英语国家概论简答完整版.docx

英语国家概论简答完整版.docx

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英语国家概论简答完整版

英概一句话简答完整版（余志远版本）

英国部分

1.WhatisthefullnameoftheUnitedKingdom?

ItistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.

2.WhatarethetwolargeislandthatmakeuptheBritishIsles?

TheyareGreatBritainandIreland.

3.WhatarethefourpoliticaldivisionsoftheUnitedKingdom?

TheyareEngland,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIreland.

4.WhydoestheUnitedKingdomhaveamildclimate,eventhoughitliesfarthernorththanourHeilongjiangProvince?

BecauseBritain’sclimateisinfluencedbytheGulfStream.

5.HowmanymetropolitanareasdoesEnglandhave?

Englandhassevenmetropolitanareas.

6.WhatisthebackboneofEngland?

ItisthePennines.

7.WhatisthelargestlakeintheBritishIsles?

ItisLoughNeagh.

8.FromwhatlanguagesisEnglishderived?

EnglandismainlyderivedfromtheAnglo-SaxonandNorman-Frenchlanguages.

9.Whatisaneisteddfod?

AneisteddfodisaWelshfestivalofpoetry,musicandotherarts.

10.WhathavetheScottishpeoplebeenfamousfor?

TheScottishpeoplehavebeenfamousfortheirclose-knitclans,colorfulplaidkilts,andskillasfiercewarriors.

11.HowlongwasBritainundertheRomanoccupation?

BritainwasundertheRomanoccupationfornearly400years.

12.WhywastheRomanimpactupontheBritonssurprisinglylimited?

TheRomanimpactontheBritonswassurprisinglylimitedbecausetheRomansalwaystreatedtheBritonsasasubjectpeopleofslaveclassandtheyneverintermarriedwiththenativeBritons.

13.WhendidtheAnglo-SaxonsbegintosettleinBritain?

TheAnglo-SaxonsbegantosettleinBritaininthe5thcentury.

14.WhendidEnglandbegintobeChristianized?

EnglandbegantobeChristianizedin579.

15.WhatwastheresultoftheSynodofWhitbyinYorkshirein664?

TheresultoftheSynodofWhitbywasthattheRomanmissionariesgainedtheupperhandovertheCelticmissionaries.

16.WhatwasHarolddoingwhenhewasinformedoftheinvasionofNorthumbriabyTostigandHaroldHardrada?

HewasinthesouthpreparingtoresisttheexpectedattackfromNormandy.

17.WheredidHarolddefeatTostigandHardrada?

HarolddefeatedTostigandHaroldHardradaatStanfordBridge.

18.BywhomwasWilliamcrownedKingofEnglandinWestminsterAbbey?

WilliamwascrownedKingofEnglandinWestminsterAbbeybytheArchbishopofYork.

19.WhatdidWilliamdoafterhesuppressedtheSaxonrisingsinthenorth?

Hebuiltastringofdefensecastlestoensurehismilitarycontrolofthewholecountry.

20.WastheNormanConquestthelastsuccessfulinvasionofEngland?

Yes.TheNormanConquestwasthelastsuccessfulinvasionofEnglandbecauseEnglandhasneverbeeninvadedsince.

21.WhydidWilliamIgivehisbaronslargeestatesinEngland?

WilliamIgavelargeestatestohisbaronsbecausehewantedtogetapromiseofmilitaryserviceandaproportionoftheland’sproduce.

22.WhatwasthepeculiarfeatureofthefeudalsystemofEngland?

Alllandowners,bigandsmall,tooktheoathofallegianceforthelandtheyheld,notonlytotheirimmediatelord,butalsototheking.

23.WhydidWilliamIhavetheDomesdayBookcompiled?

WilliamIhadtheDomesdayBookcompiledbecausehewantedtohaveareliablerecordofallhisland,histenantsandtheirpossessionsandtodiscoverhowmuchhistenantscouldbeaskedtopaybywayoftaxes.

24.WhatwasWilliamI’spolicytowardsthechurch?

Hewantedtokeepitcompletelyunderhiscontrol,butatthesametimetoupholditspower.

25.WhydidHenryIImakeThomasBecketArchbishopofCanterbury?

HethoughtthatThomasBecketwouldassisthimincarryingoutlegalreforms.

26.WhatbroughtHenryIIintocollisionwithThomasBecket,theArchbishopofCanterbury?

TheexceptionalprivilegesenjoyedbytheclergybroughtHenryIIintocollisionwithThomasBecket.

27.WhatarethetwoaspectsoftheNormanlegacythatcontributedtogreatdomesticunrestinEnglandinthe12thand13thcenturies?

OnewasEngland’spossessionofterritoryinFrance.TheotherwasNormanadherencetoRomanCatholicism.

28.WhowastheFrenchnationalheroineduringtheHundredYear’sWarwhohelpedtheFrenchtodrivetheEnglishoutofFrance?

JoanofArc.

29.Whendidthegovernmentestablishrulesforthefirsttimetokeepdownwages?

Thegovernmentestablishedrulesforthefirsttimetokeepdownwagesin1351.

30.HowmanypeasantinKentandEssexwerekilledbyRichardII’stroops?

40,000peasantsinKentandEssexwerekilledbyRichardII’stroops.

31.WhatweretheemblemsoftheHousesofYorkandLancaster?

TheemblemoftheHouseofYorkwasawhiteroseandtheemblemoftheHouseofLancasterwasaredrose.

32.WhatwastheimpactoftheWarsoftheRosesonfeudalisminEngland?

TheWarsoftheRosesdealtadeathblowtofeudalisminEngland.

33.HowdidElizabethItrytoavoidtroublingParliamenttoooftenforpounds?

ShetriedtoavoidtroublingParliamentbymakingstricteconomiesatCourt.

34.WhatquestionsdidElizabethItreataspersonalandprivate?

Thesequestionswereherreligion,hermarriage,herforeignpolicy,thesuccessiontothethrone,andherfinance.

35.HowdidElizabethImanagetomaintaininfriendlyrelationshipwithFrance?

ShemanagedtomaintainafriendlyrelationshipwithFrancethroughhermarriageallianceswhichwerenevermaterialized.

36.WhenwasMaryQueenofScotsexecuted?

MaryQueenofScotswasexecutedin1587.

37.WhatdidthedestructionoftheSpanishArmadashow?

ItshowedEngland’ssuperiorityasanavalpower.

38.Whatwasthelong-termresultoftheGunpowderPlot?

Thelong-termresultoftheGunpowderPlothasbeenanannualcelebrationofNovember5,whenabonfireislittoburnaguyandafireworkdisplayisarranged.

39.WhatwasPuritanismnotedfor?

Itwasnotedforsimpledress,highmoralstandardsandveryegalitarianattitudes.

40.Whatisaconstitutionalmonarchy?

AconstitutionalmonarchyisonewhosepowerislimitedbyParliament.

41.WhatdidtheWhigsstandforintheearly19thcentury?

TheystoodforareductioninCrownpatronage,sympathytowardsNonconformists,andcarefortheinterestsofmerchantsandbankers.

42.Whydidchangesinfarmingmethodsaffectlivesofmillionsinthe18thcentury?

Changesinfarmingmethodsaffectedlivesofmillionsinthe18thcenturyEnglandbecausevillageandagriculturewerethebackboneofEnglandatthattime.

43.Whatdidthelandownerswanttodointhelate18thandearly19thcenturies?

Theywantedtoreplacethesmallfarmscultivatedonthe“open-field”systembylarger,economicallymoreefficientfarmswithhedge-dividedfields.

44.WhywasKingGeorgeIIInicknamed“FarmerGeorge”?

KingGeorgeIIIwasnicknamed“FarmerGeorge”becausehewasveryenthusiasticaboutagriculturalchangesatWinsor.

45.WhatwerethetwoeventswhichmostalarmedtheBritishrulingclassesintheclosingdecadesofthe18thcentury?

TheyweretheAmericanWarofIndependenceandtheFrenchRevolution.

46.WhendidtheBritishbegintotransportconvictstoAustralia?

TheBritishbegantotransportconvictstoAustraliain1788.

47.Whatwastheresultofthegeneralstrikeof1926?

Thestrikefailed.Theminerswereforcedtoreturntoworkwithlongerhoursandlowerwageseventhanbefore.Yet,outsidetheminingdistrict,thestrikeseemedtohaveimprovedrelationsbetweentheworkersandthemiddleclasses.

48.Whyd4idEdwardVIIIabdicatein1936afterareignof10months?

EdwardVIIIabdicatedbecausehewantedtomarryWallisSimpson,atwice-divorcedAmerican.

49.WhendidBritainfinallybecomeafullmemberoftheEuropeanEconomicCommunity?

BritainfinallybecameafullmemberoftheEuropeanEconomicCommunityinJanuary,1973.

50.WhywasMrs.Thatcherremovedfromofficein1990?

ItwasbecauseofheroppositiontoEuropeanUnionandherimpositionofanextremelyunpopularflat-rate“polltax”inplaceofpropertytaxestopayorlocalgovernmentservice.

51.WhataretheeconomicproblemsBritainisnowfacedwith?

Britainisnowfacedwithalowrateofindustrialgrowth,unemployment,andarisinginflationrate.

52.WhatpercentageofBritishworkersareemployedinserviceindustries?

Morethan70%ofBritishworkersareemployedinserviceindustries.

53.Whywereearlyfactorieslocatednearthecoalfields?

Becausecoalpoweredthesteamenginesthatmovedthemachinery.

54.InwhichBritishindustrydidtheIndustrialRevolutionbegin?

TheIndustrialRevolutionbeganinBritain’stextileindustry.

55.WhereareoilandnaturalgasfoundinBritain?

OilandnaturalgasarefoundundertheNorthSea.

56.WhyisitthatBritainimportsmoreclothingthanitexports?

BecausemanycountrieswithlowerlaborcostscanproduceclothingmorecheaplythantheBritishcan.

57.WhichareainBritainiscalledthe“SiliconGlen”?

TheareabetweenGlasgowandEdinburghinScotlandiscalledthe“SiliconGlen”.

58.WhatisthecountyofKentinsoutheasternEnglandfamousfor?

Itisfamousforitsbeautifulblossomsofitsappleandcherryorchardsinspringtime.

59.WhatareBritain’smostimportantimports?

Britishimportsincludechemicals,clothing,foods,machinery,metals,motorvehicles,paperandnewsprint,petroleumproducts,andtextiles.

60.WhatareBritain’smostimportantexports?

Britishexportsareaerospaceequipment,chemicalsandpharmaceuticals,foodsandbeverages,machinery,motorvehicles,petroleum,andscientificandmedicalequipment.

61.WheredoestheSovereign’scoronationtakeplace?

TheSovereign’scoronationtakesplaceatWestminsterAbbeyinLondon.

62.WhenistheSovere