英语国家概论简答完整版.docx

1、英语国家概论简答完整版英概一句话简答完整版（余志远版本）英国部分1. What is the full name of the United Kingdom? It is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 2. What are the two large island that make up the British Isles? They are Great Britain and Ireland. 3. What are the four political divisions of the United

2、Kingdom? They are England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 4. Why does the United Kingdom have a mild climate, even though it lies farther north than our Heilongjiang Province? Because Britains climate is influenced by the Gulf Stream. 5. How many metropolitan areas does England have? England

3、has seven metropolitan areas. 6. What is the backbone of England? It is the Pennines. 7. What is the largest lake in the British Isles? It is Lough Neagh. 8. From what languages is English derived? England is mainly derived from the Anglo-Saxon and Norman-French languages. 9. What is an eisteddfod?

4、An eisteddfod is a Welsh festival of poetry, music and other arts. 10. What have the Scottish people been famous for? The Scottish people have been famous for their close-knit clans, colorful plaid kilts, and skill as fierce warriors. 11. How long was Britain under the Roman occupation? Britain was

5、under the Roman occupation for nearly 400 years. 12. Why was the Roman impact upon the Britons surprisingly limited? The Roman impact on the Britons was surprisingly limited because the Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class and they never intermarried with the native B

6、ritons. 13. When did the Anglo-Saxons begin to settle in Britain? The Anglo-Saxons began to settle in Britain in the 5th century. 14. When did England begin to be Christianized? England began to be Christianized in 579. 15. What was the result of the Synod of Whitby in Yorkshire in 664? The result o

7、f the Synod of Whitby was that the Roman missionaries gained the upper hand over the Celtic missionaries. 16. What was Harold doing when he was informed of the invasion of Northumbria by Tostig and Harold Hardrada? He was in the south preparing to resist the expected attack from Normandy. 17. Where

8、did Harold defeat Tostig and Hardrada? Harold defeated Tostig and Harold Hardrada at Stanford Bridge. 18. By whom was William crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey? William was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey by the Archbishop of York. 19. What did William do after he suppressed

9、the Saxon risings in the north? He built a string of defense castles to ensure his military control of the whole country. 20. Was the Norman Conquest the last successful invasion of England? Yes. The Norman Conquest was the last successful invasion of England because England has never been invaded s

10、ince. 21. Why did William I give his barons large estates in England? William I gave large estates to his barons because he wanted to get a promise of military service and a proportion of the lands produce. 22. What was the peculiar feature of the feudal system of England? All landowners, big and sm

11、all, took the oath of allegiance for the land they held, not only to their immediate lord, but also to the king. 23. Why did William I have the Domesday Book compiled? William I had the Domesday Book compiled because he wanted to have a reliable record of all his land, his tenants and their possessi

12、ons and to discover how much his tenants could be asked to pay by way of taxes. 24. What was William I s policy towards the church? He wanted to keep it completely under his control, but at the same time to uphold its power. 25. Why did Henry II make Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury? He though

13、t that Thomas Becket would assist him in carrying out legal reforms. 26. What brought Henry II into collision with Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury? The exceptional privileges enjoyed by the clergy brought Henry II into collision with Thomas Becket. 27. What are the two aspects of the Nor

14、man legacy that contributed to great domestic unrest in England in the 12th and 13th centuries? One was Englands possession of territory in France. The other was Norman adherence to Roman Catholicism. 28. Who was the French national heroine during the Hundred Years War who helped the French to drive

15、 the English out of France? Joan of Arc. 29. When did the government establish rules for the first time to keep down wages? The government established rules for the first time to keep down wages in 1351. 30. How many peasant in Kent and Essex were killed by Richard II s troops? 40,000 peasants in Ke

16、nt and Essex were killed by Richard IIs troops. 31. What were the emblems of the Houses of York and Lancaster? The emblem of the House of York was a white rose and the emblem of the House of Lancaster was a red rose. 32. What was the impact of the Wars of the Roses on feudalism in England? The Wars

