考研英语阅读答案.docx

考研英语阅读答案.docx

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考研英语阅读答案

2009考研英语阅读答案

【篇一：

2009年考研英语一真题（附答案）】

txt>sectioniuseofenglishresearchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.1thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedincarlzimmer?

spieceinthesciencetimesontuesday.fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly2toliveshorterlives.thissuggeststhat3bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisan4innotbeingtooterrificallybright.

intelligence,it5out,isahigh-pricedoption.ittakesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlearning-agradual7-insteadofinstinct.plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingsthey?

veapparentlylearnediswhento8.

isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligence?

that?

sthequestionbehindthisnewresearch.ilikeit.insteadofcastingawistfulglance10atallthespecieswe?

veleftinthedusti.q.-wise,itimplicitlyaskswhatthereal11ofourownintelligencemightbe.thisis12themindofeveryanimali?

veevermet.

researchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhatexperimentsanimalswould13onhumansiftheyhadthechance.everycatwithanowner,14,isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.webelievethat15animalsranthelabs,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforterrain.theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreally17,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudya19question:

arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?

20theresultsareinconclusive.

1.[a]suppose[b]consider[c]observe[d]imagine

2.[a]tended[b]feared[c]happened[d]threatened

3.[a]thinner[b]stabler[c]lighter[d]dimmer

4.[a]tendency[b]advantage[c]inclination[d]priority

5.[a]insistson[b]sumsup[c]turnsout[d]putsforward

6.[a]off[b]behind[c]over[d]along

7.[a]incredible[b]spontaneous[c]inevitable[d]gradual

8.[a]fight[b]doubt[c]stop[d]think

9.[a]invisible[b]limited[c]indefinite[d]different

10.[a]upward[b]forward[c]afterward[d]backward

11.[a]features[b]influences[c]results[d]costs

12.[a]outside[b]on[c]by[d]across

13.[a]deliver[b]carry[c]perform[d]apply

14.[a]bychance[b]incontrast[c]asusual[d]forinstance

15.[a]if[b]unless[c]as[d]lest

16.[a]moderate[b]overcome[c]determine[d]reach

17.[a]at[b]for[c]after[d]with

18.[a]aboveall[b]afterall[c]however[d]otherwise

19.[a]fundamental[b]comprehensive[c]equivalent[d]hostile

20.[a]byaccident[b]intime[c]sofar[d]betterstill

sectioniireadingcomprehension

parta

text1

habitsareafunnything.wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonauto-pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine.“notchoice,buthabitrulestheueflectingherd,”williamwordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.intheever-changing21stcentury,eventheword“habit”carriesanegativeconnotation.soitseemsantitheticaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityandinnovation.butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelsynapticpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks.

butdon?

tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;oncethoserutsofprocedurearewornintothehippocampus,they?

retheretostay.instead,thenewhabitswedeliberatelyingrainintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.

“thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder,”saysdawnamarkova,authorof“theopenmind”andanexecutivechangeconsultantforprofessionalthinkingpartners.“butwearetaughtinsteadto?

decide,?

justasourpresidentcallshimself?

thedecider.?

”sheadds,however,that“todecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone.agoodinnovationalthinkerisalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities.”

allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe?

reunaware,shesays.researchersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:

analytically,procedurally,relationally（orcollaboratively）andinnovatively.atpuberty,however,thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsooflife.

thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisandprocedure,meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemodesofthought.“thisbreaksthemajorruleintheamericanbeliefsystem-thatanyonecandoanything,”explainsm.j.ryan,authorofthe2006book“thisyeariwill...”andms.markova?

sbusinesspartner.“that?

saliethatwehaveperpetuated,anditfosterscommonness.knowingwhatyou?

regoodatanddoingevenmoreofitcreatesexcellence.”thisiswheredevelopingnewhabitscomesin.

21.theviewofwordsworthhabitisclaimedbybeing

a.casualb.familiarc.mechanicald.changeable.

22.theresearchershavediscoveredthattheformationofhabitcanbe

a.predictedb.regulatedc.tracedd.guided

23.”ruts”（inlineone,paragraph3）hasclosestmeaningto

a.tracksb.seriesc.characteristicsd.connections

24.ms.markova?

scommentssuggestthatthepracticeofstandardtesting?

a,preventsnewhabitsformbeingformed

b,nolongeremphasizescommonness

c,maintainstheinherentamericanthinkingmodel

d,complieswiththeamericanbeliefsystem

25.ryanmostprobablyagreethat

a.ideasarebornofarelaxingmind

b.innovativenesscouldbetaught

c.decisivenessderivesfromfantasticideas

d.curiosityactivatescreativeminds

text2

itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild,buttodayamancanboosthispaternal（fatherly）wisdom-oratleastconfirmthathe?

sthekid?

sdad.allheneedstodoisshellour$30forpaternitytestingkit（ptk）athislocaldrugstore-andanother$120togettheresults.

morethan60,000peoplehavepurchasedtheptkssincetheyfirstbecomeavailablewithoutprescriptionslastyears,accordingtodougfog,chiefoperatingofficerofidentigene,whichmakestheover-the-counterkits.morethantwodozencompaniesselldnatestsdirectlytothepublic,ranginginpricefromafewhundreddollarstomorethan$2500.

amongthemostpopular:

paternityandkinshiptesting,whichadoptedchildrencanusetofindtheirbiologicalrelativesandlatestrageamanypassionategenealogists-andsupportsbusinessesthatoffertosearchforafamily?

sgeographicroots.

mosttestsrequirecollectingcellsbywebbingsalivainthemouthandsendingittothecompanyfortesting.alltestsrequireapotentialcandidatewithwhomtocomparedna.

butsomeobserversareskeptical,“thereisakindoffalseprecisionbeinghawkedbypeopleclaimingtheyaredoingancestrytesting,”saystreyduster,anewyorkuniversitysociologist.henotesthateachindividualhasmanyancestors-numberinginthehundredsjustafewcenturiesback.yetmostancestrytestingonlyconsidersasinglelineage,eithertheychromosomeinheritedthroughmeninafather?

slineormitochondrialdna,whichapasseddownonlyfrommothers.thisdnacanrevealgeneticinformationaboutonlyoneortwoancestors,eventhough,forexample,justthreegenerationsbackpeoplealsohavesixothergreat-grandparentsor,fourgenerationsback,14othergreat-great-grandparents.

criticsalsoarguethatcommercialgenetictestingisonlyasgoodasthereferencecollectionstowhichasampleiscompared.databasesusedbysomecompaniesdon?

trelyondatacollectedsystematicallybutratherlumptogetherinformationfrom

differentresearchprojects.thismeansthatadnadatabasemaydifferdependingonthecompanythatprocessestheresults.inaddition,thecomputerprogramsacompanyusestoestimaterelationshipsmaybepatentedandnotsubjecttopeerrevieworoutsideevaluation.

26.inparagraphs1and2,thetextshowsptk?

s___________.

[a]easyavailability

[b]flexibilityinpricing

[c]successfulpromotion

[d]popularitywithhouseholds

27.ptkisusedto__________.

[a]locateone?

sbirthplace[b]promotegeneticresearch

[c]identifyparent-childkinship[d]choosechildrenforadoption

28.skepticalobserversbelievethatancestrytestingfailsto__________.

[a]tracedistantancestors[b]rebuildreliablebloodlines

[c]fullyusegeneticinformation[d]achievetheclaimedaccuracy

29.inthelastparagraph,aproblemcommercialgenetictestingfacesis__________.

[a]disorganizeddatacollection

[b]overlappingdatabasebuilding

30.anappropriatetitleforthetextismostlikelytobe__________.

[a]forsandagainstsofdnatesting[b]dnatestingandit?

sproblems

[c]dnatestingoutsidethelab[d]liesbehinddnatesting

text3

therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalikeprogressinbothareaisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.wearefortunatethatisit,becauseneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicalhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedinth