荷兰代夫特科技大学.docx

荷兰代夫特科技大学.docx

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荷兰代夫特科技大学

荷兰代夫特科技大学

POWERCONVERSION

ElectricPowerProcessing（EWI）;prof.Ferreira

EMCinpowerelectronicconverters

Researcher

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SupervisioninChina

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SupervisioninTheNetherlands

Prof.dr.J.A.Ferreira

Shortdescription

Chinadoesmostofthepowerelectronicsproductionintheworld.Adifficultprobleminthedesignofpowerelectronicconvertersiselectromagneticcompatibility（EMC）.Theswitchmodeoperationofpowertransistorsisknowntobeamajorsourceelectromagneticinterference.Therequirementsofelectromagneticcompatibility（EMC）in,forexampletheautomotiveindustry,isbecomingmoreandmorestringent,toavoidinterferencewithsensitiveelectronicdevices.

TraditionalEMCremediesusingheavypassivecomponentsorshieldingaddtothecostandiscounterproductivetotheminiaturizationofpowersupplies.TheprojectisaboutfindingbettersolutionsanddesignmethodstoreduceEMIandtodevelopbasedontheexpertiseandknowledgeoftheTUDelftontheapplicationofnewtechnologiesandsystemintegration.

Title

NewGenerationWindTurbineGenerators

Researcher

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SupervisioninChina

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SupervisioninTheNetherlands

Prof.dr.J.A.Ferreira

Shortdescription

Accompaniedwiththefasteconomicgrowth,Chinafacescontinuousgrowthofelectricpowerdemand.ItisestimatedthattheelectricpowerdemandofChinawillincreaseabout260%from2000to2030.Renewableenergysourcecanhelptoavoidfutureenergycrisis,limitpollutionandprotecttheenvironment.ThecontinuouseconomicgrowthofChinadependsontheutilizationofsustainableenergysource.Amongallthesustainableenergysources,windpoweristhemostmatureandeconomicefficienttechnology.Chinahaslargeamountofwindpowerpotential,whichisestimatedbetween160GWand250GW.Accordingtothe"Eleventh-five"nationaldevelopmentplanmadebyChinagovernment,thewindenergyinstallationcapacityinChinaisshouldgrowtobe5000MWuntil2010year.

TUDelftcoversthefullresearchfieldsofwindenergy,frombladedesigntowindpowerintegration.TheChinesecompanyGoldwindhasapproachedtheTUDelfttocollaborateinwindenergy.

Thisprojectisaboutthepowerelectronicconverterandelectromechanicalgeneratordesignofthenextgenerationofwindturbines.TheElectricalPowerProcessinggroupofTUDelftisdoingresearchona10MWdirectlydrivenwindturbine,andtheresearchprojectofthePhDwillbepartofthisactivity.

WINDENERGY/

ELECTRICITYDISTRIBUTION

Title

Integrationoflargescalewindfarmsinthegrid

Researcher

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SupervisioninChina

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SupervisioninTheNetherlands

Prof.ir.W.Kling

Shortdescription

Accompaniedwiththefasteconomicgrowth,Chinafacescontinuousgrowthofelectricpowerdemand.ItisestimatedthattheelectricpowerdemandofChinawillincreaseabout260%from2000to2030.Renewableenergysourcecanhelptoavoidfutureenergycrisis,limitpollutionandprotecttheenvironment.ThecontinuouseconomicgrowthofChinadependsontheutilizationofsustainableenergysource.Amongallthesustainableenergysources,windpoweristhemostmatureandeconomicefficienttechnology.Chinahaslargeamountofwindpowerpotential,whichisestimatedbetween160GWand250GW.Accordingtothe"Eleventh-five"nationaldevelopmentplanmadebyChinagovernment,thewindenergyinstallationcapacityinChinaisshouldgrowtobe5000MWuntil2010year.

TUDelftcoversthefullresearchfieldsofwindenergy,frombladedesigntowindpowerintegration.TheChinesecompanyGoldwindhasapproachedtheTUDelfttocollaborateinwindenergy.

TheHighVoltageComponentsandPowerSystemsgroupofTUDelfthasaresearchprogramontheintegrationofwindfarmsintheelectricalgrid.Thisprojectwillfocusonsmallsignalstabilityenproblemsrelatedtoreduceddampinginthegridwhenwindenergyisintegratedonalargescale.

FivePhDproposalsinWindEnergytopics

1.SystemIdentification（1PhD）

Thecurrenttrendinthewindenergyistospeedupthedevelopmentandinstallationtimeofwindturbines.Everywindturbineandtheconditionsthattheyarefacingaredifferentandevenchangingwithtime.Nowadays,controllersaredesignedandtunedusingaeroelasticsimulations,andsubsequentlyfinetunedduringtheprototypeand0-seriesphase.Thefinetuningon-siteisnecessaryduetodifferencesbetweenmodelsandreality,andinsomecasesduetosite-specificproblemsthatmayarise.

Inordertoautomatethetime-consumingtuningprocessclosedloopsystemidentificationcanbeapplied.Suchtechniquescanyieldaccuratelinearand/non-linearmodelsbasedonexperimentsperformedonarealwindturbine.Suchexperimentsmayaccountforsite-specificeffectsandevendegradationeffectsofthewindturbinewhentheyarerepeatedovertime.Withtheinformationobtainedfromthesystemidentificationsteptheexistingcontrollerscanbeupdatedinanautomatedprocedureandwecircumventthetime-consumingtuningofthefeedbackcontrollers.

