新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第一册Unit6教案.docx
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新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第一册Unit6教案
Unit6SectionA
Toworkornottowork—Thatisthequestion
1Therearenumerousandreliablewaysbywhichonecanmeasuretheimpactofemploymentonstudentachievement,andweusedseveralinourresearch.Wecomparedthegradesofstudentswhoworkagreatdealwiththosewhoworkinlimitedamountsornotatall.Wealsocontrastedworkerswithnon-workers,ondifferentindicatorsoftheircommitmenttoeducation.Additionally,wefollowedstudentsovertimeastheyincreasedordecreasedtheirworkhours,andweassessedhowdifferentpatternsofemploymentalteredschoolperformanceandengagement.
打工还是不打工——这是个问题
1要衡量工作经历对学生成就的影响有许多可靠的方法。
在我们的研究中，我们采用了几种方法。
我们比较了打很多工的学生和打工时间有限或者根本不打工的学生的学习成绩。
我们也对比了打工学生和不打工学生在学习投入程度方面的不同指征。
另外，我们长期跟踪学生，了解他们在打工时间增加或减少时的表现。
而且，我们还评估了不同的打工模式如何改变学习成绩和学习参与度。
1Toworkornottowork—Thatisthequestion（Title）
Meaning:
Shouldstudentsworkornotwork?
Thatisanimportantquestion,whichrequirescarefulconsideration.
Note:
ThetitleisareferencetoaquotefromWilliamShakespeare’sHamlet:
“Tobe,ornottobe,thatisthequestion.”ForHamletitwasalife-or-deathquestion.Heretheauthormeansthat“toworkornottowork”isalsoanimportantquestion.Foranotherexample:
Quantityorquality,thatisthequestion.是重数量还是重质量，这是个问题。
2Therearenumerousandreliablewaysbywhichonecanmeasuretheimpactofemploymentonstudentachievement,andweusedseveralinourresearch.（Para.1）
Meaning:
Therearemanyreliablemethodstostudyhowworkaffectsstudents’schoolperformance,andweusedafewofthemethodsinourresearch.
3Wealsocontrastedworkerswithnon-workers,ondifferentindicatorsoftheircommitmenttoeducation.（Para.1）
Meaning:
Wealsocomparedthedifferencesbetweenworkingstudentsandnon-workingstudentsintermsofdifferentaspectsthatshowhowtheyarecommittedtotheirstudy.
4Additionally,wefollowedstudentsovertimeastheyincreasedordecreasedtheirworkhours,andweassessedhowdifferentpatternsofemploymentalteredschoolperformanceandengagement.（Para.1）
Meaning:
Wealsoobservedstudentsforaperiodoftimeastheyspentmoreorfewerhoursworkingpart-time,andwemadeajudgmentabouthowtheincreasedorreducedworkinghourschangedtheirschoolachievementandcommitment.
additionally:
ad.aswellaswhathasalreadybeenmentioned,agreed,etc.
另外；此外Exercisecanhelpolderadultsimprovestrengthandbalance.Additionally,itcanimprovetheconditionoftheirheartsandqualityoflife.锻炼有助于老年人增强体力和平衡能力。
另外，锻炼还能改善他们的心脏功能和生活质量。
performance:
n.[C,U]howwellorbadlyaperson,company,etc.doesaparticularjoboractivity（工作或活动中的）表现Theteacherevaluatedtheperformanceofeachstudent.老师对每个学生的表现都作出了评价。
engagement:
n.1）[U]（fml.）thefeelingofbeinginvolvedinaparticularactivity参与（感）Studentscanimprovetheirlearningskillsthroughengagementincreativework.学生可以通过参与创造性的工作来提高自己的学习技能。
2）[C]anagreementbetweentwopeopletomarry,ortheperiodoftimetheyareengaged婚约；订婚期间SheastonishedeverybodybyannouncingherengagementwithPeter.她宣布自己和彼得订婚了，这个消息让大家大吃一惊。
3）[C]anofficialarrangementtodosth.,esp.onethatisrelatedtoyourwork（尤指与工作有关的）约定，约会Thepublicwaseagertoreadarticlesabouttheprincess,especiallyaboutherpublicengagements.公众热切希望读到有关这位公主的文章，尤其是关于她的公开活动。
2Wehavesimplifiedandclassifiedthedataandtheresultsareclear:
Thestakesarehigh.Aheavycommitmenttoapart-timejobduringtheacademicyear,say,working20hoursperweekormore,underminesandsignificantlyinterfereswithschoolachievementandcommitment.Overall,ourstudyoffersproofthatstudentswhoworkedmorethan20hoursweeklywerenotcomparabletotheirclassmates.Theyearnedlowergrades,spentlesstimeonhomework,cutclassmoreoften,andcheatedmorefrequently.Andtheyreportedlowerlevelsofcommitmenttoschoolandmoremodesteducationalaspirations.
2我们把数据加以简化和归类，得出的结论很明确：
学生打工付出的代价很大。
在学年中花过多精力兼职打工，比如，一周打工20个小时或更长时间，会影响和严重干扰学习成绩和学习投入程度。
总的来说，我们的研究证明，每周打工超过20个小时的学生学习成绩不及班上其他同学。
他们的分数更低，花在作业上的时间更少，逃课更频繁，作弊更常见。
而且据反映，他们的学习投入程度较低，学习志向也不够远大。
5Wehavesimplifiedandclassifiedthedataandtheresultsareclear:
Thestakesarehigh.（Para.
2）
Meaning:
Wehaveprocessedthedatabymakingthemsimplerandgroupingthemintodifferent
categories.Theresearchresultsareclear:
Therisksforworkingstudentsarehigh.
6Aheavycommitmenttoapart-timejobduringtheacademicyear,say,working20hoursperweekormore,underminesandsignificantlyinterfereswithschoolachievementandcommitment.（Para.2）
Meaning:
Whenstudentsspendtoomuchtimeonapart-timejobduringtheschoolyear,forexample,asmuchas20hoursormoreeachweek,theirschoolperformanceanddevotiontostudyareseriouslyaffected.
say:
vt.usesth.asapossibleexample比方说；比如Whydon’twehaveabreakuntil,say,11:
00?
为
什么我们不休息一下，比方说休息到11点？
7Overall,ourstudyoffersproofthatstudentswhoworkedmorethan20hoursweeklywerenotcomparabletotheirclassmates.（Para.2）
Meaning:
Generally,ourstudyprovesthatstudentswhoworkedover20hourseachweekdidnotdoaswellinschoolastheirclassmates.
comparable:
a.1）beingequallyimportant,good,bad,etc.（重要性、好坏等）同等的，可相提并论的
HispoemsarebynomeanscomparabletoShelley’s.他的诗歌根本无法与雪莱的诗相提并论。
2）similartosth.elseinsize,number,quality,etc.,sothatyoucanmakeacomparison（在大小、数量、质量等方面）类似的，相当的，可相比的Ourpricesarecomparabletothoseofothershops.我们的价格和其他店家的价格相当。
8theyearnedlowergrands,spentlesstimeonhomework,cutclassmoreoften,andcheatedmorefrequently.（Para.2）
cutclass:
（AmE）（infml.）deliberatelynotgotoclassthatyoushouldgoto逃课Mikehadplannedto
invitedCarolyntodinner,butCarolyncutclassthatday.迈克原打算请卡罗琳吃饭，但是卡罗琳那天正好逃课了。
9Andtheyreportedlowerlevelsofcommitmenttoschoolandmoremodesteducationalaspirations.（Para.2）
Meaning:
Andtheysaidthattheywerelessdevotedtostudyandhadlowerexpectationsoftheireducation.
modest:
a.notverygreat,big,orexpensive不太大的；不很贵的Hergrocerystorehadamodest
incomeandhelpedsupportthefamily.她的食品杂货店有些许收入，可以帮助贴补家用。
3Ontheotherhand,wealsodetectedadifferentpattern.Workingforapproximately10hoursperweekorlessseeminglydoesnottakeaconsistenttollonschoolperformance.Nevertheless,giventhathalfofallemployedseniors,aboutone-thirdofalljuniors,andaboutone-fifthofallsecond-yearstudentsworkabovethe20-hourlimit,indicationsarethatalargenumberofstudentsareatriskofcompromisingtheirschoolcareerswiththeirpart-timejobs.
3但是，我们也发现了另外一种不同的模式。
每周打工大约10个小时或更少的时间对学习成绩似乎没有持续的影响。
不过，鉴于一半的大四打工学生、约三分之一的大三打工学生以及约五分之一的大二打工学生的打工时间都超过20个小时的上限，由此表明，有很多学生面临因打工而危及学业的风险。
10Ontheotherhand,wealsodetectedadifferentpattern.Workingforapproximately10hoursperweekorlessseeminglydoesnottakeaconsistenttollonschoolperformance.（Para.3）
Meaning:
However,wealsofoundoutadifferentpattern,thatis,whenstudentsworkforabout10hoursorlesseveryweek,itdoesnotseemtohaveacontinuousbadeffectonstudents’schoolperformance.
Usagenote:
ontheotherhand,incontrast,onthecontrary这三个词组都表示转折，意为“相反；但是”，
但是它们表示的转折关系有所不同。
1ontheotherhand意为“从另一方面来说”，通常是说同一件事情的两个方面。
例如：
I’dlikeajobthatpaysmore,butontheotherhand,IenjoytheworkI’mdoing.我想找一份工资高一点的工作，但是另一方面，我又很喜欢现在的工作。
2incontrast意为“对比之下”，通常对比不同的人或事物，更侧重于两者的不同，强调有差异。
例如：
Thefatherisaverydiligentworker.Incontrast,thesonisalazyperson.父亲是个很勤劳的工人。
相反，儿子却是个懒惰的人。
3onthecontrary意为“正相反；恰恰相反”，往往针对同一件事或同一个人表示个人意见，认为后面所说的才是对的，虽然后面所说的和前面的情况完全相反。
例如：
Theylookedlikeanidealcouple.Everybodybelievedtheywerehappy.Onthecontrary,theywereactuallymiserableandheadingforadivorce.他们看起来像一对理想的夫妻。
人人都以为他们很幸福。
但实际上恰恰相反，他们很痛苦，而且即将离婚。
11Nevertheless,giventhathalfofallemployedseniors,aboutone-thirdofalljuniors,andaboutone-fifthofallsecond-yearstudentsworkabovethe20-hourlimit,indicationsarethatalargenumberofstudentsareatriskofcompromisingtheirschoolcareerswiththeirpart-timejobs.（Para.3）
Meaning:
However,sincehalfofallemployedfourth-yearstudents,aboutone-thirdofallthird-yearstudents,andaboutone-fifthofallsecond-yearstudentsworkmorethan20hoursaweek,whichisbeyondthelimit,therearesignsthatalargenumberofstudentsriskharmingtheirschoolcareersbytakingpart-timejobs.
Sentencestructurenote:
giventhat表示“考虑到；鉴于”，一般用在句首，后面接表示原因的句子。
例
如：
GiventhatIdon’tearnthatmuchusually,Ihavetobesensiblewithmoney.由于我一般赚不了那么多钱，所以我必须省着点花。
Note:
InAmericanEnglish,thefollowingwordsareusedtorefertostudentsindifferentyearsofhighschooloruniversity:
freshman（first-yearstudent）:
astudentinthefirstyearofhighschooloruniversity（高中或大学的）一年级学生sophomore（second-yearstudent）:
astudentinthesecondyearofhighschooloruniversity
（高中或大学的二年级学生junior:
astudentintheyearbeforethefinalyearofhighschooloruniversity
（高中或大学的）三年级学生senior:
astudentinthelastyearofhighschooloruniversity（高中或大学）最高年级的学生，毕业班学生
4Whereasitistruethatmoredisengagedstudentsaremorelikelytoworklonghourstobeginwith,itappearsthatworkingmakesamarginalsituationworse.Inotherwords,overtime,themorestudentswork,thelesscommittedtoschooltheybecome.Whenstudentswithdrawfromthelaborforceorcutbackontheirworkhours,however,theresultsarestriking:
Theirinterestinschoolisgeneratedanew.Thisthenisgoodnews:
Thenegativeeffectsofworkingonschoolingarenotpermanent.
4虽说一开始确实是学习兴趣不大的学生更容易长时间地打工，但是打工看起来会让他们原本勉强的学习状况变得更糟。
换言之，随着时间的推移，学生打工时间越长，他们对学习的投入就越少。
但是，当学生退出打工队伍或者减少打工时间后，结果也引人注目：
他们对学习的兴趣被重新激发起来。
所以，这是个好消息，即打工对学习的负面影响并非是永久性的。
12Wh
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