ITSWCCameraReadyMulticastpdf智能交通世界大会ITS智慧城市社区人工智能AI物联网IT报告课件教案.docx

ITSWCCameraReadyMulticastpdf智能交通世界大会ITS智慧城市社区人工智能AI物联网IT报告课件教案.docx

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ITSWCCameraReadyMulticastpdf智能交通世界大会ITS智慧城市社区人工智能AI物联网IT报告课件教案

ITSWC2015CameraReadyMulticast.pdf智能交通世界大会ITS智慧城市社区人工智能AI物联网IT报告课件教案

22ndITSWorldCongress,Bordeaux,France,59October2019PapernumberITS-2754ExtendedMobilityManagementandGeocastRoutingforInternet-to-VANETMulticastingInesBenJemaa1,2,OyunchimegShagdar4,2,PaulMuhlethaler2andArnauddeLaFortelle2,31.UVSQ-PrismLab.,France,45AvenuedesEtatsUnis2.Inria,RITSteam,DomainedeVoluceau,78150Rocquencourt,France3.MINESParisTech,Centreforrobotics,60BdStMichel75006Paris,France4.InstitutVeDeCoM,77,RuedesChantiers,78000,Versailles,FranceEmail:

{ines.ben_jemaa,oyunchimeg.shagdar,paul.muhlethaler,arnaud.de_la_fortelle}@inria.frAbstractEmergingITSapplications,suchaspointofinterestdistribution,requireinformationdeliveryfromtheInternettoagroupofvehicles.SuchanInternet-to-VANETmulticastserviceraisesseveralchallengesincludingefficientmulticastmobilitymanagementandmulticastmessagedeliveryinageographicarea（geocast）.InthispaperweproposetoextendthePMIP（ProxyMobileIP）mobilitymanagementschemesuchthatitallowsvehiclesinageographicareatosubscribetothemulticastgroupwithlowcontroloverheadbyexploitingvehicularadhocnetworking.WethenproposeMelody,ageocastroutingprotocol,whichextendsthemulticastservicecoverageintheVANETbasedonoverlayrouting.OursimulationresultsshowthatMelodyprovidesanimprovedcommunicationperformanceinurbanareasincomparisontogeographicflooding.Keywords:

MULTICAST,INTERNET,VANET,MOBILITYMANAGEMENT,GEOCAST1.IntroductionIntelligentTransportSystems（ITS）areexpectedtolargelyimproveroadsafety,efficiency,anddrivingcomfortandthereforeithasreceivedagreatattentioninboththeacademicsandindustry.AnimportantgoalofITSistoprovidemobileusers（e.g.,drivers）withtheexistingInternet-basedservices（e.g.,WEBsurfing）aswellasnewtypesofservicesdedicatedtothevehicularenvironments.AsignificantnumberoftheseITSapplicationsrequiremulticastcommunications.Particularly,inadditiontothetraditionalapplicationssuchasvideoconferencingorgaming,vehicularcommunicationsenablenewemergingmulticastapplicationssuchasPointOfInterest（POI）22ndITSWorldCongress,Bordeaux,France,59October2019distribution.POIdistributionreferstoinformingdriversandpassengersaboutspecificlocationpoints（e.g.,parkinglots,restaurants,andsoon）,whichcanbeinterestingorusefulforthenearbyroadusers.ThisapplicationrequiresmulticastmessagedeliveryfromacentreintheInternettoasetofuserswhoarelocatedinaspecificgeographicarea.Enablingsuchanapplicationisfraughtwithchallenges,duetothehybridcommunicationspath（fromtheInternettothewirelessmediaandfinallytoageographicdestinationarea）andalsothehighlymobilenatureofthedestinationnodes.TosupportmulticastservicesintheInternet,asetoffunctionsarerequiredincludingmulticastaddressing[3],membershipmanagement[4],andmulticastrouting[5],[6].However,thedynamicsofvehicularenvironmentandtherequirementsofgeographicdisseminationmakeitdifficulttodirectlyextrapolatetheseprotocolstoVANETs.Inparticular,geographicmulticastingtoVANETmobileusers（i.e.,driversandoccupants）requiresadditionalchallengesincluding:

（i）geographicmulticastaddressing,（ii）multicastmobilitymanagement,and（ii）geographicmessagedisseminationinthewirelessnetwork.Regardinggeographicmulticastaddressing,weproposedasolutionin[13]thatisadaptedtothecontextofvehicularnetworks.Thesecondandthethirdchallengesarethescopeofthiscurrentwork.Theobjectiveofmobilitymanagementistolocatemobileusersandprovidethemdatainaseamlessmanner.TwomobilitymanagementprotocolshavebeenstandardizedbyIETF:

（i）theMobileIPv6（MIPv6forIPv6）[7],whichisahost-basedmobilitymanagement,and（ii）theproxymobileIPversion6（PMIPv6）[8],whichisanetwork-basedmobilitymanagementsolution.ThekeyideaofMIPv6reliesonafixedentityinthehomenetworkofMobileNode’s（MN）,theso-calledHomeAgent（HA）,whichlocatestheMNandbuildsabidirectionaltunneltotransferdatapacketsdestinedtotheMN.TheweaknessesofMIPv6includelonglatency,highsignalingoverheadandlocationprivacyproblems[9].Toovercometheseissues,PMIPisdesigned.InPMIP,thevisitingnetworklocalizestheMN,communicateswiththehomeentity,andbuildsatunnelfordatatransfer.Althoughtheexistingmulticastmobilitymanagementsolutionscanprovidemulticastdatatomobilenodes（MNs）,anissueofthesesolutionsisthattheyaresomehowbasedontheassumptionthatusersusuallystayintheirhomenetwork（fixednetwork）andhencetheyaredesignedtoprovidemobilitymanagementtoonlyoneorfewusers.Therefore,adirectapplicationofthesesolutionstovehicularserviceswouldcreatelargecontroloverheadduetoaper-usermembershipmanagementandinefficientbandwidthutilizationduetotheunicasttransmissionsoverthetunnels.Suchcontroloverheadandinefficientbandwidthusageshouldbeavoidedandwebelievethatitispossibleespeciallyforthecaseswherethemobilemembersareinthesamegeographicalarea.Indeedthisisthecasefortheabove-mentionedPOIservice.Inthispaper,weproposetoextendPMIPv6insuchawaythatmobilitymanagementtomultiplevehiclescanbeprovidedwithlowcostandlowcomplexity.Specifically,weproposetousePMIPv6formobilitymanagementtoasingleuser,whichfurtherprovidesmobilitymanagementtoamultipleusersbyexploitingvehicularadhocnetworking.ExtendingPMIPv6forVANETshasanotherbenefitincontrasttotheconventionalPMIPv6.Indeed,themobileusers,whichdonothaveInternetconnection（becausetheyarenotinthecoverageofaccessnetworks,and/ortheyarenotequipped22ndITSWorldCongress,Bordeaux,France,59October2019with3G/4Gdevices）,cannowreceivemulticastserviceovertheInternet-to-VANETcommunication.Anumberofeffortstowardsenablinggeocastinginad-hocnetworkshavebeenpreviouslymade.ExamplesareLBM[10]andGeoGrid[11]protocols,whichrelyonfloodingtechniquestodisseminateamessagetoagivenarea.However,ifvehiclesareinthecloseproximityofeachother,theprotocolsmayleadtoamassivepacketredundancyonthenetwork,whichincreasestheoverheadandbandwidthconsumption.Opportunisticroutinghasbeenproposedtoimprovepacketdeliveryandreducetheoverheadinthenetwork.Opportunisticroutingsuchas[12]exploitsthebroadcastnatureofwirelesstransmissions.Itallowscandidatenodesthatoverhearthepacketandareclosetothedestinationtoparticipateinforwardingthepacketandthusreducethenumberofretransmissions.However,inmulticastservices,wherethemessagehastobedeliveredtothemembers,opportunisticroutingusingbroadcastingtechniquesmaynotguaranteethepacketdeliveryduetothelackofanacknowledgementsystem.Inthispaper,weintroduceMelody,ageocastroutingprotocolthatusesavariantofopportunisticroutingtechniquetotransmitmulticastpacketsoveranoverlaypathtoageographicarea.Therestofthispaperisorganizedasfollows:

Section2detailsourproposalforInternet-to-VANETmulticasting.Morespecifically,weexplainthescenarioandpresenttheVANETmulticastgroupmanagementscheme.InSection3,wepresentthedisseminationprocesstodeliverinformationfromtheInternettothegroupofmulticastmemberslocatedinanurbandestinationarea.InSection4weassessourproposalbycomputersimulationsfordifferenturbanscenarios.Finally,Section5concludesthepaper.2.Internet-to-VANETMulticastingInthissection,wefirstpresentthescenariosofInternet-to-VANETmulticastcommunicationrequiredbythePOIapplication.WethenintroducetheenhancedmobilitymanagementschemeforPMIPv6architecture.2.1.PreliminariesandscenariodescriptionThescopeofthisworkismulticastmessagedeliveryfromaserverresidingintheInternettoanurbanarea.Themessagemayincludeinformationaboutroadstatus（congestedornot）,anadvertisementofanewrestaurantorparkingfacilitiesinaspecificarea.ThemessagesarefirstsenttoRoadSideUnits（RSU）,whicharedeployedonacityscaletoservesmallurbanzones.Thesource（server）sendsthemessagetoamulticastaddressthatidentifiesthemulticastservice.Italsospecifiesthedestinationareainthepacket.Itshouldbenotedherethatthedestinationareaistransparenttotheentities,whichforwardthemulticastmessageintheInternet.TheroleofthoseentitiesistoforwardthemessagetothemulticastaddressfollowingtheInternetpath,e.g.,atreepathbuiltbythePIMprotocol[6].22ndITSWorldCongress,Bordeaux,France,59October2019Figure1-InternettoVANETGeocastscenarioThescenarioisdepictedinFigure1.WhenanRSUreceivestheinformationsentfromtheserver,ithastoforwardittotheinterestedvehicles,whichresideinageographicareaspecifiedinthedatapacket.Themulticastvehiclesusethemechanismasdetailedin[13]toauto-configureavalidaddressusingtheserviceidentifierandthegeographicattributesofthearea.IfthedestinationareaisnotdirectlyreachablefromtheRSU,thedatahastoberelayedinthevehicularnetworkfromtheRSUuntilthegeographicarea,whereitisdisseminatedtothemulticastmembers.2.2.ExtendedmulticastmobilitymanagementforthePMIPv6architectureThemembershipmanagementanddatatransmissioninPMIPv6multicastmobilitymanagementschemesareillustratedinFigure2.TheMobileAccessGateways（MAGs