Theprojectobjectivescanberealizedwhensuitabletoolsforexperimentalderivationofaccuratemodels（systemidentification）havebecomeavailable.Infourtasks,theunderlyingmethodsaredevelopedandimplementedinpreliminarytoolform.Task1providesthedatafromwhichthesystemidentificationneedscanbederived（benchmark）.Thisconcernstheturbineproperties,controlfunctionalityandequipment,andspecificbehavioralaspects.Task2focusesontheactualdevelopmentofthesystemidentificationmethodsfromtheneedsthatwillbederivedfromthebenchmarkdata.Itisforeseenthatdifferentclassesofmethodswillapply,dependingontherelatedidentificationgoal,whichmayconcernstructuraldynamics,sensoringandactuation,wake-bladeinteractionor（unsteady）aero-orhydrodynamics.InTask3,thecontrollerparameterizationwillbecoupledtosystemidentification.Threetypesofidentificationbasedcontrolwillbeaddressed,viz.（i）useofoffline（in-advance）identifiedmodelpropertiesduringcontroldesign,（ii）;on-linematchingthecontrolparameterstoslowvaryingturbinebehavior（adaptive）,and（iii）on-linefasttrackingofcontrolparameterstohighlynon-linearbehavior（LPV）.ThedevelopmentsinTasks2and3willbe（mainly）baseduponsimulationresultsfromthebenchmarkdataofTask1.ThedevelopedmethodswillbeverifiedandfinalizedinTask4,basedontrueexperimentaldata.Inaddition,thegainedknowledgewillbefedbackto（guidelinesfor）analyticmodelimprovement.

2.Rotoraerodynamics（2PhD’s）

WindTurbineWakes

Becauseoftheincreasingsizeofwindfarms,wakelosseshaveandwillbecomemoreimportantovertheyears.Buttodatewindfarmdesignandwakecontrol,aimedatminimisingwakeeffects,arehamperedbypoorstate-of-the-artknowledge:

duetothecomplexityoftheflow/structureinteractionsitishardtodevelopanalyticalornumericalmodels.Full-scaleexperimentsinthefirstgenerationoflargewindfarmshavelimitedvaluebecauseofpoormeteorologicalmeasurementsanduncertaintiesduetothestochasticnatureofwind.Inadditionthereare（legal）risksassociatedwithcontroladaptationsinrealwindturbines.Windtunnelexperimentswithmodelwindfarms,ontheotherhand,donothavethesedrawbacksbuthaveapoorrepresentationofthewakes.Astoexperiments,andthatiswhatisproposedhere,thebestofbothworldsistoperformexperimentsinasmall-scalewindfarm.Inparallelwindfarmdesignandwakecontrolmodellingwillbeimprovedupon.ThissmallscalewindfarmisoperatedbyECN,theDutchEnergyResearchFoundation.TheproposedprojectisinclosecooperationwithECN.ECNwillberesponsibleforthemeasurements,andforanalyzingandmodellingofthefarfieldofthewake.WithinDuwindmanyexperimentsinwindtunnelsonthenearwakepropertieshavebeendone.Thisexpertisewillbeusedtodevelopamodelfortheintermediatewake,whichlinksthenear-andfarwakeaerodynamicmodels.

Thenearwakemodelscompriseadetaileddescriptionoveradistanceoftypicallyhalfthediameterinthewake.Usingavortexrestructuringalgorithmtogetherwithavortexdecaymodel,bothvalidatedandverifiedwithearlierwindtunnelexperimentsinuniformandyawedflow.Thiswakemodelwillbeextendedtodistancesoftypically2to4diametersbehindtherotor,resultinginadetailedflowstructuredescriptionthatcandetakenasinputforAinslyandECNtypefarwakemodels.

RotorAerodynamics:

Theavailabilityofhighqualitymeasurementsisconsideredtobethemostimportantpre-requisitetoovercometheuncertaintiesinwindturbineaerodynamics.SuchmeasurementshaverecentlybecomeavailablewithintheEUprojectMexico.Inthisprojectalargedatabasehasbeencreatedofdetailedaerodynamicmeasurementsonarepresentativewindturbinemodel,whichwasplacedinthelargeDNWwindtunnel.ThisincludesthemeasurementofpressuredistributionsaroundthebladeandthemeasurementoftheflowfieldaroundtherotorusingPIV（ParticleImageVelocimetry）.Thedatabaseisstillinaratherrudimentaryformandonlylimitedanalyseshavebeencarriedout.Itisforeseenthatthedatawillserveasabenchmarkforaerodynamicanalysisfortheyearstocome.Mostwindenergyresearchinstitutionsprepareananalysisprogrammetotheanalyzethedata,andtovalidatetheaerodynamiccodesdevelopedattherespectiveinstitutes.Inthisproposedproject,Duwindwillcontributetothis（international）programme,focusingonthevorticalstructureoftherotor（boundvorticity）andnearwake（freevorticity）.Thetoolsforanalyzingthisrangefromblade-elementmomentummethods,vortexlatticemethodstoCFDmethods.