英语四六级阅读理解训练题110.docx

英语四六级阅读理解训练题110.docx

《英语四六级阅读理解训练题110.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语四六级阅读理解训练题110.docx（22页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

英语四六级阅读理解训练题110

一InformingtheWorld

　　Everyday,thenewsoftheworldisrelayedtopeoplebyover300millioncopiesofdailypapers,over400millionradiosets,andover150milliontelevisionsets.Additionalnewsisshownbymotionpictures,intheatresandcinemasallovertheworld.Asmorepeoplelearnwhattheimportanteventsofthedayare,fewerarestillconcernedexclusivelywiththeeventsoftheirownhousehold.AstheEnglishwriterJohnDonneputitnearlyfourhundredyearsago,"nomanisanisland."ThisideaismoreappropriatetodaythanitwaswhenDonnelived.Inshort,whereverhelives,amanbelongstosomesociety;andwearebecomingmoreandmoreawarethatwhateverhappensinoneparticularsocietyaffects,somehow,thelifeanddestinyofallhumanity.

　　Newspapershavebeenpublishedinthemodernworldforaboutfourhundredyears.MostofthenewspapersprintedtodayarereadinEuropeandNorthAmerica.However,soontheymaybereadinallpartsoftheworld,thankstothenewinventionsthatarechangingthetechniquesofnewspaperpublishing.

　　Electronicsandautomationhavemadeitpossibletoproducepicturesandtextfarmorequicklythanbefore.Photographicreproductioneliminatestheneedfortypeandprintingpresses.Andfewerspecialists,suchastype-setters,areneededtoproduceapaperormagazinebythephoto-offset（照相平板胶印）method.Therefore,thepublishingofnewspapersandmagazinesbecomesmoreeconomical.Furthermore,photo-copiescanbesentovergreatdistancesnowbymeansoftelevisionchannelsandsatellitessuchasTelstar.Thus,picturescanbebroughttothepublicmorequicklythanpreviously.

　　Machinesthatprepareprintedtextsforphoto-copiesarebeingusedagreatdealtoday.Thousandsoflettersandfiguresofdifferentsizesandthicknessescannowbearrangedonablackglassdiscthatisonlyeightinchesindiameter,tobeprintedinnegativeform（whiteonablackbackground）.Thedisconthemachineturnsconstantlyattherateoftenrevolutionsasecond.Abeamoflightfromaslroboscopic（频闪的）lampshinesonthedesiredlettersandfiguresforaboutIwo-millionthsofasecond.Thentheimageofthelettersandfiguresthatwereilluminatedisprojectedontoafilmthroughlenses.Thesectionoffilmislargeenoughtoholdtheequivalentofapageoftext.Thereisakeyboardinfrontofthemachinethatissimilartothekeyboardofatypewriter,andthemachineoperatorhasonlytostriketheproperkeysfortheimageofthecorrespondingletterstobeimmediatelytransferredtothefilm.Thenegativeimageonthefilmcanquicklybetransferredontopaper.Thismethodmakesitaseasytoreproducephotographsandillustrationsasitistoreproducethetextitself.

　　Film,beinglightandsmall,canbesentrapidlytootherplacesandusedtoprintcopiesofthetextwheretheyareneeded.Filmimagescanalsobeprojectedeasilyonamovieortelevisionscreen.Televisionbroadcastsarelimitedtoanareathatiswithinsightofthesendingstationoritsrelay（中继）.Althoughtelevisionrelaysareoftenplacedonhillsandmountainssothattheycancoverawiderregion,theystillcannotcovermorelandthanonecouldseefromthesamehilltoponaclearday.However,theraysalsogooutintotheatmosphere,andifthereisarelaystationonasatellitethatrevolvesaroundtheearth,itcantransmitthepicturestoanypointontheearthfromwhichthesatelliteisvisible.Threesatellitespermanentlyrevolvingovertheequatortransmitanytelevisionprogramtoanypartoftheearth.Thismakesitpossibleforworldeditionsofnewspaperstogivethenewsinallcountriesatthesametime.Somedayitmaybepossibleforasubscribertoatelevisednewspapertopressabuttonandseeanewspaperpageonhistelevisionscreen.Hecouldalsodecidewhenhewantsthepagetoturn,and,bydiallingdifferentnumberssuchasthoseonatelephonedial,hecouldchoosethelanguageortheeditionofthepaperhewantstoread.Itseemsstrangetothinkthat,eventoday,methodsofthepastarenotentirelyuseless.Forexample,sometimespressagenciesthatuseradioandTelstarusecarrierpigeonstosendmessagesbetweenofficesinlargecitiesbecausethepigeonsarenotbotheredbytrafficproblems.

　　ItmaybesometimebeforetelevisionsetsbecomecommonintheaveragehomesinAfricaandAsia.However,radioisalreadyrapidlybecomingaccessibletothousandsofpeopleintheseareas.And,nowthatgoodradiosarebeingmadewithtransistors,andtheirpriceisgraduallydroppingbecauseofmassproduction,itmaynotbe"toolongbeforeradiosbecomecommonplaceinareaswhichhavenonewspapers.Transistorsmakeitpossibleforpeopletocarrysmallradioswherevertheygo,withoutneedofelectriccurrent.Eventelevisionsetsarenowoperatingontransistors,andthepocketTVmaysoonbeaswidespread

　　asthepocketradio.

　　Nowthatscientificprogressismakingitpossibletosendthenewstoallthe

　　inhabitantsoftheearth,itwillbeimportanttoconsiderwhatnewsisgoingtobesenttothem.Nomatterwhatcriteriaareusedinmakingthedecision,adecisionmustbemade,sincenoonewould'havetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverythingthereisgoingonintheworld!

Peoplewhohavetimetoreadseveralpaperscanalreadycomparedifferentreportsofthesameevent.Whenaneventhaspoliticalsignificance,eachpaperreportsitfromthepointofviewofitsownpoliticalbeliefsorpreferences.Ideally,ofcourse,theexpressionofeditorialopinionshouldbelimitedtotheeditorialpage,and

thenewsarticlesshouldbeobjective—tellingthefactsascompletelyaspossible,withouttryingtogivethemaparticularinterpretation,orwithoutotherwisetryingtoinfluencethereader'sopinion.However,reportersandeditorsareonlyhuman,andiftheyhavestrongpoliticalbeliefsitisalmostimpossibleforthemtohidethem.Ifeditorsbelievetheirpointofviewisbestforthereadersoftheirpaper,what'stostopthemfromusingthepapertotrytoinfluencepublicopinion?

Andif,someday,aworldnewspaperbecomesareality,willitbethemostpowerfulpressagenciesthatwillchoosethenewstobesentouttoallcountries?

　　1.Theexpression"nomanisanisland"meansthatnomanlivessurroundedbywater.

　　2.Accordingtotheauthor,itmaynotbelongbeforepeopleallovertheworldhaveaccesstonewspapers.

　　3.Thetransferringofnewspapertextstofilmistime-consumingandcostly.

　　4.TransistorsareparticularlyusefulbecausetheyareusedinsmallradioandTVsets.

　　5.Televisionrelaysareoftenplacedonahilltopsothattheycanreachasatellite.

　　6.Peoplearecapableofknowingalltheeventsgoingonineverypartoftheworld.

　　7.Ifaworldnewspaperbecomesareality,itwilltakemoreresponsibilityforinformingallthereadersofthelatestnewsintheworld.

　　8.Newspapershavebeenpublishedforabout______.

　　9.Anytelevisionprogramcouldbetransmittedtoanypartoftheworldby______.

　　10.Itisidealthatthenewsarticles______.

二

Socialcustomsandwaysofbehavingchange.Thingswhichwereconsideredimpolitemanyyearsagoarenow11.Justafewyearsago,itwas12impolitebehaviorforamantosmokeonthestreet.Nomanwhothoughtofhimselfasbeingagentlemanwouldmakea13ofhimselfbysmokingwhenaladywasinaroom.

　　Customsalsodifferfromcountrytocountry.Doesamanwalkontheleftortherightofawomaninyourcountry?

Ordoesn'tit14?

Whatabouttablemanners?

Shouldyouusebothhandswhenyouareeating?

Shouldyouleaveoneinyourlap,oronthetable?

　　TheAmericansandtheBritishnotonlyspeakthesamelanguagebutalso15alargenumberofsocialcustoms.Forexample,inbothAmericaandEnglandpeopleshakehandswhentheymeeteachotherforthefirsttime.Also,mostEnglishmenwillopenadoorforawomanoroffertheirseattoawoman,andsowillmostAmericans.16isimportantbothinEnglandandinAmerica.Thatis,ifadinnerinvitationisfor7o'clock,thedinnerguesteitherarrives17tothattimeorcallsuptoexplainhis18

　　Theimportantthingtorememberaboutsocialcustomsisnottodoanythingthatmightmakeotherpeoplefeeluncomfortable—19iftheyareyourguests.Thereisanoldstoryaboutamanwhogaveaformaldinnerparty.Whenthefoodwasserved,oneoftheguestsstartedtoeathispeaswithaknife.Theotherguestswereamusedorshocked,butthe20calmlypickeduphisknife

　　andbeganeatinginthesameway.

　　A.especiallyB.attainableC.closeD.delay

　　E.consideredF.hostG.deliveryH.Preparation

　　I.shareJ.foolK.specificallyL.acceptable

　　M.matterN.Promptness0.care

三

Tounderstandwhysomeonebecomesanoptimistorapessimist,ithelpstounderstandwhatdistinguishesthem.Sayyoucrashyourcar.Doyouexpectgoodthingstohappenaftertheaccident—aneasyrecuperation（挽回损失）,afatcheckfromyourinsurer?

Ordoyouworrythatyourneckwillhurtforever?

　　"Optimisticpeopletendtofeelthatbadthingswon'tlastlongandwon'taffectotherpartsoflife,".Seligmansays.Pessimiststendtobelieveonenegativeincidentwilllastandundermineeverythingelseintheirlives.

　　Alsoimportant,researcherssay,isthestoryyouconstructaboutwhythingshappen—yourexplanatorystyle.Optimistsbelievethatbadeventshavetemporarycauses—"Thebossisinabadmood."Pessimistsbelievethecauseispermanent—"Thebossisajerk."

　　Thissenseofcontroldistinguishesonetypefromtheother.Positivethinkersfeelpowerful.Negativethinkers,Seligmansays,feelhelplessbecausetheyhavelearnedtobelievethey'redoomed,nomatterwhat.Ayoungwifewho'stoldshe'sincapa