英语高考英语总复习阅读理解社会文化.docx

英语高考英语总复习阅读理解社会文化.docx

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英语高考英语总复习阅读理解社会文化

（英语）高考英语总复习--阅读理解（社会文化）

一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类

1．阅读理解

   TheBritishliveonasmallisland.Theyaresurroundedbythesea,soitisnotsurprisingthattheseahasalwaysplayedanimportantroleintheirlives.Afterthedevelopmentoflarge,oceangoingsailingshipsinthefifteenthcentury,theseabecameevenmoreimportanttothecountry'sdevelopment.ShipssettingsailfromEnglanddeterminedtoextendBritain'sterritories,itswealthanditsknowledgeoftheworld.ShipsreturnedtoEnglandbringinggoods,peopleandnewideasfromforeignplaces.Bythenineteenthcentury,Britainhadthelargest,mostpowerfulnavyintheworld.

   ThegreatsailingshipsweresomuchapartofBritishlifethattheyevenaffectedthelanguage.ManyEnglishexpressionsweusetodaywereoriginallynautical（航海的）terms,althoughmostpeoplenolongerrealizethis.Forexample,peoplecommonlydescribeanhonestandfairbusinessdealasbeing"aboveboard".Thisexpressionwasoriginallyusedinsailingshiptimeswhensecretive,dishonestship'sbusinesswouldbecarriedoutbelowdecks（belowtheboards）outofpublicview.Ontheotherhand,honestbusinesswasalwaysconductedondeck（abovetheboards）,intheopenwhereeveryonecouldseewhatwasgoingon.

   "Pipedown!

",meaning"Bequiet!

",isanothercommonexpressionthathasnauticalorigins.Theship'sboatswain（水手长）wouldblowawhistle,orpipe,attheendofthedaytoindicate（表明）tothesailorsitwastimetoquietendownandgotosleep.

   MostnativeEnglishspeakershaveheardtheexpression"notenoughroomtoswingacat",butfewknowthatthe"cat"doesnotrefertoasmallfurryanimalwithfourlegsandatail.The"cat"isactuallyashortformof"catofninetails"—awhipwithnine,knotted（打结的）tails.Aboatswainneededalotofspaceinordertoswingthewhipproperlywhenlashing（鞭打）apoorsailorunderhiscontrol!

（1）TheBritishhavebeenstronglyinfluencedbytheseabecause________.

A. theyoccupiedmorelandaroundtheworld       

B. theygotmorewealthfromthesea

C. theyliveonanislandsurroundedbythesea     

D. theyhadthelargestnavyever

（2）Ifsomeoneisopenandaboveboard,itmeansheis________.

A. secretive                           

B. honest                           

C. cheerful                           

D. dishonest

（3）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A. Sailorsneedtogotosleepwhentheyhearawhistle.

B. Sailorswillbewhippediftheydobusinessbelowdecks.

C. Apoorsailormaybewhippedninetimesaday.

D. Thereisnospareroomtoraisecatsonships.

（4）Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A. ThebusinessonBritishsailingships.

B. TheinfluenceofBritishsailors'languageonEnglish.

C. ThesailinghistoryofEngland.

D. ThesailingstoryofBritishsailors.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，英国作为一个岛国，四周环海，海洋在英国人的生活中起着重要的作用。

英国曾有着强大的海军。

一直以来，水手们经常使用的一些航海术语丰富并影响着英语这门语言。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Theyaresurroundedbythesea,soitisnotsurprisingthattheseahasalwaysplayedanimportantroleintheirlives.”可知，英国被海洋环绕，海对英国人的生活影响很大。

故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“…peoplecommonlydescribeanhonestandfairbusinessdealasbeing“aboveboard”可知，如果”一个诚实公正的人就会被认为是'aboveboard'”。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Theship'sboatswain（水手长）wouldblowawhistle,orpipe,attheendofthedaytoindicate（表明）tothesailorsitwastimetoquietendownandgotosleep.”可知船上的水手长会在一天结束的时候吹口哨或吹笛子，向水手们表示应该安静下来睡觉了。

故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

第一段介绍英国是一个受到海洋影响的国家，四周环海，航海在人们的生活中起着重要的作用。

以此引入主题即水手们在航行时使用的一些航海术语对英语这门语言所产生的影响。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Nowin2019,jazzmusicisanimportantpartofIndianapolis'artculture.JazzclubsaroundthecitystillhostconcertswithlocaljazzmusicianslikeRobDixonandJoelTucker.Oneoftheseclubs,theChatterboxJazzClub,stillhaslivejazzsevennightsaweek.

   ButtherealhistoryofjazzinIndyismuchlesssimple.AlongwiththeAvenue'sculture,jazzmusicwasgonefromthestreetsformanyyears.

   IndianaAvenuewastheheartofaneighborhoodalongtheWhiteRiver.Itwasacenterforblackmusicandlivestreetmusic.Thewealthyavoidedthisarea.Soitbecameaplacethatpoorerfamilies,includingmanyAfrican-Americanandimmigrant（移民）families,movedto.

   JazzprosperedinthemixofAmericanculturesaroundtheAvenueinthe1930sand1940s.Butinthe1950s,thingschanged.Afterthewar,therewereprojectstomakethecitybeautifulandbuildauniversitynearby.Bothoftheseseemedlikegoodchanges.However,thenewuniversityandbuildingscausedpoorerfamiliestohavetoleavethearea.ThisdestroyedtheIndianaAvenuecommunity-andwithit,itsjazzculture.

   Aftermanyyears,Indianapolisrememberedthevalueofitsartsandmusicculture.ItbegantobringbacklostculturessuchaslivemusicontheAvenue.Todoso,itbegantomakenewchanges.ThechangesincludedrepairinghistoricareasliketheAvenue.Onceagain,thehighlivingcostsinthesehistoricartsareaspushedlow-incomefamiliesout.

   Todaythereareseveralold-stylejazzclubswherefriendscanmeetuptorememberthepastorjustenjoyasummerevening.Itmightseematfirstthatjazzisaliveagain,butthereisasadrealitybehindthesejazzclubs:

ModernIndyjazzisonlyashadow（影子）ofthelivelyculturethatwasonceonIndianaAvenue.

（1）WhatdoestheauthormainlywanttosayinParagraph1?

A.Jazzclubscanmakebigmoney.

B.Jazzmusiciansoftenholdconcerts.

C.JazzmusicispopularinIndianapolis.

D.JazzcultureisjustpartofIndianapolis'culture.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"prospered"inParagraph4mean?

A.Disappearedquickly.

B.Arrivedsoon.

C.Recoveredsoon.

D.Developedwell.

（3）WhatdidIndianapolisdotobringbackitslostculture?

A.Itrebuiltsomeoldimportantareas.

B.Itinvitedoldjazzmusicianstosinginthecity.

C.Iteducatedpeopleaboutthevalueofmusicculture.

D.Itsettledlow-incomefamiliesintheIndianaAvenuecommunity,

（4）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingaboutmodernIndyjazzistrue?

A.Itshomecultureisgone.

B.Itsstylesaretootraditional.

C.Itshowsthesadnessofthepoor.

D.Itisnolongerafavoriteoftheyoung.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，2019年爵士乐仍然是印第安纳波利斯艺术文化的重要组成部分，但是它的本土文化消失了。

（1）考查段落大意。

根据第一段中的“Nowin2019,jazzmusicisanimportantpartofIndianapolis'artculture.”现在到了2019年，爵士乐是印第安纳波利斯艺术文化的重要组成部分。

可知，第一段主要是介绍了爵士乐在印第安纳波利斯很受欢迎。

故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第四段中中的“Butinthe1950s,thingschanged….However,thenewuniversityandbuildingscausedpoorerfamiliestohavetoleavethearea.ThisdestroyedtheIndianaAvenuecommunity-andwithit,itsjazzculture.”但在20世纪50年代，情况发生了变化。

……然而，新的 大学和建筑使得贫困家庭不得不离开这个地区。

这摧毁了印第安纳大道社区，也随之摧毁了它的爵士乐文化。

可知，转折词but之后描述了爵士乐的衰落，因此推测出划线词prospered意为“兴盛、蓬勃发展”。

故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“ItbegantobringbacklostculturessuchaslivemusicontheAvenue.Todoso,itbegantomakenewchanges.ThechangesincludedrepairinghistoricareasliketheAvenue.”它开始带回失落的文化，比如大街上的现场音乐。

为此，它开始做出新的改变。

这些改变包括修复像TheAvenue这样的历史街区。

可知，它重建了一些旧的重要区域。

故选A。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Itmightseematfirstthatjazzisaliveagain,butthereisasadrealitybehindthesejazzclubs:

ModernIndyjazzisonlyashadow（影子）ofthelivelyculturethatwasonceonIndianaAvenue.”乍一看，爵士乐似乎又活了起来，但在这些爵士乐俱乐部背后却有一个可悲的现实:

现代印地安那爵士乐只是曾经活跃在印第安纳大道上的文化的一个影子。

可知，爵士乐的本土文化消失了。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

   There'saworldofdifferencebetweenahorrormovieandacomedy—theformerscaresyouhalftodeathwhilethelatterleavesyourollingonthefloorwithlaughter.Buttrywatchingthemwithoutthebackgroundmusicandyoujustmightdecidethey'renotsodifferentafterall.Musicandmovieshavebeencloselyconnectedsincethebeginningofthefilmindustry—evenbeforethevoicesofactorswererecorded.Inmovies,musichelpstoprovideasenseoftimeandplace,conveyideasaboutthecharactersand,mostimportantly,drawemotionsoutoftheaudience.

   Studieshavelongshownthatourheartratesandanxietylevelsriseandfalldependingonthespeedofthemusicwehear.Usingthisknowledge,composersusesuddenchangesinfilmmusicspeedtocreatefearamongaudiences.Slowingthespeedofthemusicwillhavetheoppositeeffect,bringingaboutasenseofpeaceoradreamlikequality.Theuseofdissonant（不和谐的）tonesandnoisesisanothertechniquethatheightenstension.Humansnaturallybecomeunnervedwhenweheardissonantsoundsbecausesuchnoisesareusuallyassociatedwithdanger,likethosethatanimalsmaketowarnagainstpredators（捕食者）.

   Ascrucialasitis,thebestfilmmusicissubtle.Allthataudiencesaresupposedtofeelisaheightenedsenseofemotion—theyshouldn'trealizewhat'scausingit.Onlywhenthemusicistakenoutofthefilmshouldaudiencesunderstanditseffects.

   Inkeepingwiththisprinciple,somefilmmakersareevenusingwhat'scalled"infrasound"（次声波）toarousefear.Whilewemaynotbeabletohearitbecauseitsfrequencyisbelowtherangeofthehumanear,infrasoundhasbeenproventocauseanxiety,trembleandevensorrow.Forexample,infrasoundwasusedinthesoundtrackofthe2007horrormovieParanormalActivity,andaudiencesreposedextremelyhighfearlevelsdespitethe1ackofactionthroughoutthemovie."Itdoesn'taffecteveryoneequally,"saidBritishsciencewriterPhilipBall,authorofTheMusicInstinct,buthepredictedthat"wewillseemoreofitusedinmoviesinthefuture".

（1）Whatisthedifferencebetweenahorrormovieandacomedy?

A. Theirhistory.       B. Theirbackgroundmusi