河南省义马市高级中学学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题 Word版含答案.docx
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河南省义马市高级中学学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题Word版含答案
义马市高级中学2017-2018学年下期期中试卷
高一英语
第一部分:
阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节:
(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
A
Fortyyearsago,Finlandwasasmallcountrywithmediocre(普通)publicschools.Today,FinlandisstillsmallbutnoonecallsFinland’spublicschoolsmediocreanymore.
In2000,theFinnssurprisedtheworldwhentheir15-year-oldsscoredatthetopofacloselywatchedinternationalexamcalledthePISA.Finlandhasstayednearthetopeversince,whiletheU.S.scoresaroundthemiddle.
PasiSahlberg,anofficialwithFinland’sMinistryofEducationandCulture,isinSeattlethisweektosharethestoryofFinland’ssuccess,andwhatstateslikeWashingtoncanlearnfromit.
Sahlberg’smessage,althoughheistoopolitetoputitsobluntly(坦率):
Stoptestingsomuch,trustteachersmore;givelesshomework;shortentheschoolday.
OnTuesday,inaroomfilledwithteachers,principals,professors,school-boardmembersandpolicymakers,SahlbergjokedabouttheFinns’reputation(名声)forbeingaquiet,humblepeople.“WhenFinlandhitthetopofthePISA,”hesaid,“thebiggestdisbelieverswereFinns.”
Moreseriously,Finlandneversetouttocreatetheworld’stopschoolsystem.Instead,hesaid,thecountrydecidedinthe1970sthatitwantedtoensurethatastudent’ssuccessdidn’tdependonfamilybackground.
“Finlandreliedoncooperationamongteachersandschools,ratherthanoncompetition.Ratherthanjudgingteachersandschoolsbasedontestscores,”hesaid,“Finlandputstrustinitsteachersandprincipals.TeachersdevelopthecurriculuminFinland,anddesigntheirowntests.Therearenonationaltests,exceptoneattheendofhighschool.”
That’sjustthestart.Alongwithashorterschoolday,Finnishstudentsdon’tevenstartschooluntiltheyare7yearsold.Manyprimaryschoolshaveapolicyagainstgivinghomework.
“ButFinland,”hesaid,“succeededinpartbyadoptingideasfromtheU.S.andothercountries.Andthosecountries,”hesaid,“canlearnfromFinland,too.”
1.Whatmightbetheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?
A.TointroduceaFinnishofficial.
B.TocomparetheeducationsystemsofFinlandandtheUS.
C.TosharethestoryofFinland’ssuccessineducation.
D.ToasktheUStoimproveitseducation.
2.PeoplefirstlearnedFinland’ssuccessineducationfrom_____.
A.itsstudents’performanceinaninternationalexam.
B.itsinternationalexchangeprograms.
C.lecturesgivenbyPasiSahlberg.
D.itssmall-sizedpublicschools.
3.WhichofthefollowingcancontributetoFinland’ssuccessineducation?
a.Givingstudentsfewertests.
b.Givingteachersmoretrust.
c.Evaluatingstudents’familybackgrounds.
d.Creatingtheworld’stopschoolsystem.
e.Startingschoollate.
A.a,b,cB.c,d,eC.a,b,eD.b,c,d
4.WhatPasiSahlergsaidinParagraph7suggestedthat______.
A.childrenshouldstartschoolasearlyaspossible.
B.competitionamongteachersmightbeharmfultoeducation.
C.theUSeducationsystemisstillthemostadvanced.
D.it’snecessarytosetupanationalcurriculum.
B
Whenitcomestofriends,Idesirethosewhowillsharemyhappiness,whopossesswingsoftheirownandwhowillflywithme.Iseekfriendswhosequalitiesilluminate(照亮)meandtrainmeupforlove.ItisforthesepeoplethatIreservetheglowinghours,toogoodnottoshare.
WhenIwasintheeighthgrade,Ihadafriend.Wewereshyand“tooserious”aboutourstudieswhenitwasbecomingfashionablewithourclassmatestolearnacceptablesocialbehaviors.Wesaidlittleatschool,butshewouldcometomyhouseandwewouldsitdownwithpencilsandpaper,andoneofuswouldsay:
“Let’sstartwithatrainwhistletoday.”Wewouldsitquietlytogetherandwriteseparatepoemsorstoriesthatgrewoutofatrainwhistle.Thenwewouldreadthemaloud.Attheendofthatschoolyear,we,too,werechangingintosocialcreaturesandthestoriesandpoemsstopped.
WhenIlivedforatimeinLondon,Ihadafriend,HewasindespairandIwasindespair.Butourfriendshipwasbasedontheideaineachofusthatwewouldbesorrylaterifwedidnotexplorethisgreatcitybecausewehadfeltbadatthetime.WemeteverySundayforfiveweeksandfoundmanyexcellentthings.Wewalkeduntilourdespairsdisappearedandthenweparted. WegaveLondontoeachother.
ForalmostfouryearsIhavehadremarkablefriendwhoseimaginationilluminatesmine.Wewritelonglettersinwhichweoftendiscoverourstrangestselves.Eachofusappears,sometimesinafunnyway,intheother’sdreams.SheandIagreethat,atcertaintimes,weseemtobepartsofthesamemind.Inmymostinterestingmoments,Ioftenthink:
“Yes,Imusttell….”Wehavenevermet.
ItissuchcomfortingcompanionsIwishtokeep.Onebrighthourwiththeirkindisworthmoretomethanthelifetimeservicesofapsychologist(心理学家),whowillonlyfillupthehealing(愈合的)silencenecessarytothosedarkestmomentsinwhichIwouldratherbemyownbestfriend.
5.Intheeighthgrade,whattheauthordidbeforedevelopingpropersocialbehaviorwasto_____.
A.becomeseriousaboutherstudyB.gotoherfriend’shouseregularly
C.learnfromherclassmatesatschoolD.sharepoemsandstorieswithherfriend
6.InParagraph3,“WegaveLondontoeachother”probablymeans______.
A.ourexplorationofLondonwasamemorablegifttobothofus
B.wewereunwillingtotearourselvesawayfromLondon
C.ourunpleasantfeelingaboutLondondisappeared
D.wepartedwitheachotherinLondon
7.AccordingtoParagraph4,theauthorandherfriend_______.
A.calleachotherregularlyB.havesimilarpersonalities
C.enjoywritingtoeachotherD.dreamofmeetingeachother
8.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.UnforgettableExperiencesB.RemarkableImagination
C.LifelongFriendshipD.NobleCompanions
C
Afoodadditive(添加剂)isanysubstancethatisaddedtofood.Manypeopleareputoffbytheideaof“chemicalsinfood.”Thetruthisthatallfoodismadeupofchemicals.Naturalsubstanceslikemilk,aswellasman-madeoneslikedrinksonsaleinthemarket,canbedescribedbychemicalformulas.Somechemicalsubstancesareindeedharmful,butapersonwhorefusedtoconsumeanychemicalswouldfindnothingtoeat.
Thethingsweeatcanbedividedintonaturalandman-madesubstances.Somepeoplefeelthatonlynaturalfoodsarehealthyandthatallman-madeingredientsaretobeavoided.Butmanynaturalchemicals,foundinplantsandanimals,areharmfulwheneaten,andsomelaboratory-madesubstancesincreasethenutritionalvalueoffood.Otherchemicalshavenaturalandman-madeformsthatareexactlyalike:
vitaminCisvitaminC,whetheritcomesfromatesttubeorfromanorange.Like“chemical”,“man-made”doesn’tnecessarilymean“notfittoeat”.
Foodadditivesareusedformanyreasons.Weaddsugarandsaltandotherthingstofoodsweprepareathometomakethemtastebetter.Foodproducershavedevelopedarangeofadditivesthatstabilize(使稳定),thicken,harden,keepwet,keepfirm,orimprovetheappearanceoftheirproducts.Additivescanmakefoodmoreconvenientornutritious,giveitalongershelflife,andmakeitmoreattractivetotheconsumer,thusincreasingthesalesandprofitsoftheproducers.
Foodadditivesarepresentlythecentreofastormofseriousargument.Foodproducershavebeenknowntouseadditivesthathavenotbeenprovedsafe;somesubstancesincommonusehavebeenprovedunsafeandhavebeentakenoffthemarket.Manypeoplefeelthere’sariskofeatingfoodtowhichanythinghasbeenadded.ButfoodadditivesarenowregulatedbytheFDAofthefederalgovernment,andnewadditiveswillgothroughstricttestingbeforetheycanbeplacedonthemarket.Formostpeople,thechancesofdevelopingserioussideeffects(副作用)fromthelong-termuseofpresentlyapproved(批准)foodadditivesareverysmall.
9.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat.
A.naturalfoodsaremuchsaferthanman-madeones
B.itisrighttorefusechemicalsinfood
C.foodadditivesareharmfultoourhealth
D.allfoodshavechemicalsubstances
10.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.Foodadditivescanimprovethequalityoffoodsinmanyways.
B.Toensurefoodsafety,theFDAwillstopfoodadditives.
C.Foodsfreeofadditivescankeepamuchlongershelflife.
D.Foodswithmoreadditiveshavehighernutritionalvalue.
11.WecaninferfromtheregulationtothefoodadditivesbytheFDAthat.
A.newadditiveswillbeapprovedmoreeasilythanbefore
B.foodwithcommon-usedadditiveswillbetakenoffthemarket
C.foodadditiveswillbeusedinasaferandmorescientificway
D.foodproducerswon’tbeallowedtousenewfoodadditives
12.Accordingtothewriter,thefoodadditiveis.
A.worryingB.acceptableC.poisonousD.avoidable
D
Everyoneagreesthatit’snecessarytoreducecarbonemissions(排放物)aroundtheworld.Thereislessagreementoverexactlyhownationsshouldgoaboutachievingamorecarbon-freeplanet.Thus,theenvironmentalequivalent:
cap–and–tradecarbonemissions,orplaceacarbontaxonallusers?
Withcap-and-tradeprograms,governmentslimitthelevelofcarbonproducedbyanindustry.Companiesthatholdtheiremissionsbelowthecapcanselltheirremainingallowanceonacarbonmarket,whilecompaniesthatgobeyondtheirlimitmustpurchasecreditsonthatmarket.Carbontaxesaremorestraightforward:
asettaxrateisplacedontheconsumptionofcarbonwiththeideathatraisingthepricewillencourageindustriesandindividualstoconsumeless.Atthemoment,cap-and-tradehastheupperhand,butdoesn’tdefeatthetaxjustyet.
Supportersofthetaxarguethatacap–and–tradesystemwouldb