武汉工程学院 期末考试大学英语.docx

武汉工程学院 期末考试大学英语.docx

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武汉工程学院期末考试大学英语

武汉工程学院2017年期末考试

大学英语

选择题部分

Part1ReadingComprehensionSectionA

Passage1

Tohearmostrecentresearchtellit,coffeeisamiracledrink.ThemagicbeanswillwardoffskincancerandAlzheimer’s（老年痴呆症）,reduceheartfailureanddiabetes（糖尿病）risks,heightenfocus,andmaybeevenprotectliverhealth.Oh,anddecreasesuiciderisk,accordingtotheneweststudythatvalidatesourcoffeeaddictions.

AccordingtoastudyperformedbytheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealthandpublishedthismonthinTheWorldJournalofBiologicalPsychiatry,peoplewhodrinktwotofourcupsofjavaeachdayarelesslikelytocommitsuicidethanthosewhodon’tdrinkcoffee,drinkdecaf,ordrinkfewerthantwocupseachday.Thestudyfollowedover200,000peopleforatleast16years.Andit’snotjustaweaklink:

theresearchersfoundthatthesuicideriskwascutbyaround50percentforcoffeeaddicts.

Thisisn’tthefirsttimethatresearchershavediscoveredthatcoffeeandsmilesmightgohand-in-hand.A2011studyfoundthatwomenwhodrinkcoffeecuttheirriskofdepressionby15percentcomparedtothosewhodon’t.MichelLucas,theheadresearcherofthemostrecentstudy,toldTheHuffingtonPostthatcoffeeaddictscanthankcaffeineforthegoodnews.Thedrugmayactuallyactlikeamildanti-depressantbytweakinglevelsofhappyhormones.

Ofcourse,there’splentyofresearchouttherethatdoesn’tlooksokindlyuponcoffeedrinkers.Recently,theNewYorkerpublishedanarticlearguingthatwhilecoffeemayheightenfocus,thatmeansitalsoputsasqueezeoncreativity.Andofcourse,coffee’swell-knownnegativeeffectslikeinsomnia（失眠症）anddisturbedsleepcyclesstillhold.

Regardless,we’llraiseourmugstothismostrecentstudyforjustifyingourcoffeeaddictionsonceagain.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasapossiblebenefitofdrinkingcoffee?

A.reducingheartfailurerisks

B.protectingliverhealthC.preventingskincancerD.improvingeyesight

2.AccordingtoastudyperformedbytheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,peoplearelesslikelytocommitsuicideifthey

A.drinkfewerthantwocupsofcoffeeeachday

B.drinkmorethanfourcupsofcoffeeeachday

C.drinktwotofourcupsofcoffeeeachday

D.don'tdrinkanycoffeeeachday

3.Thereasonwhycoffeecancutthesuicideriskliesinthat

A.itcanheightenfocus

B.itcancureskincancer

C.itmayhelptopreventdepression

D.itmaymakepeoplelesscreative

4.OneofthenegativeeffectsofcoffeeisthatitA.costsalotofmoney

B.disturbssleep

C.makespeoplefat

D.causescoffeeaddictions

5.Whatmightbethewriter'sattitudetowardcoffeedrinking?

A.Positive

B.HostileC.IndifferentD.Tough

Passages2

Polarbearsareclassifiedasmarinemammals（哺乳动物）,likeasealorawhale,whichmightcomeasasurprisegiventhatthey'reusuallypicturedonland.ButpolarbearsspendalotoftheirtimeinthewatersoftheArctic（北极）,fishingorswimmingamongtheseaice.Theymaylookawkwardinthewater,butnocreaturewithpawsisabetterswimmer.

They'dbetterbe.Arcticseaiceisdecliningfast,robbingthepolarbearofitsprimehabitatandforcingthemtoswimlongerandlongerdistancestoreachsolidground.Nootheranimalseemstobesuchadirectvictimofwarming,whichisonereasonwhythepolarbearhasemergedasthesymbolofclimatechange.（Anotheristhattheylooksocuteandcuddly.）It'sasimplenarrativetograsp:

carbonwarmstheclimate,Arcticseaicemeltsandbabypolarbearsdown.

Butitturnsoutitmightnotbethatsimple.AnewstudybyscientistsattheU.S.GeologicalSurvey（USGS）underscoresthefactthatpolarbearsreallyareamazingswimmer.Infacttheyaresogoodthatbiologistswereabletodocument50swimsthatcoveranaveragelengthof96miles.theresearchprovidescluesthatpolarbearsmaybeabletokeeptreading（踩）waterevenasclimatechangemeltstheirhabitat.

TheresearcherspublishedtheirworkintheCanadianjournalofzoology.theyfollowed52femalepolarbearsintheArcticOceannorthofAlaskafrom2004to2009,usingradiocollarsthatcouldtrackthemovementsoftheanimals.Theythencomparedthepathstakenbythebears

withmapsofshiftingseaiceoverthesameperiodoftime,andfoundthatthepolarbearswereworld-classmarathonswimmersandthoselong,longdipsintheoceanweren'toutliers——whilethereallylong-distanceswimswererelativelyrate,38%ofthebearssurveyedtookatleastonesuchmarathonswim.

6

.Peoplemayfeelsurprisedtoknowthatpolarbearsareclassifiedasmarinemammalsbecause

A.polarbearscannotliveinthesea

B.polarbearshavepawsandcanwalk

C.polarbearsareusuallyseenonland

D.polarbearsarerarelypicturedbypeople

7.whatdoesthewritermeansaying"nocreaturewithpawsisabetterswimmer"inthefirstparagraph?

