定语从句关系代词和关系副词的知识和练习.docx

定语从句关系代词和关系副词的知识和练习.docx

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定语从句关系代词和关系副词的知识和练习

一、定语：

修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。

汉语中常用“……的〞表示。

定语主要由形容词担任，此外名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式〔短语〕、分词也可以做定语。

abeautifulcity;abagfullofmoney.

注意：

汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语那么不然，假设是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面，假设是两个以上的词组、短语或从句那么放在被修饰词的后面，

thirtywomenteachers;hisfather;thegirlinred；theboyfromAmerica

Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirststudenttoentertheclassroom.

fallingleaves;fallenleaves;theboyplayingbasketball;thebookboughtbymymother;areadingroom;aswimmingpool

Heisthemanwhoyouarelookingfor.

二：

定义及相关术语

1．定语从句：

修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

2．先行词：

被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

3．关系词：

引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有when,where,why.

1.Ihaveanapple.Anappleisred.

Ihaveanapplethat/whichisred.

↑↑

先行词关系代词

2.Ilikesomefriends.Somefriendslikesports.

Ilikefriendswholikesports.

↑↑

先行词关系代词

3.Ilikemusic.Themusicisquiet.

Ilikemusicthat/whichisquiet.

↑↑

先行词关系代词

关系词通常有以下三个作用：

A、引导定语从句，连接主从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

〔一〕关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人，在定语从句中做主语。

TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

Thosewhowanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.

YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.

Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.

2.whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。

Mr.Liuistheperson（whom）youtalkedaboutonthebus.

LiMingisjusttheboy（whom）Iwanttosee.

Theprofessor（whom）youarewaitingforhascome.

Thegirl（whom）theteacheroftenpraisesisourmonitor.

注意：

关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。

Theman（whom/who）youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.

3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。

Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.

Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.

Thehousewhichisbythelakelooksnice.

Thisisthepen（which）heboughtyesterday.

Thefilm（which）theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.。

4．That既可指人，也可指物。

在定语从句中做主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。

Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.

Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?

Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.

Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.

YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/whichcamefromAustralia.

5.whose既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。

Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.

Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.

注意：

指物时，常用以下构造来代替：

Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?

Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?

〔二〕限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况

1.领先行词是everything,anything,nothing（something除外）,all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时，或领先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时。

如：

HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?

Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.

Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.。

ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.

Hestayedinthelibraryandlookedupanyinformationthattheyneeded.

注意：

领先行词指人时，偶然也可用关系代词who，如：

Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.

Allthegueststhat/whowereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.

2.领先行词被序数词修饰时。

如：

ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.

3.领先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。

如：

ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.

4.领先行词被thevery,theonly修饰时。

如：

ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.

Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.

注意：

领先行词指人时，偶然也可用关系代词who。

如：

WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.

5.领先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。

如：

Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?

WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?

6.领先行词为人与物时。

如：

Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool.

〔三〕关系副词引导的定语从句

1．when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

领先行词是表时间的名词，比方time,day,week,month,year等；且定语从句中缺少时间状语时用when.假设先行词是表时间的名词，定语从句中缺主语或宾语时，用that/which引导。

IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.

Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.

Doyouremembertheyearswhenhelivedinthecountrysidewithhisgrandparents？

Doyourememberthedays〔that/which〕wespenttogetherlastyear?

Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether.

Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.

2．where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

假设先行词是表地点的名词，比方park,city,farm,place等；且定语从句中缺地点状语时用where.假设先行词是表地点的名词，定语从句中缺主语或宾语时，用that/which引导。

ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.上海是我出生的城市。

ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.

Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.

Shanghaiisthecity（which/that）Iwanttovisit.

Iknowaplacewherewecanhaveapicnic.

Iknowaplacewhich/thatisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery