专四阅读详解 天生我材必有用.docx
《专四阅读详解 天生我材必有用.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《专四阅读详解 天生我材必有用.docx(20页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
专四阅读详解天生我材必有用
星期2Tuesday
Allthingsintheirbeingaregoodforsomething.天生我才必有用。
学习内容
题材
词数
建议时间
错误统计
做题备忘
TextA
行为研究类
394
5.5分钟
/5
TextB
社会工作类
413
6.5分钟
/5
TextC
经济现象类
446
6分钟
/5
TextD
日常生活类
454
7分钟
/5
今日练习
TextA
Thirty-twopeoplewatchedKittyGenovesebeingkilledrightbeneaththeirwindows.Shewastheirneighbor.Yetnoneofthe32helpedher.Notoneevencalledthepolice.Wasthisingunmancruelty?
Wasitlackoffeelingaboutone’sfellowman?
“Notso,”sayscientistsJohnBarleyandBibFatane.Thesemenwentbeyondtheheadlinestoprobethereasonswhypeopledidn’tact.Theyfoundthatapersonhastogothroughtwostepsbeforehecanhelp.Firsthehastonoticethatisanemergency.
Supposeyouseeamiddle-agedmanfalltothesidewalk.Ishehavingaheartattack?
Isheinacomafromdiabetes?
Orisheabouttosleepoffadrunk?
Isthesmokecomingintotheroomfromaleakintheairconditioning?
Isit“steampipes”?
Orisitreallysmokefromafire?
It’snotalwayseasytotellifyouarefacedwitharealemergency.
Second,andmoreimportant,thepersonfacedwithanemergencymustfeelpersonallyresponsible.Hemustfeelthathemusthelp,orthepersonwon’tgetthehelpheneeds.
Theresearchersfoundthatalotdependsonhowmanypeoplearearound.Theyhadcollegestudentsintobe“tested.”Somecamealone.Somecamewithoneortwoothers.Andsomecameinlargegroups.Thereceptioniststartedthemoffonthe“tests”.Thenshewentintothenextroom.Acurtaindividedthe“testingroom”andtheroomintowhichshewent.Soonthestudentsheardascream,thenoiseoffilecabinetsfallingandacryforhelp.Allofthishadbeenpre-recordedonatape-recorder.
Eightoutoftenofthestudentstakingthetestaloneactedtohelp.Ofthestudentsinpairs,onlytwooutoftenhelped.Ofthestudentsingroups,nonehelped.
Inotherwords,inagroup,Americansoftenfailtoact.Theyfeelthatotherswillact.They,themselves,needn’t.Theydonotfeelanydirectresponsibility.Arepeoplebotheredbysituationswherepeopleareintrouble?
Yes.Scientistsfoundthatthepeoplewereemotional,theysweated,andtheyhadtremblinghands.Theyfelttheotherperson’strouble.Buttheydidnotact.Theywereinagroup.Theiractionswereshapedbytheactionsofthosetheywerewith.
1.KittyGenoveseiscitedasanexampleto
[A]showthatthegunmanissocruel.
[B]illustratethatpeoplelacksympathy.
[C]statehowpeoplefeelinemergencies.
[D]explainwhypeoplefailtoactinemergencies.
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
[A]Apersonwithaheartattackhasthemostneedofhelp.
[B]Whenapersontriestohelpothers,hemustbeclearthatthereisarealemergency.
[C]Whenapersontriestohelpothers,heshouldknowwhethertheyareworthhishelp.
[D]Apersonmusttakeresponsibilityforthesafetyofthoseinemergenciesifhewantstohelp.
3.Theresearchers’experimentsuggestthatpeoplearemorelikelytoactinemergencieswhen
[A]theyareinpairs.[B]theyareingroups.
[C]theyarealone.[D]theyarewiththeirfriend.
4.Whydopeoplefailtoactwhentheystaytogether?
[A]Theyareafraidofemergencies.
[B]Otherswillactiftheythemselveshesitate.
[C]Theyarenotpreparedtogetthemselvesinvolved.
[D]Theydonotfeeltheyhaveanydirectresponsibility.
5.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat
[A]apersonmustfeelguiltyifhefailstohelp.
[B]weshouldn’tblameapersonifhefailstoactinemergencies.
[C]peopleshouldberesponsibleforthemselvesinemergencies.
[D]whenweareintrouble,peoplewillhelpusanyway.
