届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之四十二18页word版.docx

届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之四十二18页word版.docx

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届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之四十二18页word版

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之四十二

[一]

Inthemid-2000s,WazeMobileco-founderEhudShabtaireceivedacutting-edge（尖端的）giftfromhisgirlfriend—aGPS.Theexpensivegiftwassupposedtobehelpful.Butstraightoutofthebox,itwasalreadyoutofdate.

Shabtai,acodingenthusiast,hadanimmediatereactiontoreinvent.Shabtai’ssolution?

Tobuildanapp.With80millionmonthlyactiveusersgloballyandnearly400,000superuserswhofunctionmuchlikeWikipediavolunteereditors（editingmapsratherthanwords）,WazeMobilecaughttheeyeofGoogleasarevolutionaryapproachtonavigation（导航）.

AcquiredbyGooglein2013,Waze’svaluemainlyliesinitshighrateofuserinvolvement.Unliketraditionalnavigationappsthatsimplyshowdirections,Wazeasksitsuserstoreportaccidentsandotherroadconditionsinrealtime,sootheruserscanavoidthetrafficbyusinganalternativeroute.

ThegoalbehindWaze’sapproachisanambitiousone—nottojustavoidtraffic,buttoenditaltogether.Wazeisfindingnewwaystoputitsloyalandactiveuserbasetousetomakethatvisionareality,includingaplantomakecarpooling（拼车）cool.

Tobesure,trafficjamsaretroublingpeopleallovertheworld.Wazehasbeenquietlyaheadofthegameforsometime.In2013,whenWazewasjustasmalldigital-mappingbusinesswithlimitedresources,ithadsomethingGoogleMapsandothercompetitorsdidn’t—richerGPSguidancethankstoitsstreamoflivetrafficreportsfromusers.

TheseuserswerethebasisofShabtai’splantosolveforhisGPSdevice’s“silent”hardware—hegroundedtheappinsoftwarethatcouldbeperpetuallyupdatedbyusers,anywhereandanytime.

WazeCarpoolisgoingstraighttotheheartoftrafficjams,tryingtogetmoredriversofftheroadandintocarpools.Theapphasalreadyconnectedtensofthousandsofrideseekerswithdriverswillingtoferrythemalongasharedroute,andthattrendcouldbetheanswertoatraffic-freefuture.

【语篇导读】文章主要介绍了一种由EhudShabtai改装的最新导航系统。

1.WhatdidShabtaidowhenhefoundhisgirlfriend’sgiftoutofdate?

A.Heimprovedit.

B.Hetookitapart.

C.Heputitaway.

D.Heuseditanyway.

答案　A解析　细节理解题。

根据文章第二段中的“Shabtai,acodingenthusiast,hadanimmediatereactiontoreinvent.”可知,他立刻对GPS进行了改进。

2.WhatsetsWazeMobileapartfromtraditionalnavigationapps?

A.Ithasthemostusers.

B.Itcanindicatedirections.

C.Itreportsroadconditionsinrealtime.

D.Mostusershelpedititswords.

答案　C解析　细节理解题。

根据文章第三段中的“Unliketraditionalnavigationappsthatsimplyshowdirections,Wazeasksitsuserstoreportaccidentsandotherroadconditionsinrealtime,sootheruserscanavoidthetrafficbyusinganalternativeroute.”可知,WazeMobile要求使用者随时报道路况,这是与其他传统导航不同的地方。

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perpetually”inParagraph6probablymean?

A.Difficultly.B.Carefully.

C.Greatly.D.Constantly.

答案　D

解析　词义猜测题。

根据文章第六段中的“hegroundedtheappinsoftwarethatcouldbeperpetuallyupdatedbyusers,anywhereandanytime.”可知,用户们可以随时随地更新软件,所以可以猜出perpetually意为“不断地”。

4.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthetext?

A.Theriseofcarpooling.

B.Anadvancednavigationapp.

C.ThedevelopmentofGoogle.

D.Trafficproblemsintheworld.

答案　B解析　主旨大意题。

通读整篇文章可知,文章主要介绍了一种先进的导航程序。

[二]

Ifyouareafruitgrower—orwouldliketobecomeone—takeadvantageofAppleDaytoseewhat’saround.It’scalledAppleDaybutinpracticeit’smorelikeAppleMonth.ThedayitselfisonOctober21,butsinceithascaughton,eventsnowspreadoutovermostofOctoberaroundBritain.

Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoftentaste,awidevarietyofapples.TopeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGoldenDeliciousandRoyalGalainsupermarkets,itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence,suchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans.Althoughitdoesn’ttasteofanythingspecial,it’sstillworthatry,asistheknobbly（多疙瘩的）Cat’sHeadwhichismoreofacuriositythananythingelse.

Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette,butyou’llneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit,soit’sapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit. 

Attheevents,youcanmeetexpertgrowersanddiscusswhichoneswillbestsuityourconditions,andbecausethesearefamilyaffairs,childrenarewellcateredforwithapple-themedfunandgames.

AppleDaysarebeingheldatallsortsofplaceswithaninterestinfruit,includingstatelygardensandcommercialorchards（果园）.Ifyouwanttohavearealorchardexperience,tryvisitingtheNationalFruitCollectionatBrogdale,nearFavershaminKent.

【语篇导读】文章介绍了苹果节举办的时间、项目及地点。

重点提到苹果节上种类丰富的苹果品种和有关苹果种植的相关知识,特别指出可以与苹果种植专家进行讨论等。

再加上孩子们喜欢的以苹果为主题的趣味游戏,可以说,对于那些对苹果及苹果种植感兴趣的人极具吸引力。

1.Whatcanpeopledoattheappleevents?

A.Attendexperts’lectures.

B.Visitfruit-lovingfamilies.

C.Plantfruittreesinanorchard.

D.Tastemanykindsofapples.

答案　D解析　细节理解题。

由第二段第一句“Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoftentaste,awidevarietyofapples.”可知,在苹果节的活动中,人们可以品尝到各种苹果。

故选D项。

2.WhatcanwelearnaboutDecio?

A.Itisanewvariety.

B.Ithasastrangelook.

C.Itisrarelyseennow.

D.Ithasaspecialtaste.

答案　C解析　推理判断题。

由第二段第二句中的“itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence,suchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans.”可推知,Decio是以前由罗马人种植的一种苹果,现在的人们能够看到这种苹果就算是大开眼界了。

由此推知现在Decio苹果非常罕见。

故选C项。

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“apipedream”inParagraph3mean?

A.Apracticalidea.B.Avainhope.

C.Abrilliantplan.D.Aselfishdesire.

答案　B解析　词义猜测题。

由第三段第二句可知,OrleansReinette果品上佳,但是对温度、环境、土壤的要求很高,因此,对大多数喜欢种植该苹果的爱好者来说是apipedream（白日梦）。

4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Toshowhowtogrowapples.

B.Tointroduceanapplefestival.

C.Tohelppeopleselectapples.

D.Topromoteappleresearch.

答案　B解析　主旨大意题。

通读全篇,文章主要介绍一个关于苹果的节日——苹果节。

故选B项。

[三]

Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn’tsitquietly.Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds,VOCsforshort.

ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It’saplant’swayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening?

Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighborsreact.

Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch. 

Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo.

Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?

Scientistsdon’tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged,butitwasn’tatrue,intentionalbackandforth.

CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate（亲密的）thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There’sawholelotgoingon.

【语篇导读】当受到攻击的时候,人们往往都会还击。

动植物也一样。

研究表明,当植物受到害虫的攻击时,它们会释放出一种化学物质来袭击害虫。

甚至还会发出某种香味来吸引这些害虫的天敌,以此来保护自己。

1.Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?

A.Itmakesnoises.

B.Itgetshelpfromotherplants.

C.Itstandsquietly.

D.Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.

答案　D解析　细节理解题。

根据第一段的“...sendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplant...”可知,当植物受到袭击时,它们会释放出某种化学物质。

因此D项正确。

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”inparagraph3?

A.Theattackersgetattacked.

B.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.

C.Theplantsgetreadytofightback.

D.Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.

答案　A解析　词义猜测题。

前文说,有些植物释放出一些难闻的化学物质赶走害虫,而另一些植物会释放出一些香味吸引这些害虫的天敌。

一旦这些天敌到达,这些害虫就会受到攻击,因此thetablesareturned的意思是“攻击者受到攻击”,故A项正确。

3.Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan　　　. 

A.predictnaturaldisasters

B.protectthemselvesagainstinsects

C.talktooneanotherintentionally

D.helptheirneighborswhennecessary

答案　B解析　推理判断题。

根据第四段可知,研究表明,植物们能保护自己不受害虫的侵袭。

4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Theworldischangingfasterthanever.

B.Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore.

C.Theworldismorecomplexthanitseems.

D.PeopleinDarwin’stimeweremoreimaginative.

答案　C解析　推理判断题。

文章最后一段说,150多年前,达尔文曾经设想一个更加忙碌,噪音更大的世界,它比我们所看到和听到的联系更加亲密。

作者说,我们的感觉非常微弱,世界非常复杂。

因此C项正确。

[四]

ManyofusloveJulybecauseit’sthemonthwhennature’sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia’sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.

Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein（蛋白质）,ironandzinc（notthatfruitshavemuchprotein）.Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants（抗氧化物质）.TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries（樱桃）,theyaresodeliciouswhocares?

However,theyarerichinvitaminC.

Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmake