四级阅读真题第一套卷答案.docx

四级阅读真题第一套卷答案.docx

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四级阅读真题第一套卷答案

2015年12月四级阅读真题第一套卷答案

新东方&新东方在线联合发布

Childrendonotthinkthewayadultsdo.Formostofthefirstyearoflife,if

somethingisoutofsight,it'soutofmind.Ifyoucoverababy's36toywithapiece

cloth,thebabythinksthetoyhasdisappearedandstopslookingforit.A4-year-oldmay

37thatasisterhasmorefruitajuicewhenitisonlytheshapeoftheglassesthatdiffer,

notthe38ofjuice.

Yetchildrenaresmartintheirownway.Likegoodlittlescientists,childrenare

alwaystestingtheirchild-sized39abouthowthingswork.Whenyourchildrenthrows

herspoononthefloorforthesixthtimeasyoutrytofeedher,andyousay.“T

enough!

Iwillnotpickupyourspoonagain!

”thechildwill40testyourclaim.Areyou

serous?

Areyouangry?

Whatwillhappenifshethrowsthespoonagain?

Sheisnotdoing

thistodriveyou41;rather,sheislearningthatherdesiresandyourscandiffer,andthatsometimesthose42areimportantandsometimestheyarenot.

Howandwhydoeschidren'sthinkingchange?

Inthe1920s.Swisspsychologist

JeanPiagetproposedthatchildren's认知ngniae（tiesunfold43,likethe

bloomingofaflower,almostindependentofwhatelseis44intheirlives.Although

manyofhisspecificconclusions

havebeen45ormodifiedovertheyears,hisideasinspiredthousandsofstudiesbyinvestigatorsallovertheworld.

A.advocate

B.amount

C.confirmed

D.crazy

E.definite

F.differences

G.favorite

H.happening

[immediately

J.naturally

K.obtaining

L.primarily

M.protest

N.rejected

O.theories

答案:

GMBOIQFJHN

ThePerfectEssay

ALookingbackontoomanyyearsofeducation,Icanidentifyonetruly

impossibleteacher.Shecaredaboutme,andmyintellectuallife,

evenwhenIdidn

't.Herexpectationswerehpglssiblyso.ShewasanEnglishteacher.Shewasalsomymother.

BWhengoodstudentsturninanessay,theydreamoftheirinstructor

returningittotheminexactlythesamecondition,saveforasinglewordaddedin

themarginofthefinalpage:

”Flawless.”Thisdreamcametrueformeoneafternoonin

theninthgrade.Ofcourse,Ihadheardthatgeniuscouldshowitselfatanearlyage,soI

wasonly

slightlytakenabackthatIhadachievedperfectionatthetenderageof14.Obviously,

Ididwhatanyprofessionalwriterwoulddo;I

CMymother,whoisjustshyoffivefeettall,isnormallyincredibly

soft-spoken,butontherareoccasionwhenshegotangry,shewasterrifying.Iamnotsureifshewasmoreupsetbymyhubrig得意忘形orbythefactthatmyEnglishteacherhadletmyegogetsooutofhand.Inanyevent,mymotherandherredpenshowedmehow

deeplyflawedaflawlessessaycouldbe.Atthetime,Iamsureshethoughtshewasteachingmeaboutmechanics,transition过渡,

structure,styleandvoice.ButwhatIlearned,andwhatstuckwithmethroughmytimeteachingwritingatHarvard,wasadeeperlessonaboutthenatureofcreativecriticism.

DFistoff,ithurts.Genuinecriticism,thetypethatleavesalastingmark

onyouasawriter,alsoleavesanexistentialimprin印记onyouasaperson.Ihaveheardpeoplesaythatawritershouldnevertake

criticismpersonally.Isaythatweshouldneverlistentothesepeople.

ECriticism,atitsbest,isdeeplypersonal,andgetstotheheartofwhywewritethewaywedo.Theintimatenatureofgenuinecriticismimpliessomethingaboutwhoisabletogiveit,namely,someonewhoknowsyouwellenoughtoshowyouhowyourmentallifeisgettinginthewayofgoodwriting.Conveniently,theyarealsothepeoplewhocare

enoughtoseeyouthroughthispainfulrealization.

Formeittooktheformofmyfirst,andIhopeonly,encounterwithwriterlock—'sI

Iwasnotabletoproduceanythingforthreeyears.

FFranzKafkaoncesaid:

”Writingisutterso独处de（hedescent

intothecoldabyss深渊ofoneself.“Mymother'scriticismhadshownmethat

Kafkaisrightaboutthecoldabyss,andwhenyoumaketheintrospectivep内省的decent

thatwritingrequiresyouareoutalwayspleasedbywhatyoufind.”But,intheyearstl

followed,hersustainedtutoringsuggestedthatKafkamightbe

wrongaboutthesolitude.Iwasluckyenoughtofindacriticand

teacherwhowaswillingtomakethejourneyofwritingwithme.“Itisathingofno

greatdifficulty,”accordingtoPlutarch,“toraiseobjectionsagainstanotherman

itisaveryeasymatter;

buttoproduceabetterinitsplaceisaworkextremely

troublesome.”IamsureIwroteessaysinthelateryearsofhigh

schoolwithoutmymother'sguidanee,butIcan'trecallthem.

WhatIremember,however,ishowwetookupthe“extremely

troublesome”workofongoingcriticism.

GTherearetwowaystointerpretPlutarchwhenhesuggeststhata

criticshouldbeabletoproduce“abetterinitsplace.”Ina

straightforwardsense,hecouldmeanthatacriticmustbemore

talentedthantheartistshecritiques评论.Mymotherwaswell

coveredonthiscount.ButperhapsPlutarchissuggestingsomethingslightly

different,somethingabitclosertoMarcusCicero'sclaimthatoneshould“criticiz

creation,notbyfindingfault.”

Genuinecriticismcreatesapreciousopeningforanauthorto

becomebetteronthisownterm—aprocessthatisoftenextremelypainful,butalsoalmostalwaysmeaningful.

HMymothersaidshewouldhelpmewithmywriting,butfistIhad

myself.Foreachassignment,IwaswritethebestessayIcould.Realcriticismisnotmeanttofindobviousmistakes,soifshefound

any—thetypeIcouldhavefoundonmyown—Ihadtostartfromscratch.Fromscratch.Oncetheessaywas“flawless,”shewouldtakeaneveningtowalkmethrough

myerrors.Thatwaswhentruecriticism,thetypethatchangedmeasaperson,began.

IShecriticizedmewhenIincludedlittle-knownreferencesand

professionaljargon行话.Shehadnopatienceforbrilliantbut

irrelevantfiguresofspeech.“Writers虚张声势ttbluff（

waythroughignorance.”Thatwasnewstowomldne—dtofindanotherway

tostructuremydailyexistence.

JShetrimmedbackmyfloweryIanguage,drewlinesthroughmyexclamationmarks

andarguedforthevalueofrestraintin

expression.“John,”shealmostwhispered.Ilearnedintohear

her:

”Ican'thearyouwhenyoushoutatme.”SoIstoppedshoutingandbluffing,andslowlymywritingimproved.

KSomewherealongthewayIsetasidemyhopesofwritingthatflawlessessay.ButperhapsImissedsomethingimportantinmy

mother'slessonsabouiativityandperfection.Perhapsthepointofwritingthe

flawlessessaywasnottogiveup,buttoneverwillinglyfinish.Whitmanrepeatedlyreworded“SongofMyself”between1855and1891.Repeatedly.Wedoourabsolutebestwiryapieceofwriting,andcomeascloseaswecantotheideal.And,forthetimebeing,wesettle.Incritique,however,weareforcedtodepart,togiveuptheperfectionwethoughtwehadachievedforthechaneeof

beingevenalittlebitbetter.ThisisthelessonItookfrommymother.

Ifperfectionwerepossible,itwouldnotbemotivating.

46.Theauthorwasadvisedagainsttheimproperuseoffiguresofspeech.

47.Theauthor'smothertaughthimavaluablelessonbypointingoutlotsofflawsinhisseeminglyperfectessay.

48.Awritershouldpolishhiswritingrepeatedlysoastogetclosertoperfection.

49.Writersmayexperienceperiodsoftimeintheirlifewhentheyjust

can'tproduceanything.

50.Theauthorwasnotmuchsurprisedwhenhisschoolteachermarkedhisessayas

“flawless”.

51.Criticizingsomeone'sspeechissaidtobeeasierthancomingupwithabetter

one.

52.Theauthorlooksuponhismotherashismostdemandingandcaringinstructor.

53.Thecriticismtheauthorreceivedfromhismotherchangedhimasaperson.

54.TheauthorgraduallyimprovedhiswritingbyavoidingfancyIanguage.

55.Constructivecriticismgivesanauthoragoodstarttoimprovehiswriting.

答案:

ICKEB,FAHJG

CouldyoureproduceSiliconValleyelsewhere,oristheresomethinguniqueaboutit?

Itwouldn'tbesurprisingifitwerehardtoreproduceinothercountries,becauseyou

couldn'treproduceitinmostoftheUSeither.WhatdoesittaketomakeaSiliconValley?

It'stherightpeople.Ifyoucouldgettherighttenthoid^ople

tomovefromSiliconValleytoBuffalo,BuffalowouldbecomeSiliconValley.

Youonlyneedtwokindsofpeopletocreateatechnologyhub中心:

richpeopleandnerds痴迷科研的人.

Observationbearsthisout.WithintheUS,townshavebecomestartuphubsifand

onlyiftheyhavebothrichpeopleandnerds.FewstartupshappeninMiami,forexample,becausealthoughit'sfullofrichpeople,ithasfewnerds.It'snotthekindofplace

like.

WhereasPittsburghastheoppositeproblem:

plentyofnerds,butnorichpeople.The

topUSComputerSciencedepartmentsaresaidtobeMIT,Stanford,Berkeley,and

Carnegie-Mellon.MITyieldedRoute128.StanfordandBerkeleyyieldedSiliconValley.

ButwhatdidCarnegie-MellonyieldinPittsburgh?

AndwhathappenedinIthaca,home

ofCornellUniversity,whichisalsohighonthelist.

IgrewupinPittsburghandwenttocollegeatCornell,soIcananswerforboth.The

weatheristerrible,particularlyinwinter,andthere'snointerestingoldcitytomakeu|

forit,asthereisinBoston.Richpeopledon'twanttoliveinPittsburghorIthaca.So

whilethereareplentyofhackers电脑迷whocouldstartstartups,there'snooneto

investinthem.

Doyoureallyneedtherichpeople?

Wouldn'titworktohavethe

governmentinvestthenerds?

No,itwouldnot.Startupinvestorsareadistincttypeofrichpeople.Theytendtohavealotofexperien