虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题.docx

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虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题.docx

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虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题.docx

虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题

虚拟语气用法与专项练习题

虚拟语气表示一种假设情况,或一种主观愿望,即动词所表示动作或状态并非事实,或不可能实现。

英语虚拟语气形式有下列几种:

一.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句

注意:

主句中should通常用于第一人称,would可用于任何人称,同时也可根据意思用情态动词could,might等代替should,would。

 1.与现在事实相反

连接词

条件从句

If

1).动词过去式(或were)

2).助动词(过去式)+动词原形

Should

Would+动词原形

could

might

(1)Ifhadthetime,JohnwouldmakeatriptoChinatoseetheGreatWall.

(2)IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveupdrinkingimmediately.

2.与过去事实相反

连接词

条件从句

If

had+过去分词

Should

Would+have+过去分词

could

might

IfI’dknownthatitwasgoingtorain,Iwouldneverhavegoneforawalkinthecountry.

3.与将来事实相反

连接词

条件从句

If

1.   should+动词原形

2.   动词过去式

3、wereto+动词原形

Should

Would+动词原形

could

might

Ifitwereto/shouldraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.

Ifyouwenttherenexttime,youwouldseewhatImean.

4.错综时间虚拟语气

当条件状语从句表示行为和主句表示行为所发生时间不一致时,动词形式要根据它所表示时间来调整。

例如:

IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome.

Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor'sadvice,youwouldbequiteallrightnow.(从句说是过去,主句指是现在。

Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavorable,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.

状语从句

1.方式状语asif(asthough)

如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用"had+过去分词";表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用"would(might,could)+动词原形"。

例如:

(1)HelooksatmeasifIweremad.

(2)HespokeEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.但asif(asthough)后从句也常用陈述语气,这是因为从句中情况往往是可能发生或可能被设想为真实。

例如:

Itlooksasifoursideisgoingtowin.

2.目状语inorderthat,sothat,lest,forfearthat等

从句谓语动词用"may/might,can/could)+动词原形"。

例如:

(1)Shelistenedcarefullyinorderthatshemightdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.

(2)Wehidbehindsomebushesforfearthatpasser-byshouldseeus.

3.连词引导条件状语从句:

incase,unless,supposing,providing,onconditionthat从句谓语动词用(should)或"might,could)+动词原形"。

二.虚拟语气用于宾语从句

1.Suggest,advise等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下:

要求:

askdemandrequirerequestbegpleadinsistpraymaintainurge

建议:

suggestadviseproposerecommendmove

命令、决定:

ordercommanddecidedetermineresolve

其它:

consentdeservedesireintendprefer等后面宾语从句中+that…(should)+动词原形

注意:

在此结构中that不可省略;should省不省均可。

Hesuggestedthatthey(should)stopsmoking.

Theydemandedthattheblackpeopleshouldbetreatedaswellaswhitepeople.

如果that引导从句所表达内容是事实,也可用陈述语气。

Heinsiststhatheisright.

注意:

insist作"力言"、"强调"解时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。

只有当insist作"坚持(应该)"解时,宾语从句才用虚拟语气。

例如

(1)Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.

(2)Iinsistedthatyougivememymoneyback.

2."wish+宾语从句"表示不能实现愿望,汉语可译为"可惜……"、"……就好了"、"悔不该……"、"但愿……"等。

表示现在不能实现愿望,从句谓语动词用过去式;表示将来不能实现愿望,用"would(could)+动词原形";表示过去不能实现愿望,用"had+过去分词"或"(could)would+have+过去分词"。

例如:

wish用法

1).与现在事实相反:

动词过去式或were

Iwishwecouldgototheseasidetoday.

IwishIwereapopsinger.(=IamsorryIamnotapopsinger..)

2).与过去事实相反:

主语+wish(that)+主语+动词过去完成式

Wewishwehadarrivedtheretwohoursearlier.

IwishIhadneverstoppedteaching.(=IamsorryIstoppedteaching.)

3).与将来事实相反:

助动词过去式+动词原形

Iwishthey’dletusgetsomesleep.

注意:

wish与hope接宾语从句区别在于:

hope表示一般可以实现希望,宾语从句用陈述语气。

wish表示很难或不大可能实现希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。

试比较:

Wehopetheywillcome,(Wedon’tknowiftheycancome.

Wewishtheycouldcome,(Weknowtheyarenotcoming.

3.虚拟语气在

wouldrather/wouldsooner/wouldjustassoon后接从句:

I'dratheryoupaidmenow.(从句用过去时指现在)

Iwouldrathertheycametomorrow.(从句用过去时指将来)

I'drathershehadn'tdonethat.(从句用过去完成时指过去)(此句中would可看作是表愿望实义动词)

三.虚拟语气用于主语从句

在主语从句中,谓语动词虚拟语气结构用"should+动词原形"结构,表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等。

例如:

Itisnecessary(appropriatecrucialdesirabledreadfulessentialimportantimproperincredibleindispensableinsistentnaturalpreferablepossibleprobableproperrightsignificantsurprisingstrangetragicurgentvitalwrongetc.)thatweshouldcleantheroomeveryday.

Itwasapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatyoushouldbesocareless.

Itwillbedesired(suggested,decided,ordered,requested,

proposed,etc.)thatsheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoon.

在上述三种主语从句中,should意为"应该"、"竟然",可以省去,但不可换用would。

主句所用动词时态不限。

注意:

这种从句表示是事实。

如果说话人对这种事实表示惊奇,就可用虚拟语气。

反之,如果不表示惊奇,that从句也可用陈述语气。

例如:

Itisstrangethathedidnotcomeyesterday.

Itisapitythatyoucan'tswim.

四.虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句

要求:

demandrequestprayinsistencerequirement

建议:

suggestionadviceproposalrecommendationmotion

命令、决定:

ordercommanddecisiondeterminationresolution

其它:

plandesireideanecessitypreference等名词表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气结构"(should)+动词原形"。

例如

(1)Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.

(2)Myideaisthathe(should)doexercisesfirst.

五、虚拟语气几种特殊用法

1.省掉if条件从句倒装结构:

Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.(=Ifyouhadaskedme,…)

2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示,如:

Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.(=Ifhewereatruefriend,he...)

(=Iftherewerenowater,…)

(=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme,…)

3.虚拟语气用于定语从句:

It’s(high)timethat…+动词过去式或should+动词原形,(should不能省略,be用were)"来表示,意为"(现在)该……"。

如:

It’stime(that)youhadahaircut.

It’shightime(that)wetooksomeaction.

4.虚拟语气用于ifonly引导感叹句:

IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.我要是听他话就好了。

IfonlyIwereabird!

我如果是一只鸟就好了。

5.虚拟语气用于简单句

1)表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌,使语气委婉,常出现在日常会话中。

例如

(1)Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.

(2)Wouldyoubekindenoughtoopenthedoor?

2)用于一些习惯表达法中。

例如:

Wouldyoulikeacupoftea.

Youhadbettergonow.

3)用"may+动词原形",表示"祝愿"、"但愿"。

may须置于句首。

例如:

(1)Mayyoubehappy!

(2)Mayyousucceed!

6.含蓄条件句

在某些虚拟语气结构中没有if条件句,虚拟条件是用其它形式表示出来,这种现象在语法上称为"含蓄条件句"。

含蓄条件具体分为以下几种情况:

1)通过动词不定式短语表示条件。

例如:

Youwouldbeafooltorefusehisoffer.

(=Ifyoushouldrefusehisoffer,youwouldbeafool.)

要是你拒绝他建议,就太傻了。

2)通过介词短语表达条件。

例如:

ButforthestormIwouldhavearrivedmuchearlier.

(=Ifithadnotbeenforthestorm...)

要不是那场暴雨,我早就到达了。

Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Iwouldnothavesucceededbutforyourhelp.

3)通过连词otherwise,or,but,that,though,once等表达条件。

例如:

Shecametotownyesterday,otherwise/orIwouldnothavemether.

昨天她到城里来了,不然我就不会遇见她了。

(otherwise/or=ifshehadn'tcome)

Iwouldhaveattendedthemeeting,butIhavebeentoobusy.

(=...ifIhadnotbeentoobusy)

我本来要参加会议,只是太忙了。

4)通过Wereitnotfor...或Haditnotbeenfor...等句式表达条件。

意为"如果当时没有……",表示同过去事实相反假设。

例如Wereitnotfor(=Ifitwerenotfor)theleadershipoftheParty,wecouldnotliveahappylife.要不是党领导,我们不可能过幸福生活。

(与现在事实相反)

Haditnotbeenfor(=Ifithadnotbeenfor)theleadershipoftheParty,weshouldhavefailed.若不是有党领导,我们早就失败了。

(与过去事实相反)

5)通过分词短语表达条件。

例如:

Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.倘若给予更多关心,这些树本来可以生长得更好。

(=Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention...)

6)无词句暗示条件。

例如:

Suchmistakescouldhavebeenavoided.这种错误本来可以避免。

(暗含条件从句ifwehadbeenmorecareful)

Itwassoquiet,youcouldhaveheardapindrop.是那样安静,掉根针你都听得见。

(暗含条件从句ifithaddroppedtotheground)

虚拟语气专项练习题

(1).IfIyou,Iwouldgobyplane.Flyingismuchfaster.

A.beB.wasC.wereD.am

(2).IdonotthinkthosepeoplearereallyEnglish.Iftheywere,theyspeakwithFrenchaccents.

A.don'tB.willnotC.mustn'tD.wouldn't

(3)today,wouldwebeabletogettherebyTuesday?

A.WereweleavingB.IfweleaveC.WouldweleaveD.Werewetoleave

(4).IfPetertomorrow,whatwouldyoudo?

A.werenottocomeB.willnotcomeC.wouldnotcomeD.hadnotcome

(5).“Shedidn'taskme,soIdidn'thelpher?

“Youmeantosay,youwould'vehelpedher?

A.ifsheaskedyouB.ifsheweretoaskyou

C.hadsheaskedyouD.wereshetoaskyou

6).Theytooktheinjuredstraighttothehospital.Otherwisesomeofthem.

A.mighthavediedB.mightdieC.woulddieD.coulddie

(7).Iftheyhadknownhim,tohim?

A.wouldtheyhavetalkedB.wouldtheytalk

 C.hadtheytalkedD.theywouldtalk

 (8).IfIlivedinthecity,Itravelledincrowdedbuses,butItoseelotsof   films.

A.shallhaveto/shallbeableB.shallhaveto/amable

C.wouldhaveto/wereableD.wouldhaveto/wouldbeable

(9).Iwouldhavegonetotheconcert,ifItime.

A.hadhadB.havehadC.hadD.wouldhavehad

 (10).Iknownit,Iwouldhavetoldyou.

A.HaveB.IfC.HadD.Having

(11).yourhelp,Iwouldnothavesucceeded.

A.BecauseB.BecauseofC.ButD.Butfor

(12).“WhatdidMrSmithsayabouthiscareer?

“Onlythatifheamillionaire,hewouldhavefewerworries.”

A.didnotbecomeB.hadnotbecomeC.doesnotbecomeD.hasnotbecome

(13).“Whydidn'tyouhelphim?

“IwouldhaveIdidn'thavethemoney.”

A.stillB.butC.otherwiseD.or

(14).“WhoshouldgotoseeLiYing?

Heisilltoday.”

“IsuggestWangHong.”

A.goesB.wouldgoC.goD.went

(15).Thehousemasterwasstrict.Herequestedthatwetelevisiononweek nights.

A.notwatchB.mustnottowatchC.notbewatchingD.havenotwatch

(16).Ican'tspeakJapanese,butIdowishI.

A.canB.couldC.hadD.speak

(17).“Areyouenjoyingyourstayhere?

“Yes,verymuch.IwishIhavetoleavesosoon.”

A.won'tB.don'tC.mustn'tD.didn't

(18).“Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholidays?

“Idon'tknow,butit'sabouttimeonsomething.”

A.I'mdecidingB.I'lldecideC.IdecidedD.I'ddecided

(19).I'dratheryouanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.

A.sayB.didn'tsayC.don'tsayD.notsay

(20).“Whydoyouhavetobethereatsix?

“Theteacherdemandsthateveryoneinhisseatatsix.”

A.wouldbeB.canbeC.beD.willbe

(21).Hemakesanoteoftheassignmentlestheit.

A.forgetsB.forgetC.willforgetD.willnotforget

(22).“Howdoesthelibrarianact?

“Heactsasifheawalkingdictionary.”

A.wereB.beC.isD.hasbeen

23).Thereisalawthatdrunkendriversseverelypunished.

A.wereB.areC.beD.willbe

(24).IwishyouinterruptwhenI'mtalkingonthephone.

A.willnotB.wouldnotC.donotD.didnot

(25).Henrytalkstohisdogasifithim.

A.understandsB.understoodC.underst

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