrossthecountry,25to40percentofthehoneybeesintheUnitedStateshavevanishedfromtheirhivessincelastfall.Sofar,noonecanexplainwhy.

　　Colony（（生物）群体）collapse（崩溃）isaseriousconcernbecausebeesplayanimportantroleintheproductionofaboutone-thirdofthefoodsweeat.Astheyfeed,honeybeesspreadpollenfromflowertoflower.Withoutthisprocess,aplantcan’tproduceseedsorfruits.

　　Now,agroupofscientistsandbeekeepershaveteameduptotrytofigureoutwhat’scausingthealarmingcollapseofsomanycolonies.Bysharingtheirexpertiseinhoneybeebehavior,health,andnutrition,teammembershopetofindoutwhat’scontributingtothedeclineandtopreventbeedisappearancesinthefuture.

　　Itcouldbethatdiseaseiscausingthedisappearanceofthebees.Toexplorethatpossibility,JayEvans,aresearcherattheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture（USDA）BeeResearchLaboratory2,examinesbeestakenfromcoloniesthatarecollapsing.“Weknowwhatshealthybeeshouldlooklikeontheinside,andwecanlookforphysicalsignsofdisease,”hesays.Andbeesfromcollapsingcoloniesdon’tlookveryhealthy.“Theirstomachsareworndown,comparedtothestomachsofhealthybees,”Evanssays.Itmaybethataparasiteisdamagingthebees’digestiveorgans.Theirimmunesystemsmaynotbeworkingastheyshould.Moreover,theyhavehighlevelsofbacteriainsidetheirbodies.

　　Anothercauseofcolony-collapsedisordermaybecertainchemicalsthatfarmersapplytokillunwantedinsectsoncrops,saysJerryHayes,chiefbeeinspectorfortheFloridaDepartmentofAgriculture3.Somestudies,hesays,suggestthatacertaintypeofinsecticideaffectsthehoneybee’snervoussystem（whichincludesthebrain）andmemory.“Itseemslikehoneybeesaregoingoutandgettingconfusedaboutwheretogoandwhattodo,”hesays.

　　Ifitturnsoutthatadiseaseiscontributingtocolonycollapse,bees’genescouldexplainwhysomecolonieshavecollapsedandothershavenot.Inanygroupofbeestherearemanydifferentkindsofgenes.Themoredifferentgenesagrouphas,thehigherthegroup’sgeneticdiversity.Sofarscientistshaven’tdeterminedtheroleofgeneticdiversityincolonycollapse,butit’sapromisingtheory,saysEvans.

　　分析：

文章主题涉及对蜜蜂群体崩溃现象的讨论。

　　2.直接解题：

　　1.Whatisthemystery（神秘，神秘的事情）thatresearchers（研究者）findhard（困难的，硬的，坚固的，努力地）toexplain（解释）?

　　A）Honeybees（蜜蜂）areflyingall（完全地）acrossthecountry（国家，乡村）（遍及全国）.

　　B）25-40percent（百分之，百分数）ofthehoneybeesintheUShavedied（死亡）.

　　C）Honeybeesareleavingtheirhives（蜂巢）anddonotreturn（返回）.

　　D）Honeybeehives（蜂箱）areindisorder（紊乱，混乱）.

　　1.C.细节题。

该题可以借助文章主题的提示直接判定C是答案，也可以参考文章中的相关内容来判断答案。

利用问题句中的细节信息词（mystery,researcher）及备选项中的细节及特征结构（A：

allcrossthecountry;B：

25-40percentofhoneybeesintheUS,C/D:

honeybeehives）共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：

　　（第一段）Scientists（与问题句中的researchers词义相关）whostudyinsects（昆虫）haveareal（真正的）mystery（神秘的事情）ontheirhands（正在处理...）.Allacrossthecountry（遍及全国）,honeybeesareleavingtheirhivesandneverreturning（不再返回）.Researcherscallthisphenomenoncolony-collapse1disorder.Accordingto（根据）surveysofbeekeepersacrossthecountry,25to40percentofthehoneybeesintheUnitedStateshavevanished（消失）fromtheirhivessince.Sofar（到目前为止）,noonecanexplainwhy.

　　答案相关句（第一段的第一句和第二句）告诉我们，昆虫学加家正面临一个不可解释的谜：

蜜蜂飞出蜂巢后，不再返回。

　　2.Whyareresearchers（研究者）seriously（认真地，严肃地）concernedwith（关注...,关心...）thephenomenon（现象）ofcolony（（群体））-collapse（崩溃）disorder（混乱）?

　　A）Becausehoneybees（蜜蜂）produce（生产，引起，结（果实））one-third（1/3）ofthefoods（食物）weeat

　　B）Becausehoneybeesfeedon（以...为食）flowers（鲜花，开花）.

　　C）Becausehoneybeeseatseeds（种子）offlowers.

　　D）BothBandC.

　　2.A。

细节题。

利用问题句中的细节信息词（researchers）及备选项中的细节信息及特征结构（A：

one-thirdofthefoods;B：

flowers;C：

seedsofflowers）共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：

　　（第一题答案相关句）Scientistswhostudyinsectshavearealmysteryontheirhands.Allacrossthecountry,honeybeesareleavingtheirhivesandneverreturning.Researcherscallthisphenomenoncolony-collapse1disorder.Accordingtosurveysofbeekeepersacrossthecountry,25to40percentofthehoneybeesintheUnitedStateshavevanishedfromtheirhivessincelastfall.Sofar,noonecanexplainwhy.

　　Colonycollapse（群体崩溃/问题句中的核心词语）isaserious（认真的）concern（关注，关心，关注的事情/问题句中的核心词concerned的家族词）becausebeesplayanimportantrolein（在...方面起了很重要的作用）theproduction（生产）ofaboutone-thirdofthefoodsweeat.

　　Astheyfeed,honeybeesspreadpollenfromflowertoflower.Withoutthisprocess,aplantcan’tproduceseedsorfruits.

　　答案相关句（短文第二段的第一句）说：

蜜蜂直接关系到人类所需的1/3的食物的生产，因此A是答案。

　　提示：

如果答案相关句中出现了问题句或被选项中的近义词/家族词汇/甚至是反义词，则这个答案相关句很可能就是直接答案相关句，而有时就可能直接对比这个答案相关句的结构和用词，对比被选项中的结构和用词，直接判断答案。

　　该题考查短语结构（playarolein.../在...方面起作用）

　　3.Whatarethepossible（可能的）causes（原因，造成）ofcolony-collapsedisorder（混乱）givenbythescientists?

　　A）Worsening（恶化的）environment（环境）.

　　B）Disease（疾病）andchemicals（化学制品）.

　　C）D