三 名词属格代词与某些限定词.docx
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三名词属格代词与某些限定词
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(三)名词(属格)、代词与某些限定词
考点归纳(部分代词、名词的内容将出现在“主谓一致”章节)
1.名词的复数形式:
passer(s)-bygrown-up(s),etc.
特别注意某些单复数同形的名词,如means,works,series
2.某些名词多以-s形式存在,某些名词-s形式与无-s形式有所区别,如:
instruction/instructions,custom/customs,damage/damages,supply/supplies,experience/experiences,word/words,surrounding/surroundings,hair/hairs,etc.physics,means,theBarber’s,etc.
3.集体名词多数不可数,但诸如team,committee,family等词单数时将集体视为整体,而复数时则指构成集体的一个个成员;物质名词多不可数,作为可数名词时意义不同,如water(s)可数时指大面积的水域;抽象名词多数不可数,但某些抽象名词如victory,conference等可数;另一些抽象名词可以复数形式出现,但不能计数,如difficulty/difficulties,opinion,opinions;某些抽象名词有复数与非复数两种形式,但表示不同含义,如experience表“经验”时没有复数,表“经历”时,两种形式均可
4.名词属格注意:
①复合名词或作为整体的名词词组的属格在最后一个词尾加-’s,如somebodyelse’sopinion;②并列名词表示各自的关系,在各个名词后加-’s,如Mary’sandBob’sbooks,若为MaryandBob’sbooks则指两人共有的书;③独立属格常用于表示某人的家、住宅、教堂、公司等,如theJohnsons’,St.Paul’s(Cathedral),thegrocer’s等;④双重属格结构中,介词补足成分必须是确定的人,如afriendofthedoctor’s,一般不说*afriendofadoctor’s以及*acoverofthebook’s,此类结构修饰名词的多为非确定特指的限定词如a,any,some而非定冠词,如一般不说*thesonofJack’s;⑤of-词组与双重属格一般可交替使用,但有时意义会有较大差别,试比较apictureofMr.Jackson’s(一张杰克逊先生画的或拥有的画作)/apictureofMr.Jackson(一张画杰克逊先生的画作)
5.名词化倾向(nominalstyle):
Ihaven’tseenhimsince
.(Herehisweddingdayisbetterthanhegotmarried.)
6.限定词一般可与单数名词、复数名词、不可数名词搭配,共分为以下七类情况:
①三者均可:
the,some,any,no,other,whose及物主限定词;②只能与单数名词:
a(n),one,another,each,every,either,neither,manya,sucha等;③只能与复数名词:
both,(a)few,anothertwo,several,these,those,anumberof等;④只能与不可数名词:
abitof,alargeamountof,agreatdealof,(a)little,much等;⑤能与单、复数名词:
thefirst,thelast,thenext等词,如thelastthreestudents;⑥能与单数、不可数名词:
this,that等;⑦能与复数、不可数名词:
alotof,lotsof,plentyof,more,enough,more,most,such,other等;特别注意限定词、代词的先后顺序问题(you,heandI)
7.区分某些词:
other(s)/theother(s):
带-s的词(指others/theothers)为代词,不带-s的可修饰名词;theother指的是一定范围内除去一部分后的全体,other指的是除去一部分的另一部分,但不是全体
all/both/none/neither:
all指三者或以上的全都;both指两者的全都;none指三者或以上的全都不;neither指两者的全都不;选择题中注意句子意思(but等转折词)、主谓一致及数量(两者、三者或以上)
other/another:
前者位于数字后(twootherbooks),后者位于数字前(anotherthreeweeks)
nothing/noone(nobody)/none:
nothing与noone(nobody)指无范围的否定;none指有范围否定
(a)few/(a)little:
带a表肯定,注意quiteafew,agoodfew,notafew表示相当多
8.分清物主代词与人称代词;反身代词是高考的一个要点,注意与之有关的词组及搭配,如dress,seat,buy,find,enjoy,behave,stretch,express,helponeself等;注意语篇中的人称一致问题
考前巩固
I.Completethesentencesbyusingaproperwordfromthelist.
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(A)
all
any
no
nobody
none
some
1.Wendycouldn’tfind_____butter,butshehad_____margarine(人造奶油).
2.–Ifoundthatevenmyteacherscouldnotanswerthisquestion.
–Ofcourse_____knowseverything.
3._____cigaretteiscompletelyharmless.
4.Annalikestokeepeverythingtoherself.Shetalksto_____aboutherproblems.
5._____oftheboyscouldforgetwhathadhappenedlastnight.
6.Idon’tdojust_____work:
Ichoosejobsthatinterestmeandthatpaywell.
(B)
other
theother
both
neither
either
7.Childrensatatoneendofthelongtableandtheirparentssatat_____.
8.Hugecrowdsofpeoplestoodon_____sideoftheriverwatchingtheboatrace.
9.Whenwevisitedthekindergarten,thekidswere_____singingordancingorbusyat_____activity.
10.MarieandJudyare_____dedicatedprimaryschoolteachers._____caneverbepersuadedtoleavethejob.
II.Choosethebestanswer.
1.MaryEllendoesn’thave_____gasinhercar.
A.someB.noC.lotsD.any
2._____yetknowshowlongandhowseriouslytheshakinessinthefinancialsystemwilldragdowntheeconomy.
A.NobodyB.AnybodyC.SomebodyD.Everybody
3.Somefleashaveoneortwoeyes,butothershave_____.
A.noneB.noC.anyD.noone
4.HehaslearnedEnglishandJapanese.Nowheisgoingtolearn_____language.
A.othersB.otherC.someD.another
5.Almost_____fruitsandvegetablescontainriboflavin(维生素B2);therichestsourcesareleafygreenvegetablessuchasspinach,kaleorturnipgreens.
A.everyB.someC.allD.none
6._____ofthetwinswasarrested,becauseIsawbothatapartylastnight.
A.NoneB.BothC.NeitherD.All
7.TomandDickhavearrived,but_____studentsintheclassaren’thereyet.
A.otherB.theothersC.othersD.theother
8.Tenyearshadelapsed,andIfoundshehad_____.
A.alittlegreyhairB.afewgreyhairC.somegreyhairD.afewgreyhairs
9.“DoyouwanttoseemyIDcardormydriver’slicense?
”“_____willdo.”
A.EveryB.EachC.EitherD.Both
10.Ifachildneedsmoretimeinthekindergartenthansomeotherchildren,heshouldbegiven_____.
A.itB./C.themD.him
11.–You’realwaysworking.Comeon,let’sgoshopping.
–_____youeverwanttodoisgoingshopping.
A.AnythingB.SomethingC.AllD.That
12.TheParkersboughtanewhousebut_____willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.
A.theyB.itC.oneD.which
13.Bothteamswereinhardtraining,_____waswillingtolosethegame.
A.eitherB.neitherC.anotherD.theother
14.
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Ifthisdictionaryisnotyours,_____canitbe?
A.whatelseB.whoelseC.whichelse’sD.whoelse’s
15.SomeofthewheatisfromCanada.Whatabout_____?
A.anotherB.theotherC.othersD.therest
16.–Whydon’twetakealittlebreak?
–Didn’twejusthave_____?
A.itB.thatC.oneD.this
17.Fewpleasurescanequal____ofacooldrinkonahotday.
A.someB.anyC.thatD.those
18.Dr.BlackcomesfromeitherOxfordorCambridge.Ican’tremember_____.
A.whereB.thereC.whichD.that
19.Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon’tagreewith_____.
A.everythingB.anythingC.somethingD.nothing
20.Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachgueststohave_____.
A.itB.thoseC.themD.one
21.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT?
A.Theyeachhavetwotickets.B.Theycosttwentyyuaneach.
C.Eachtheyhaveboughtthesamebook.D.Theyweregiventwomagazineseach,
22.Whenonehasgoodhealth,_____shouldfeelfortunate.
A.youB.theyC.heD.we
23.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT?
A.Allhislecturesareveryinteresting.B.Halftheirsavingsweregone.
C.Manyhisfriendscametotheparty.D.Bothhissistersarenurses.