17、of the Roses dealt a death blow to feudalism in England. 33. How did Elizabeth I try to avoid troubling Parliament too often for pounds? She tried to avoid troubling Parliament by making strict economies at Court. 34. What questions did Elizabeth I treat as personal and private? These questions were

18、 her religion, her marriage, her foreign policy, the succession to the throne, and her finance. 35. How did Elizabeth I manage to maintain in friendly relationship with France? She managed to maintain a friendly relationship with France through her marriage alliances which were never materialized. 3

19、6. When was Mary Queen of Scots executed? Mary Queen of Scots was executed in 1587. 37. What did the destruction of the Spanish Armada show? It showed Englands superiority as a naval power. 38. What was the long-term result of the Gunpowder Plot? The long-term result of the Gunpowder Plot has been a

20、n annual celebration of November 5, when a bonfire is lit to burn a guy and a firework display is arranged. 39. What was Puritanism noted for? It was noted for simple dress, high moral standards and very egalitarian attitudes. 40. What is a constitutional monarchy? A constitutional monarchy is one w

21、hose power is limited by Parliament. 41. What did the Whigs stand for in the early 19th century? They stood for a reduction in Crown patronage, sympathy towards Nonconformists, and care for the interests of merchants and bankers. 42. Why did changes in farming methods affect lives of millions in the

22、 18th century? Changes in farming methods affected lives of millions in the 18th century England because village and agriculture were the backbone of England at that time. 43. What did the land owners want to do in the late 18th and early 19th centuries? They wanted to replace the small farms cultiv

23、ated on the “open-field” system by larger, economically more efficient farms with hedge-divided fields. 44. Why was King George III nicknamed “Farmer George”? King George III was nicknamed “Farmer George” because he was very enthusiastic about agricultural changes at Winsor. 45. What were the two ev

24、ents which most alarmed the British ruling classes in the closing decades of the 18th century? They were the American War of Independence and the French Revolution. 46. When did the British begin to transport convicts to Australia? The British began to transport convicts to Australia in 1788. 47. Wh

25、at was the result of the general strike of 1926? The strike failed. The miners were forced to return to work with longer hours and lower wages even than before. Yet, outside the mining district, the strike seemed to have improved relations between the workers and the middle classes. 48. Why d4id Edw

26、ard VIII abdicate in 1936 after a reign of 10 months? Edward VIII abdicated because he wanted to marry Wallis Simpson, a twice-divorced American. 49. When did Britain finally become a full member of the European Economic Community? Britain finally became a full member of the European Economic Commun

27、ity in January,1973. 50. Why was Mrs. Thatcher removed from office in 1990? It was because of her opposition to European Union and her imposition of an extremely unpopular flat-rate “poll tax” in place of property taxes to pay or local government service. 51. What are the economic problems Britain i

28、s now faced with? Britain is now faced with a low rate of industrial growth, unemployment, and a rising inflation rate. 52. What percentage of British workers are employed in service industries? More than 70% of British workers are employed in service industries. 53. Why were early factories located

29、 near the coal fields? Because coal powered the steam engines that moved the machinery. 54. In which British industry did the Industrial Revolution begin? The Industrial Revolution began in Britains textile industry. 55. Where are oil and natural gas found in Britain? Oil and natural gas are found u

30、nder the North Sea. 56. Why is it that Britain imports more clothing than it exports? Because many countries with lower labor costs can produce clothing more cheaply than the British can. 57. Which area in Britain is called the “Silicon Glen”? The area between Glasgow and Edinburgh in Scotland is ca

31、lled the “Silicon Glen”. 58. What is the county of Kent in southeastern England famous for? It is famous for its beautiful blossoms of its apple and cherry orchards in springtime. 59. What are Britains most important imports? British imports include chemicals, clothing, foods, machinery, metals, mot

32、or vehicles, paper and newsprint, petroleum products, and textiles. 60. What are Britains most important exports? British exports are aerospace equipment, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, foods and beverages, machinery, motor vehicles, petroleum, and scientific and medical equipment. 61. Where does the Sovereigns coronation take place? The Sovereigns coronation takes place at Westminster Abbey in London. 62. When is the Sovere