A.polarbearsarethebestswimmersintheworld

B.polarbearsswimbetterthanotheranimalswithpaws

C.noothercreatureswithpawscanswim

D.creaturewithpawscanswimbetterthananyfish

8.ThesecondparagraphismainlyaboutA.thedangerthebabypolarbearswillface

B.thereasonwhypolarbearsaresopopular

C.thecausesofclimatechange

D.theeffectsofwarmingonpolarbears

9.Theunderlinedword"underscores"（Paragraph3）istheclosestinmeaningto“”

A.emphasizesB.deniesC.understandD.accepts

10.Whatdidtheresearchersusetotrackthemovementsofthe52femalepolarbears?

A.GPS

B.AirplanesC.RadioCollars

D.Mapsofshiftingseaice

Passage3

Howmanyhundredsofheroesgounheralded（未宣布的）fromthedaysoftheUndergroundRailroad?

WhilewecelebratesuchimportantfiguresasHarrietTubmanandFrederickDouglass,numerousotherswereneededtomaketheoperationofthe"railroad"asuccess.Runawayslaveshadtobegivenshelterfromweatherandfromsearchparties.Thetaleofthisawesomephenomenonisoneofcooperation,coordination,andbrotherlylove.TheUndergroundRailroadoperatedasasecretorganizationdedicatedtoassistingrunawayslavesfromtheSouth.

TheRailroadshouldnotbethoughtof,however,asonecohesivebody.Itwasinfactanever-evolvingorganizationdevotedtoonecause:

protectionofone'sfellowmenandwomen.Itactuallybeganduringthecolonialperiod.However,itreacheditsheightinthedecadesprecedingtheAmericanCivilWar.Actssuchasthe“FugitiveSlaveActof1850”（1850年逃奴追缉法案）increasedrailroadactivityandpopularity.TheultimategoaloftheUndergroundRailroadwastoaccomplishthesafearrivalofrunawayslavestoCanadawherethelongarmofthelawcouldnotreachthem.LawssuchastheFugitiveSlaveActsof1793and1850allowedslaveownerstorecaptureescapedslavesandbringthembacktobondageintheSouth.

SomehistoriansbelievethiscourageousorganizationwasbeganbyQuakers（贵格会教徒）inPennsylvaniaandNewJersey.Overtime,thebackboneofthisorganizationbecamethenumerousfreeblacksoftheNorth.TheywereessentialtothesuccessfuloperationoftheUndergroundRailroad.Inmostcases,fleeingslavestraveledbyanymeansnecessaryandoftenontheirowninanefforttoreachfreedomintheNorth.AfterarrivingintheNorththepeopleoftheUndergroundRailroadwouldprovideassistanceandsuppliesinanefforttogetthemtotheguaranteedfreedomofCanada.

11.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheundergroundrailroadistrue?

A.Itwasarailroadbuiltundergroundlikesubway

B.Itwasarailroadoperatedbytheusgovernment

C.Itoperatedasasecretorganizationtohelprunawayslaves

D.Itservedasasecretrouteonlyknowntoslaveownersinthesouth

12.Fromparagraph2,weknowthattherunawayslaves.A.couldnotaffordtobuytheirtraintickets.

B.couldberecapturedbyslaveowners

C.couldnotgetanyshelterfrombadweather

D.mightreachCanadawiththehelpofsearchparties

13.TheUndergroundRailroadbeganA.duringtheAmericanCivilWar

B.afterthedeclarationofindependence.

C.duringthecolonialperiod

D.between1793and1850

14.Whowereessentialtothesuccessfuloperationoftheundergroundrailroad?

A.SlavesintheSouth

B.QuakersinCanada

C.Whitepeopleofthesouth

D.FreeblacksoftheNorth

15.Thetoneofthepassagecanbedescribedas

A.objectiveB.delightfulC.pessimistic

D.humorous

Passage4

Weareinthemidstofaheatedpublicdebateoverthebenefitsofonlineeducation.Ithinkthattheincidentsofcheatinghaveincreasedfortwointerconnectingreasons.Thefirstisthetrendofpackingasmanystudentsaspossibleintocoursesectionsasameansofsavingmoney.Thesecondisthestructureoftheonlinecoursesthemselves.Itisevidentthatthesetwo

intertwining（结）trendscanservetoproduceacademiccheatingandplagiarism（剽窃）.

InthewakeoftheGreatRecessionandthefollowingbudgetcrisis,thedeanofoneofthecollegesIteachinincreasedclasssizebyasmanyas50studentsinanattempttosavemoney.Oneofthenon-onlinecoursesIteachwasintendedfor32to35pupils.ButwhenItaughtthecourselastsemester,itwascomposedof82students.

Onlinecoursesservetoexacerbate（加剧）thetrendtowardlargerclasssizes.Theprimarymotivefortheincreaseinonlinecoursesisthattheydonotrequirephysicalclassroomspace.Thisallowscampusadministratorstocutcostsbyincreasingthenumberofstudentsenrolledinaparticularcoursesectioneveniftheydon'thaveclassrooms.

What'smore,whenstudentstakeclassesonline,theprofessordoesnothaveface-to-facecontactwiththevastmajorityofthestudentsenrolledinthecourse.Asaresult,onecanneverbesurethatthestudentsaredoingtheirownworkforthereislittletostopthemfrom