24.Iknowhefailedhislasttest,butreallyhe’s_____stupid.
A.somethingbutB.anythingbutC.nothingbutD.notbut
25.Heis_____asaleaderbuthehasn’t_____inteaching.
A.success…manyexperiencesB.asuccess…muchexperience
C.greatsuccess…anexperienceD.agreatsuccess…alotofexperiences
26.Don’tleavematchesonthetablewithin_____oflittlechildren.
A.handB.reachC.spaceD.distance
27.TheteachergaveJohnoneofthebest_____hehadeverknown.
A.pieceofadviceB.piecesofadvicesC.pieceofadvicesD.piecesofadvice
28.Thebookisgivenby_____.
A.afriendofmysisterB.afriendofmysister’s
C.mysisterfriendD.mysisterfriend’s
29._____camethatourfootballteambeattheopponents.
A.ThewordB.AwordC.WordsD.Word
30.Itisnot_____totalkloudlyinpublicplaces.
A.agoodmannerB.goodmannerC.goodmannersD.thegoodmanner
31.Ihavebeento_____tohavemyhaircut.
A.barber’sB.thebarberC.barberD.thebarber’s
32.Shanghaiislargerthan_____cityinJiangsu.
A.anyB.anyotherC.otherD.one
33.Ifyouwanttochangeforasingleroomyou’llhavetopay_____£15.
A.anotherB.otherC.moreD.each
34.Whyisthere_____trafficonthestreetsinFebruarythaninMay?
A.lessB.fewerC.fewD.little
35.
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Themodelworkerhad_____thoughtofhisowninterests.
A.thelastB.lessC.theleastD.another
36.Theadditionalworkwilltake_____weeks.
A.theotherB.anotherfiveC.otherfiveD.themore
37.Isaw_____boysinthecinema.
A.thebothB.manyaC.boththeD.theseveral
38.Areyougoingtobuy_____rice?
A.alltheseB.theseallC.allthisD.boththese
39._____dictionaryisenoughforme.
A.SuchoneB.OnesuchC.SuchaoneD.Onesucha
40.Theyarenotlikelytoagreeto_____propositions.
A.otheranyB.otherallC.allotherD.otherthese
III.Correcterrors,ifany,inthefollowingsentences.
1.Mrs.Blakehashadfewopportunitytotravel.
2.BothsentencesarenotcorrectEnglish.
3.Hehasmuchmoreproblemsthanheusedto.
4.Therearewarehousesoneithersideoftheriver.
5.Thelibrarianhascataloguedeachbookinthefictionsection.
6.MorecornisproducedintheUnitedStatesthaninanycountryintheworld.
7.ShehasagreatmanyoffriendsinNewYork.
8.Someboyhasbrokenawindow.
9.Presumablytherearelessdiseasesinthefrigid(寒冷的)zonesthanthereareinthetorridzones.
10.Hecametoseemeoncethreemonths.
11.Linguisticsisascientificstudyofthelanguage.
12.Wouldyoulikeanymoresoup?
13.Ihadalittledifficultyinsolvingtheproblem.
14.Anythingonthetablecanbethrownaway,can’tthey?
15.Theycaughthischeatingontheexam.
16.Thefurnitureistheir’s,butthehouseisour’s.
17.I’veboughtseveralpaintingsofhim.(我从他那里买了几张画。
)
18.Ifonedoesn’twanttogetlostinthemountain,youmusthaveaguide.
19.Iwenttothedoctorforanadviceaboutmyhealth.
20.Thereweresomelooker-onsbytheroadside.
21.Itwasn’thiscarbutsomeoneelses’.
22.Thefriendofmyfather’scalledlastnight.
23.Thosenewshoesofyoulookverysmart.
24.Severalhundredguestsappearatthemeeting.
25.Theyeachhadtheirproblems.
模拟演练
1.–Wow!
You’vegotsomanyclothes.
–But____ofthemareinfashionnow.(09秋)
A.anotherB.otherC.moreD.each
2.Itissaidthattwoman-madestructuresareclearlyvisiblefromspace.OneistheGreatWallofChina,and____isJapan’sKansaiInternationalAirport.(10春)
A