TextB
Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowanunwillinggeneralagreementthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.
Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?
Shouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysofself-respectingpeopletowork?
Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployment?
Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?
Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadiscouragingthought.But,infact,itcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.
Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shome.Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peopletraveledlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived.
Meanwhile,employmentputwomanatadisadvantage.Itbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered.Asemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoleadactivelives.
Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheimpracticalgoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejob.
6.Wecanseefromrecentopinionpollsthat
[A]availableemploymentshouldberestrictedtoasmallpercentageofthepopulation.
[B]newjobsmustbecreatedinordertorectifyhighunemploymentfigures.
[C]jobsavailablemustbedistributedamongmorepeople.
[D]thepresenthighunemploymentfiguresareafactoflife.
7.Whichistheauthor’ssuggestionaboutthefutureemployment?
[A]Weshouldbepreparedtoadmitthatbeingemployedisnottheonlykindofwork.
[B]Weshouldcreatemorefactoriesinordertoincreaseourproductivity.
[C]Smallerprivateenterprisesshouldbesetupsothatweinturncanemployothers.
[D]Thehouseholdandtheneighborhoodshouldbesubstitutedasonlyworkcenters.
8.Whathappenedduringtheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturies?
[A]Peoplewereforcedtoliveinthefactoriesratherthanonthefarm.
[B]Peoplewereforcedtolookelsewhereformeansofsupportingthemselves.
[C]Peoplewerenotadequatelycompensatedforthelossoftheirland.
[D]People’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesbecauseoffactorysystems.
9.WhichstatementisNOTtrueabouttheconditionsofindustrialageaccordingtotheauthor?
[A]Mostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobsintheindustrialage.
[B]Youngandoldpeopleareunwantedcomponentsofsociety.
[C]Thearrivalofindustrialagechangedpatternsofworkfundamentally.
[D]Theworkstatusofthosewhoarenotinpaidemploymentisdisadvantageous.
10.Inthelastparagraphtheauthorrecommendsthat
[A]theindustrialageshouldcometoanend.
[B]employmentshouldbetreatedasanurgenttask.
[C]weshouldcreatejobsforallthepeople.
[D]weshouldmakesomeeffortstohelpmorepeoplecopewithunemploymentproblems.
TextC
Theterm“mass-production”conjuresupvisionsofsomeenormousfactory,withinnumerableconveyorbelts,eachattendedbyanarmyofant-likeworkers.Weseevariouspartsbeingfedtothosebeltsandhastilyfittedtogetherbybreathlessoperators.Thearticlegrowsinsizeandcomplexity.Finally,itrollsoffthebeltacompletelyfinishedobject.ThisisthesortofthingthatwassoeffectivelysatirizedbyCharlieChaplininhisfilmModernTimes.It’strue,indeed,thatmass-productioncanonlytakeplaceinlargefactories.Itdividesupintosmallstagesallthevariousoperationsthatacompleteobjectrequires.Conveyorbeltsarenecessaryandoperatorsmustworktoastricttimetable.But,ifthewholeprocessisdesignedandtimedcarefullyandgoodmaterialsareused,thefinishedobjectcancertainlybeadequateandreliable.Itmayevenberareandexquisite.
Theadvantagesofmass-productionarethusobvious.Itcanproducearticlesinenormousquantities.Inthesedaysoflargepopulationsandrisingstandardsofliving,thisinitselfisafarfromcontemptibleachievement.Byproducingarticlesinlargenumbers,bothcostandtimearegreatlyreduced.Onehand-madearticlemaycostfiftydollarsandrequireaman’slaborfortenhours.Athousandsimilararticles,mass-produced,maybesoldatfivedollarseach.Theymaybemadefromstarttofinishanhoureachandmayrequirethelaboroffiftymenforaminuteeach.
Ontheotherhand,thereareinescapabledisadvantages.Thoughamass-producedarticlemaybequitegoodandmayevenhaveacertainaestheticvalue,it’sunlikelytoreachthehighestlevelsofcraftsmanshipandofbeauty.Allarticlessoproducedwillbeidentical;therewillbestandardization.Therewillalsobealackofvarietyandindividuality.Inshort,aworldfullofmass-producedarticleswouldbeverymonotonous.There’snodesiretokeeporcherishsucharticles.
Perhapsthegreatestdisadvantageofmass-productionisitseffectuponthe