英美国家比较.docx

英美国家比较.docx

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英美国家比较

英语国家概况/六国的地理,气候，人口等基本情况

地理位置,面积:

英国:

TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland

Britainisanislandcountry.Itissuroundedbythesea.ItliesinthenorthAtlanticOceanoffthenorthcoastofEurope.ItisseparatedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishChannelinthesouthandtheBorthseaintheeast.

TheBritaincoversanareaof244,100squarekm.Itruns1,000kmfromnorthtosouthandextends,atthewidestpart,about500kilometres.

美国:

theUnitedStatesofAmerica

ThecontinentalUnitedStatesliesincentralNorthAmericawithCanadatoitsnorth.MexicoandtheGulfofMexicotoitsSouth,theAtlanticOceantoitseastandthePacificOceantoitswest.ThetwoneweststatesAlaskaandHawaiiareseparatedfromthecontinetalUnitedStates.（Joinedin1959）

TheU.S.hasalandareaof9.3millionsquarekilometres（the4thlargestcountryintheworld）.Itstreches2,575kilometresfromnorthtosouthand4,500kilometresfromeasttowest.

爱尔兰:

theRepublicofIreland（Eire）

TheRepublicofIrelandcoversanareaof70,282sq.km.Thecuntry'stotalboundarysi3,603kmlong,ofwhichitslandborderwithNorthernIrelandis434km.

ItisboundedonthenortheastbyNorthernIreland,ontheeastandsoutheastbytheIrishSeaandSt.Geogore'sChannelandonthenorthandwestbytheAtlanticOcean.

加拿大:

Canada

Canadaistheworld'ssecondlargestcountryafterRussia.Ithasalandareaofabout10millionsq.km.ItcoversabouttwofifthsofNorthAmericancomtinent.NorthtoSouth（3,200kilometres）,easttowest（6,400kilometres）.CanadaandUnitedStatessharea6,378kilometreboundarythathasnotbeenfortifiedforoverahundredyears.

CanadaliestothenorthoftheUnitedStates.The45thparallelmarkstheboundarybetweenCanadaandnorhternVermontandNewYorkoftheUnitedStates.

澳大利亚:

Australia

Australiastrechesfrom10southto44southoflatitudeand113eastto154eastoflongitude.Australiaistheworld'ssmallestcontinentwithanareaof7.7milionsq.km.ButAustraliaisthesixthlargestcountryintheworld.

ItsurroundedbytheTasmanSeaandthePacificOceantotheeast,bytheIndianOceantothewest,bytheCoralSea,theAtlanticSeaandTimorSeatothenorth,andtheSouthernIndianOceanandtheGreatAustralianBighttothesouth.

新西兰:

NewZealand

NewZealandisintheSouthernPacificOcean,halfwaybetweentheequatorandSouthPole.About1,500kmtothenorthwest,acrosstheTasmanSea,isAustralia.Totheeast,10,600kmofthePacificOceanseparateNewZealandfromSouthAmerica.TheicycontinentofAntarcticalies2,300kmtothesouth.Thelatitudeofthecapitalcity,Wellington,is40S;thelatitudeofChina'scapitalis40N.ItisjustwestoftheInternationalDateline,soitisthefirstcountrytogetthenewday.

ThesizeofthecountryissimilartoBritainorJapan.

主要山峰，河流，湖泊

英国：

山峰：

BenNevis,thehighestmoutaininBritain（1,343m）islocatedinScotland.

ThehighestpeaktoEnglandisScafell（978m）whichintheLakeDistrictinnorth-westEngland.

Snowdonia（1,085m）inthenorthwestisthehighestmountaininWales.

河流：

ThelongestriveristheSevernRiverwhichisonly338kilometreslong.

ThesecondlargestandmostimportantriverinBritainistheThamesRiver.Itis336milometreslong.

RiverClydeisthemostimportantriverinScotland.

湖泊：

TherearemanylakesinBritainespeciallyinnorthernScotland,theLakeDistrictinnorth-westEnglandandNorthWales.

ThelargestlakeinBritainistheLoughNeaghinNorthernIreland.

美国：

山峰：

Therearetwomainmoutainranges,theAppalachianmoutainsaandtheRockymountains.Thesemountainsrunroughlyfromnorthtosouth.

TheRockies,thebackboneoftheNorthAmericancontinentisalsoknownastheContinentalDivide.

河流：

Mississippiisoneoftheworld'sgreatcontinentalrivers.（3,782kilometreslong）Ithastwobranches,riverMissouriandriverOhio.

Mississippihasbeencalled"fatherofwaters"or"oldmenriver".

OhiohasbeencalledtheAmericanRuhr.

OnthePacificsidetherearetwogreatrivers--theColoradoandtheColmbia.

TheRioGrandRiverformsanaturalboundarybetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates.

湖泊：

ThemostimportantlakesintheUnitedStatesaretheGreatLakes.TheyarelakeSuperior,whichisthelargestfrestwaterlakeinthewrold,LakeMichigan（theonlyoneentirelyintheU.S.）,LakeHuron,LakeErieandLakeOntario.TheyarealllocatedbetweenCanandaandtheUnitedStatesexceptLakeMichigan.

爱尔兰：

山峰：

ThehighestpeaksareCarrantuohill（1,041m）andMountBrandon（953m）nearKillarney,andLugnaquilla（926m）,about64km.southofDubin.

河流：

ThelargestriverinIrelandistheShannonRiver.

加拿大：

山峰：

ThehighestpeakinCanadaisMountLogan（6,050m）,whichisintheYukonTerritoryofnorthwestCanada.

河流：

ThetwoprincipalriversysternsaretheMackenzieandtheSt.Lawrence.

湖泊：

Canadahasnumerouslakes.InadditiontotheGreatLakesontheU.S.border,therearenineothersthataremorethan161kilometreslongandthirtyfivethataremorethan80kilometreslong.

澳大利亚：

山峰：

ThehighestpointinAustraliaisMountKosciuskoat2,255metresabovesealevel.

河流：

TheMurrayisAustralia'slongestriver（2,520km）.

湖泊：

LakeEyreisregardedasAustralia'slargestlake,butitknownasaparttimelake.

新西兰：

山峰：

Thehighestpeak,MtCook,3,764m,isinthecentreofthemountainrange,whichiscalledtheSouthernAlps.

InNorthislangthecentralplateauisdominatedby3volcanicmountains.Ruapehu（2,797m）andNgaurohoe（2,290m）areactivevolcanoes.Tongariro,isdormant.

河流：

TheriversinSouthisland,thelargestofwhichistheClutha,runeastwardfromthemountainlakesacrosstheplainstothePacificOcean.ThetwolargestNorthislandrivers,theWaikatoandtheWanganui,runnorthwestandsouthwestrespectively.

湖泊：

LakeTaupoisthelargestlakeinNewZealand.

气候，人口

英国:

Britainhasapopulationof57,411,000（1990）.

Amaritimetypeofclimate.Wintersaremild,nottoocoldandsummersarecool,nottoohot,andithasasteadyreliablerainfullthroughtoutthewholeyear.Ithasasmallrangeoftemperature.

美国:

TheUnitedStatesofAmerica,withapopulationof255.5millioninJuly1992,isthethirdmostpopulouscountryinthewrold.

Bytheyear2050,thepopulationisexpectedtoclimbto383million,a50%increase.

TheUnitedStatesislocatedinthemiddlelatitudesnorthoftheequator.Andtherearedifferenttypesofclimateindifferentregions.

1）Ahumidcontinentalclimateisfoundinthenorth-easternpartofthecountry.（NewEngland）

2）Inthesouth-easternUnitedStatesyoucanfindahumidsubtropicalclimate.

*thesetwozonesstretchwestwardacrosstheUnitedStatesuntiltheyapproachthe100thmeridian.

3）BeyondthispointtheygraduallygivewaytothecontinentalsteppeclimateoftheGreatPlains.

4）ThePacificnorthwestisfavouredwithamaritimeclimate.

5）ThesoutherpartofthePacificcoastinCaliforniahasaMediterraneanclimate.

爱尔兰:

ThepopulationofIrelandin1990wasestimatedat3.5million.Itisexpectedtogrowto4millionby2000.

TheweatherofIrelandisdescribedas"mild,moistandchangeable".Extremecold,longfrosts,heavysnowsinwinterandscorchingdaysinsummerareuncommon.

加拿大:

Canadahasapopulationofonlyalittleover29million（1994）.Toronto（3.4million）,Montreal（2.9million）andVancouver（1.3million）arethemostpopulouscitiesinCanada.

ExceptforsouthwesternSaskatchewanandsoutheasternAlberta,Canadarecievesadequaterainfall.HowevertheclimatethroughoutCanadaisvaried.

1）AmaritimeclimatesimilartothatofWashingtonandOregonstatesintheUnitedStatesisfoundinthesouthwesternpartofBritishColombia.

2）Northoftheseregionslietheevergreenforestsofthesubarctictaiga.

3）Inthefarnorththereisapolarclimatewithatreelesstundrazone

GenerallyspeakingtheclimateinCanadaisunfavourable.MuchofCanandahaslongandcoldwinterswithdeepsnow.

澳大利亚:

Today（1996）Australia'spopulationisabout18millionorabouttwopeopletothesquarekilometre.

MostAustraliadonotknowtheircontinentverywellbecausetheyliveonthecool,wet,forestedsouth-eastcoastland.ThisisthemostpleasantpartofthecountryandtheforestsareuniquebutitisnotAustralia'smostcommonenvironment.Twothirdsofthecoutryishotanddry.

新西兰:

ThepopulationofNewZealandis3.5million.Approximately10%areMaori,orpartMaori.

TheclimateinNewZealandisgenerallytemperate,butbecasuethecountryrunsnorthsouth,theclimateisvaried.

InthefarnorthitissubtropicalandinsomemountainousareasofSouthislanditisalmostsubarcitc.Seasonalvariationsarelessextremethaninmanyothercountries.

英语国家概况/历史篇（六）

历史篇（六）

因为有很多人都提供了很好的资料，所以我没有必要在这里再把书上的内容重复一遍，我只把重大的事件和时间列出来，另外再给一个页数。

大家可以根据这个框架在脑子里理出一定的思路，相信应该对记忆有所帮助。

（按照时间顺序）

时间国家事件页数

3000BC英ThefirstknownsettlersofBritainappeared（Iberians）16

2000BC英theBeakerFolkarrivedfromHollandandRhinelandtoU.K.16

700BC英TheceltsbegantoarriveinU.K.untilthearriveofRoman17

55BC英Romaninvasion18

mid-5thCD英Anglo-Saxons'invasionandtheestablishofHeptarchy20

the4thCD爱Gaelsarrived.189

432爱ThearrivalofSt.Patrick189

597英St.AugustinetriedtoconvertEnglishtoChristianity22

8th-9thCD英TheVikingandDanishInvasions23

1066英TheNormanConquest（thebestknowneventinEnglishhistory）24

1066-1381英NormanRule（feudalsystemwasestablishedinEngland）27

1100-1135英HenryII'sReforms29

1215英TheGreatCharter（MagnaCarta）32

1265英SimondeMontfortarrangedtheearliestParliament34

1337-1453英TheHundredyear'sWarwithFrance35

1348-1349英TheBlackDeath37

1381英WatTylerandJackStrawledthepeasant