英美国家比较.docx

1、英美国家比较英语国家概况/六国的地理,气候，人口等基本情况地理位置,面积: 英国:The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Britain is an island country. It is surounded by the sea. It lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe.It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south an

2、d the Borth sea in the east. The Britain covers an area of 244,100 square km.It runs 1,000 km from north to south and extends,at the widest part,about 500 kilometres. 美国:the United States of America The continental United States lies in central North America with Canada to its north.Mexico and the G

3、ulf of Mexico to its South,the Atlantic Ocean to its east and the Pacific Ocean to its west.The two newest states Alaska and Hawaii are separated from the continetal United States.(Joined in 1959) The U.S. has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometres(the 4th largest country in the world).It stre

4、ches 2,575 kilometres from north to south and 4,500 kilometres from east to west. 爱尔兰:the Republic of Ireland(Eire) The Republic of Ireland covers an area of 70,282 sq.km.The cuntrys total boundary si 3,603 km long,of which its land border with Northern Ireland is 434 km. It is bounded on the northe

5、ast by Northern Ireland,on the east and southeast by the Irish Sea and St. Geogores Channel and on the north and west by the Atlantic Ocean. 加拿大:Canada Canada is the worlds second largest country after Russia. It has a land area of about 10 million sq.km. It covers about two fifths of North American

6、 comtinent.North to South(3,200 kilometres),east to west(6,400 kilometres).Canada and United States share a 6,378 kilometre boundary that has not been fortified for over a hundred years. Canada lies to the north of the United States.The 45th parallel marks the boundary between Canada and norhtern Ve

7、rmont and New York of the United States. 澳大利亚:Australia Australia streches from 10 south to 44 south of latitude and 113 east to 154 east of longitude. Australia is the worlds smallest continent with an area of 7.7 milion sq.km. But Australia is the sixth largest country in the world. It surrounded

8、by the Tasman Sea and the Pacific Ocean to the east,by the Indian Ocean to the west,by the Coral Sea,the Atlantic Sea and Timor Sea to the north,and the Southern Indian Ocean and the Great Australian Bight to the south. 新西兰:New Zealand New Zealand is in the Southern Pacific Ocean,halfway between the

9、 equator and South Pole. About 1,500 km to the northwest,across the Tasman Sea,is Australia. To the east,10,600 km of the Pacific Ocean separate New Zealand from South America.The icy continent of Antarctica lies 2,300 km to the south. The latitude of the capital city,Wellington,is 40S;the latitude

10、of Chinas capital is 40N.It is just west of the International Date line,so it is the first country to get the new day. The size of the country is similar to Britain or Japan. 主要山峰，河流，湖泊 英国： 山峰：Ben Nevis,the highest moutain in Britain(1,343m) is located in Scotland. The highest peak to England is Sca

11、fell(978m) which in the Lake District in north-west England. Snowdonia(1,085m)in the northwest is the highest mountain in Wales. 河流：The longest river is the Severn River which is only 338 kilometres long. The second largest and most important river in Britain is the Thames River.It is 336 milometres

12、 long. River Clyde is the most important river in Scotland. 湖泊：There are many lakes in Britain especially in northern Scotland,the Lake District in north-west England and North Wales. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland. 美国： 山峰：There are two main moutain ranges,the App

13、alachian moutainsa and the Rocky mountains.These mountains run roughly from north to south. The Rockies,the backbone of the North American continent is also known as the Continental Divide. 河流：Mississippi is one of the worlds great continental rivers.(3,782 kilometres long)It has two branches,river

14、Missouri and river Ohio. Mississippi has been called father of waters or old men river. Ohio has been called the American Ruhr. On the Pacific side there are two great rivers-the Colorado and the Colmbia. The Rio Grand River forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States. 湖泊：The most

15、important lakes in the United States are the Great Lakes. They are lake Superior,which is the largest frest water lake in the wrold,Lake Michigan(the only one entirely in the U.S.),Lake Huron,Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Cananda and the United States except Lake Michigan.

16、 爱尔兰： 山峰：The highest peaks are Carrantuohill(1,041m) and Mount Brandon(953m) near Killarney, and Lugnaquilla(926m),about 64km. south of Dubin. 河流：The largest river in Ireland is the Shannon River. 加拿大： 山峰：The highest peak in Canada is Mount Logan(6,050m),which is in the Yukon Territory of northwest

17、Canada. 河流：The two principal river systerns are the Mackenzie and the St. Lawrence. 湖泊：Canada has numerous lakes. In addition to the Great Lakes on the U.S. border,there are nine others that are more than 161 kilometres long and thirty five that are more than 80 kilometres long. 澳大利亚： 山峰：The highest

18、 point in Australia is Mount Kosciusko at 2,255 metres above sea level. 河流：The Murray is Australias longest river(2,520km). 湖泊：Lake Eyre is regarded as Australias largest lake,but it known as a part time lake. 新西兰： 山峰：The highest peak,Mt Cook,3,764m, is in the centre of the mountain range,which is c

19、alled the Southern Alps. In North islang the central plateau is dominated by 3 volcanic mountains. Ruapehu(2,797m) and Ngaurohoe(2,290m) are active volcanoes. Tongariro,is dormant. 河流：The rivers in South island,the largest of which is the Clutha,run eastward from the mountain lakes across the plains

20、 to the Pacific Ocean.The two largest North island rivers,the Waikato and the Wanganui,run northwest and southwest respectively. 湖泊：Lake Taupo is the largest lake in New Zealand. 气候，人口 英国:Britain has a population of 57,411,000(1990). A maritime type of climate. Winters are mild,not too cold and summ

21、ers are cool,not too hot,and it has a steady reliable rainfull throughtout the whole year. It has a small range of temperature. 美国:The United States of America,with a population of 255.5 million in July 1992,is the third most populous country in the wrold. By the year 2050,the population is expected

22、 to climb to 383 million,a 50% increase. The United States is located in the middle latitudes north of the equator. And there are different types of climate in different regions. 1)A humid continental climate is found in the north-eastern part of the country.(New England) 2)In the south-eastern Unit

23、ed States you can find a humid subtropical climate. *these two zones stretch westward across the United States until they approach the 100th meridian. 3)Beyond this point they gradually give way to the continental steppe climate of the Great Plains. 4)The Pacific northwest is favoured with a maritim

24、e climate. 5)The souther part of the Pacific coast in California has a Mediterranean climate. 爱尔兰:The population of Ireland in 1990 was estimated at 3.5 million. It is expected to grow to 4 million by 2000. The weather of Ireland is described as mild,moist and changeable.Extreme cold,long frosts,hea

25、vy snows in winter and scorching days in summer are uncommon. 加拿大:Canada has a population of only a little over 29 million(1994).Toronto(3.4 million),Montreal(2.9 million)and Vancouver(1.3 million) are the most populous cities in Canada. Except for southwestern Saskatchewan and southeastern Alberta,

26、Canada recieves adequate rainfall.However the climate throughout Canada is varied. 1)A maritime climate similar to that of Washington and Oregon states in the United States is found in the southwestern part of British Colombia. 2)North of these regions lie the evergreen forests of the subarctic taig

27、a. 3)In the far north there is a polar climate with a treeless tundra zone Generally speaking the climate in Canada is unfavourable.Much of Cananda has long and cold winters with deep snow. 澳大利亚:Today(1996) Australias population is about 18 million or about two people to the square kilometre. Most A

28、ustralia do not know their continent very well because they live on the cool,wet,forested south-east coastland. This is the most pleasant part of the country and the forests are unique but it is not Australias most common environment. Two thirds of the coutry is hot and dry. 新西兰:The population of Ne

29、w Zealand is 3.5 million. Approximately 10% are Maori,or part Maori. The climate in New Zealand is generally temperate,but becasue the country runs northsouth,the climate is varied. In the far north it is subtropical and in some mountainous areas of South island it is almost subarcitc.Seasonal varia

30、tions are less extreme than in many other countries.英语国家概况/历史篇(六) 历史篇(六) 因为有很多人都提供了很好的资料，所以我没有必要在这里再把书上的内容重复一遍，我只把重大的事件和时间列出来，另外再给一个页数。大家可以根据这个框架在脑子里理出一定的思路，相信应该对记忆有所帮助。(按照时间顺序) 时间 国家 事件 页数 3000BC 英 The first known settlers of Britain appeared(Iberians) 16 2000BC 英 the Beaker Folk arrived from Holla

31、nd and Rhineland to U.K. 16 700BC 英 The celts began to arrive in U.K. until the arrive of Roman 17 55BC 英 Roman invasion 18 mid-5th CD 英 Anglo-Saxons invasion and the establish of Heptarchy 20 the 4th CD 爱 Gaels arrived. 189 432 爱 The arrival of St.Patrick 189 597 英 St.Augustine tried to convert Eng

32、lish to Christianity 22 8th-9th CD 英 The Viking and Danish Invasions 23 1066 英 The Norman Conquest(the best known event in English history) 24 1066-1381 英 Norman Rule(feudal system was established in England) 27 1100-1135 英 Henry IIs Reforms 29 1215 英 The Great Charter(Magna Carta) 32 1265 英 Simon de Montfort arranged the earliest Parliament 34 1337-1453 英 The Hundred years War with France 35 1348-1349 英 The Black Death 37 1381 英 Wat Tyler and Jack Straw led the peasant